The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 44 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Beyond the Running Tally: Partisan Bias in Political Perceptions
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Political scientists have found that partisan bias effects on questionanswering accuracy [Bartels, 2002] are significantly reduced when respondents are offered a monetary bonus for correct answers [Bullock et al., 2015, Prior et al., 2015].”
From Talk Isn't Always Cheap: Understanding Failure Modes in Multi-Agent Debate (2025) · cites this paper as Bartels, 2002
In the citing paper
“A seminal finding in political behavior research is that people tend to believe that economic outcomes (e.g., GDP growth, unemployment rate) are more favorable when their party is in the White House and more unfavorable when it is out (Bartels 2002).”
From The Origins and Consequences of Affective Polarization in the United States (2019) · cites this paper as Bartels 2002
In the citing paper
“A number of studies find that partisans disagree about politically-relevant facts on topics ranging from the performance of the economy (e.g., Bartels, 2002;Scha↵ner and Roche, 2017;Bisgaard and Slothuus, 2018) to the details of health care policy (e.g., Berinsky, 2017;Nyhan, 2010).”
From Partisan Gaps in Political Information and Information-Seeking Behavior: Motivated Reasoning or Cheerleading? (2019) · cites this paper as Bartels, 2002
Citations
Cites
An Economic Theory of Democracy.
Banfield, E. C., & Downs, A. J. (1958) · Midwest Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2109186 · Cited by 18,558
The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion
Zaller, J. R. (1992) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511818691 · Cited by 7,785
The Nature and Origins of Mass Opinion.
Kenski, H. C., & Zaller, J. R. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074664 · Cited by 5,150
Eulau, H. H. F. (1960) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1952653 · Cited by 4,744
Katz, R. S. (1982) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1961197 · Cited by 2,471
Partisan Hearts and Minds: Political Parties and the Social Identities of Voters
(2003) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.40-5486 · Cited by 1,800
A Simple Theory of the Survey Response: Answering Questions versus Revealing Preferences
Zaller, J. R., & Feldman, S. (1992) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111583 · Cited by 1,624
Voting, a Study of Opinion Formation in a Presidential Campaign
Roshwalb, I., Berelson, B., Lazarsfeld, P. F., & McPhee, W. N. (1955) · Journal of Marketing · doi:10.2307/1247297 · Cited by 1,591
Specification Searches: Ad Hoc Inference with Non-Experimental Data.
Richard, J.-F., & Leamer, E. E. (1981) · Economica · doi:10.2307/2553491 · Cited by 1,127
The Role of Partisan Stereotypes in Information Processing about Political Candidates
Rahn, W. M. (1993) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.2307/2111381 · Cited by 900
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Campbell, Angus, Converse, Philip E., Miller, Warren E., and Stokes, Donald E. (1960). The American Voter. New York: John Wiley &Sons.
- Fiorina, Morris P. (1981). Retrospective Voting in American National Elections. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Leamer, Edward E. (1978). Specification Searches: Ad Hoc Inference with Nonexperimental Data. New York: John Wiley &Sons.
- Wattenberg, Martin P. (1996). The Decline of American Political Parties, 1952-1994. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,002
Partisan choices in a direct-democratic campaign
Selb, P., Kriesi, H., Hänggli, R., & Marr, M. (2009) · European Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s175577390900006x · Cited by 35
Who Do Voters Blame for Policy Failure? Information and the Partisan Assignment of Blame
Lyons, J., & Jaeger, W. P. (2014) · State Politics & Policy Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1532440014537504 · Cited by 35
Corrupted Estimates? Response Bias in Citizen Surveys on Corruption
Agerberg, M. (2020) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-020-09630-5 · Cited by 37
Preaching to the Choir? Rhetoric and Identity in a Polarized Age
Goodman, R., & Bagg, S. E. (2021) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/715171 · Cited by 32
An Experimental Test for 'Backlash' against Social Pressure Techniques Used to Mobilize Voters
Matland, R. E., & Murray, G. R. (2012) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x12463423 · Cited by 34
Explaining Misperceptions of CrimePreprint
Esberg, J., & Mummolo, J. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3208303 · Cited by 34
Cognitive Dissonance, Elections, and Religion
Margolis, M. F. (2016) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfw023 · Cited by 34
Response to Morgan: On the Role of Status Threat and Material Interests in the 2016 Election
Mutz, D. C. (2018) · Socius Sociological Research for a Dynamic World · doi:10.1177/2378023118808619 · Cited by 33
What Makes a Military Professional? Evaluating Norm Socialization in West Point Cadets
Brooks, R. A., Robinson, M. A., & Urben, H. A. (2021) · Armed Forces & Society · doi:10.1177/0095327x211026355 · Cited by 33
Does affective polarization contribute to democratic backsliding in America?
