The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Using Propensity Scores to Help Design Observational Studies: Application to the Tobacco Litigation
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In the citing paper
“Nearly all analyses show Rubin's B<25%, Rubin's R of 0.5–2, and a percentage bias of <10% for each covariate (Fig. 1) (Morgan, 2018; Rubin, 2001).”
From Longitudinal associations between reading for pleasure and child maladjustment: Results from a propensity score matching analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Rubin, 2001
In the citing paper
“We used directed acyclic graphs to identify factors that could be associated with both reading for pleasure and children's strengths and difficulties, or with children's strengths and difficulties only based on previous empirical research (Brookhart et al., 2006; Caliendo and Kopeinig, 2008; Rubin, 2001; Sauer and VanderWeele, 2013).”
From Longitudinal associations between reading for pleasure and child maladjustment: Results from a propensity score matching analysis (2020) · cites this paper as Rubin, 2001
In the citing paper
“Secondly, this process of variable selection can be based on previous research [59].”
Citations
Cites
The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects
ROSENBAUM, P. R., & RUBIN, D. B. (1983) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/70.1.41 · Cited by 31,241
Self-citationRosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1985) · The American Statistician · doi:10.2307/2683903 · Cited by 6,472
Self-citation(1976) · Annals of Economic and Social Measurement · Cited by 5,035
A generalization of sampling without replacement from a finite universe
Horvitz, D. G., & Thompson, D. J. (1952) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1952.10483446 · Cited by 4,293
Reducing Bias in Observational Studies Using Subclassification on the Propensity Score
Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1984.10478078 · Cited by 3,082
Self-citationA Generalization of Sampling Without Replacement From a Finite Universe
Horvitz, D. G., & Thompson, D. J. (1952) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2280784 · Cited by 3,011
Causal effects in nonexperimental studies: Reevaluating the evaluation of training programs
Dehejia, R. H., & Wahba, S. (1999) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1999.10473858 · Cited by 2,395
Card, D., & Krueger, A. B. (2000) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.90.5.1397 · Cited by 2,228
Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania
Card, D., & Krueger, A. B. (1993) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w4509 · Cited by 2,072
The role of the propensity score in estimating dose-response functions
Imbens, G. W. (2000) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/87.3.706 · Cited by 1,779
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 51 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- AHCPR, “National medical expenditure survey, calendar year 1987,” Center for General Health Services Research, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Public Health Service: Rockville,MD, 1992.
- D. J. Benjamin, “Does 401(k) eligibility increase net national savings?: reducing bias in the eligibility effect estimate,” A. B. Honors Thesis in Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 1999.
- GAO (U.S. General Accounting Office), “Breast conservation versus mastectomy: patient survival in day-to-day medical practice and randomized studies,” Report #GAO-PEMD-95-9, U.S. General Accounting Office: Washington, D.C., 1995.
- G. W. Harrison, ‘Expert Report, April 27, 1998: “Health care expenditures attributable to smoking in Oklahoma,”’ The State of Oklahoma, ex rel., et al., Plaintiffs, vs. Reynolds Tobacco Co., et al., Defendants, Case No. CJ-96-1499-L, District Court of Cleveland County, Oklahoma, 1998.
- J. Hill, D. B. Rubin and N. Thomas, “The design of the New York school choice scholarship program evaluation,” in Research Designs: Inspired by the Work of Donald Campbell, (L. Bickman, ed.), Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, 155-180, 1999.
- L. Roseman, “Reducing bias in the estimate of the difference in survival in observational studies using subclassification on the propensity score,” Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Statistics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 1998.
- P. R. Rosenbaum and D. B. Rubin, “Constructing a control group using multivariate matched sampling incorporating the propensity score,” The American Statistician, 39, pp. 33-38, 1985. · DOI
- D. B. Rubin, “The use of matched sampling and regression adjustment in observational studies,” Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Statistics, Harvard University: Cambridge, MA, 1970.
- D. B. Rubin, “William, G. Cochran's contributions to the design, analysis, and evaluation of observational studies,” in W. G. Cochran's Impact on Statistics ( Rao and Sedransk, eds.), John Wiley, New York, pp. 37-69, 1984.
- D. B. Rubin, “Statistical assumptions in the estimation of the causal effects of smoking due to the conduct of the tobacco industry,” in Social Science Methodology in the New Millennium. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Logic and Methodology (J. Blasius, J. Hox, E. de Leeuw and P. Schmidt, eds.), October 6, 2000, Cologne, Germany, 1-22, 2000b.
Cited by
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Adult Outcomes of Justice Involved Indigenous Youth
Sittner, K. J., & Estes, M. L. (2023) · Race and Justice · doi:10.1177/2153368720973442 · Cited by 4
“Following the recommendations of Stuart and Rubin (2001), we first selected the matched samples without the outcomes to ensure that the propensity scores were not biased regarding the outcomes we wanted to investigate.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Rubin, D. B.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rubin, Donald B.
- ORCID
- Rubin, Donald B.
- Venue
- Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology
- Published
- 2001-12
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 169-188
- ISSN
- 1387-3741 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-9400
- OpenAlex
- W2597503617
- Cited by
- 2,228
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 174 · 2025: 193 · 2024: 196 · 2023: 175 · 2022: 172 · 2021: 166 · 2020: 173 · 2019: 163 · 2018: 123 · 2017: 100 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 77 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 4.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Health Services and Outcomes Research Methodology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
- Keywords
- propensity score, observational study design, covariate balance, matching, subclassification, weighting, diagnostic tables, treatment effect estimation, tobacco litigation, National Medical Expenditure Survey, causal inference
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