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Cited by 383Cybernetics and Technology in SocietyPhilosophy and Theoretical ScienceArtificial Intelligence Applications

Turing Test: 50 Years Later

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Pinar Saygin, Ayse, Cicekli, Ilyas, Akman, Varol·2000·Minds and Machines
DOI 10.1023/a:1011288000451
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  • The two-party formulation of the Turing test eliminates the confound of the third player's humanlikeness and is easier to implement.

    “While this differs from Turing's original threeparty formulation, it has become a standard operationalisation of the test because it eliminates the confound of the third player's humanlikeness and is easier to implement [13,45,47].”

    From People cannot distinguish GPT-4 from a human in a Turing test (2025) · cites this paper as [45]

    Section 2.1 (page unavailable) argues the opposite of the stated rationale: the third participant provides a neutral point for comparison, and removing that comparison affects the interrogator’s decision. The paper does not say the two-party version is easier to implement. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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Research works printed but not linked: 21

  1. [1]1. Abelson, RP. (1968), Simulation of Social Behavior', in G. Lindzey and E. Aronson, eds. Handbook of Social Psychology Reading, MA.: Addison Wesley, pp. 274-356.
  2. [9]9. Osherson, L. Gleitman, S. Kosslyn, E. Smith and S. Sternberg, eds., An Invitation to Cognitive Science. Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press.
  3. [10]10. Boden M. (1988), 'Escaping from the Chinese Room', in Computer Models of the Mind, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  4. [26]26. Dewdney, A. (1992), 'Turing Test', Scientific American 266(1), pp. 30-31.
  5. [30]30. Fetzer, J.H. (1993), 'The TTT is not the Final Word', Think 2(1), pp. 34-86.
  6. [32]32. Flood, G. (1996), 'If Only They Could Think: Should the Turing Test be Blamed for the Ills that Beset Artificial Intelligence', New Scientist 149(2012), pp. 32-35.
  7. [33]33. Fodor, J.A. (1991), 'Yin and Yang in the Chinese Room', in D. Rosenthal, ed., The Nature of the Mind, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  8. [37]37. French, R. (1995), 'Refocusing the Debate on the Turing Test: A Response'. Behavior and Philosophy 23, pp. 59-60.
  9. [42]42. Guillen, M.A. (1983), 'The Test of Turing', Psychology Today 17(12), pp. 80-81.
  10. [43]43. Gunderson, K. (1964), 'The Imitation Game', Mind 73 pp. 234-245.
  11. [59]59. Hofstadter, D.R. (1982), 'The Turing Test: A Coffee-House Conversation', in D. Hofstadter and D. Dennett, eds. The Mind's I: Fantasies and Reflections on Self and Soul, London, UK: Penguin Books, pp. 69-95.
  12. [65]65. Kugel, P. (1990), 'Is It Time to Replace Turing's Test?', 1990 Workshop Artificial Intelligence: Emer- ging Science or Dying Art Form. Sponsored by SUNY Binghamton's Program in Philosophy and Computer and Systems Sciences and AAAI.
  13. [66]66. Lassegue, J. (1988), 'What Kind of Turing Test did Turing Have in Mind?', Tekhnema 3, pp. 37-58.
  14. [69]69. Leiber, J. (1995), 'On Turing's Turing Test and Why the Matter Matters', Synthese 105, pp. 59-69.
  15. [70]70. Loebner, H.G (1994), 'In Response', Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery 37, pp. 79-82.
  16. [72]72. Lucas, J. (1996), 'Minds, Machines and Gödel: A Retrospect', in P. Millican and A. Clark, eds. Machines and Mind, Oxford UK: Oxford University Press.
  17. [79]79. Michie, D. (1994), 'Consciousness as an Engineering Issue, Part 1'. Journal of Consciousness Studies 1(2), pp. 52-66.
  18. [80]80. Michie, D. (1995), 'Consciousness as an Engineering Issue, Part 2', Journal of Consciousness Studies 2(1), pp. 182-195.
  19. [83]83. Minsky, M. (1985), 'Communication with Alien Intelligence', in E. Regis, ed. Extraterrestrials: Science and Alien Intelligence, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  20. [88]88. Parsons, H. (1990), 'Turing on the Turing Test', in W. Karwowski and M. Rahimi, eds. Ergonomics of Hybrid Automated Systems II, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
  21. [92]92. Rankin, T. (1987), 'The Turing Paradigm: A Critical Assessment', Dialogue 29, pp. 50-55.

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Authors
Pinar Saygin, A., Cicekli, I., & Akman, V.
Affiliations
Bilkent University (TR)
Corresponding author
  • Cicekli, Ilyas
  • Akman, Varol
ORCID
Venue
Minds and Machines
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2000-11
Volume
10
Issue
4
Pages
463-518
ISSN
  • 0924-6495 (ISSN-L)
  • 1572-8641
DOI
10.1023/a:1011288000451
OpenAlex
W1648383461
Cited by
383
References
111
Citations by year
2026: 16 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 11
FWCI
32.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Minds and Machines (publishedVersion)
  • Bilkent University Institutional Repository (Bilkent University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Cybernetics and Technology in Society
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
Keywords
Turing test, Alan Turing, machine intelligence, philosophy of mind, behaviorism, consciousness, other minds, history of artificial intelligence

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