Druckman, J. N., Green, D. P., & Iyengar, S. (2023) · The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/00027162241228952 · Cited by 33
de Blok, L., van der Meer, T., & van der Brug, W. (2020) · Journal of Elections Public Opinion and Parties · doi:10.1080/17457289.2020.1780433 · Cited by 37
Natural Disasters, ‘Partisan Retrospection,’ and U.S. Presidential Elections
Heersink, B., Jenkins, J. A., Olson, M. P., & Peterson, B. D. (2020) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-020-09653-y · Cited by 35
Bayesian or biased? Analytic thinking and political belief updatingPreprint
Tappin, B. M., Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2019) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/a6euj · Cited by 34
Partisan Disagreements Arising from Rationalization of Common Information
Lauderdale, B. E. (2015) · Political Science Research and Methods · doi:10.1017/psrm.2015.51 · Cited by 32
Hajnal, Z. L. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108765039 · Cited by 32
Digging Deeper into the Gender Gap: Gender Salience as a Moderating Factor in Political Attitudes
Bittner, A., & Goodyear‐Grant, E. (2017) · Canadian Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0008423917000270 · Cited by 34
Partisanship in the #MeToo Era
Holman, M. R., & Kalmoe, N. P. (2021) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592721001912 · Cited by 33
Assimilation, contrast and voter projections of parties in left-right space
Drummond, A. J. (2010) · Party Politics · doi:10.1177/1354068810376781 · Cited by 32
A Negativity Bias in Reframing Shapes Political Preferences Even in Partisan Contexts
Boydstun, A. E., Ledgerwood, A., & Sparks, J. (2019) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550617733520 · Cited by 31
Civic Duty and Voting under Autocracy
Reuter, O. J. (2018) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/711718 · Cited by 32
An Outbreak of Selective Attribution: Partisanship and Blame in the COVID-19 Pandemic
GRAHAM, M. H., & SINGH, S. (2023) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055423000047 · Cited by 35
God and Country: The Partisan Psychology of the Presidency, Religion, and Nation
Sheets, P., Domke, D., & Greenwald, A. G. (2011) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9221.2010.00820.x · Cited by 31
Palmer, H. D., & Whitten, G. D. (2010) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2010.11.008 · Cited by 30
Revisiting The American Voter on Twitter
Le, H., Boynton, G. R., Mejova, Y., Shafiq, Z., & Srinivasan, P. (2017) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3025453.3025543 · Cited by 31
Voter Reactions to Incumbent Opportunism
Schleiter, P., & Tavits, M. (2018) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/698758 · Cited by 31
The Effect of Core Values on Support for Electoral Reform: Evidence from Two Survey Experiments
Virgin, S. G. (2021) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12658 · Cited by 18
Operational Ideology and Party Identification
Chen, P. G., & Goren, P. (2016) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912916658551 · Cited by 30
Just the Facts? Partisan Media and the Political Conditioning of Economic Perceptions
Anson, I. G. (2016) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912916648016 · Cited by 32
Hyatt, C. S., Campbell, W. K., Lynam, D. R., & Miller, J. D. (2018) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.162 · Cited by 30
Are election results more unpredictable? A forecasting test
Nadeau, R., Dassonneville, R. C., Lewis‐Beck, M. S., & Mongrain, P. (2019) · Political Science Research and Methods · doi:10.1017/psrm.2019.24 · Cited by 30
Partisan bias in inflation expectations
Bachmann, O., Gründler, K., Potrafke, N., & Seiberlich, R. R. (2019) · Public Choice · doi:10.1007/s11127-019-00741-0 · Cited by 33
Charron, N., & Annoni, P. (2020) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-020-02527-0 · Cited by 36
How Robust Is Evidence of Partisan Perceptual Bias in Survey Responses?
Yair, O., & Huber, G. A. (2020) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfaa024 · Cited by 36
Kalmoe, N. P. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108870504 · Cited by 30
Munro, G. D., & Munro, C. A. (2014) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2014.960080 · Cited by 30
Veenstra, A. S., Lyons, B. A., & Fowler-Dawson, A. (2016) · Environmental Communication · doi:10.1080/17524032.2015.1127851 · Cited by 32
Political Deepfakes Are As Credible As Other Fake Media And (Sometimes) Real Media
Barari, S., Lucas, C., & Munger, K. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/cdfh3 · Cited by 51
The Crystallization of Voter Preferences During the 2008 Presidential Campaign
Erikson, R. S., Panagopoulos, C., & Wlezien, C. B. (2010) · Presidential Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2010.03782.x · Cited by 29
Simas, E. N. (2020) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-020-09607-4 · Cited by 29
Krosnick, J. A., Malhotra, N. A., & Mittal, U. (2014) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nft080 · Cited by 29
Lawyers' Perceptions of the U.S. Supreme Court: Is the Court a “Political” Institution?
Bartels, B. L., Johnston, C. D., & Mark, A. (2015) · Law & Society Review · doi:10.1111/lasr.12154 · Cited by 29
Dead Man Walking: The Affective Roots of Issue Proximity Between Voters and Parties
Dinas, E., Hartman, E., & van Spanje, J. (2016) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-016-9331-2 · Cited by 29
Complex Thinking as a Result of Incongruent Information Exposure
Erişen, C., Redlawsk, D. P., & Erişen, E. (2017) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x17725864 · Cited by 30
Collision with Collusion: Partisan Reaction to the Trump-Russia Scandal
Darr, J., Kalmoe, N. P., Searles, K., Sui, M., Pingree, R. J., Watson, B. K., Bryanov, K., & Santia, M. (2019) · Perspectives on Politics · doi:10.1017/s1537592719001075 · Cited by 29
Patkós, V. (2022) · Quality & Quantity · doi:10.1007/s11135-022-01350-8 · Cited by 37
Context Matters: Economic Voting in the 2009 and 2014 European Parliament Elections
Okolikj, M., & Quinlan, S. (2016) · Politics and Governance · doi:10.17645/pag.v4i1.458 · Cited by 32
The Persistence of Political Partisanship: Evidence from 9/11Preprint
Kaplan, E. D., & MUKAND, S. W. (2011) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 29
Partisanship in Loan PricingPreprint
Dagostino, R., Gao, J., & Ma, P. (2020) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3701230 · Cited by 29
Sorace, M. (2021) · Politics · doi:10.1177/0263395721991403 · Cited by 30
Advances in Public Opinion and Policy Attitudes Research
Bachner, J., & Hill, K. W. (2014) · Policy Studies Journal · doi:10.1111/psj.12052 · Cited by 29
A Trump Effect? Women and the 2018 Midterm Elections
Lawless, J. L., & Fox, R. L. (2018) · The Forum · doi:10.1515/for-2018-0038 · Cited by 34
The Impact of Voter Education on Voter Confidence: Evidence from the 2020 U.S. Presidential Election
Suttmann-Lea, M., & Merivaki, T. (2023) · Election Law Journal Rules Politics and Policy · doi:10.1089/elj.2022.0055 · Cited by 28
Clarity of responsibility and economic evaluations
Parker-Stephen, E. (2013) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2013.05.006 · Cited by 28
Munro, G. D., Lasane, T. P., & Leary, S. P. (2010) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00665.x · Cited by 29
Guirola, L. M. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3918380 · Cited by 37
Priming under Fire: Reverse Causality and the Classic Media Priming Hypothesis
Hart, A. R., & Middleton, J. A. (2014) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381613001539 · Cited by 27
Responsive Partisanship: Public Support for the Clinton and Obama Health Care Plans
Kriner, D. L., & Reeves, A. (2014) · Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law · doi:10.1215/03616878-2743015 · Cited by 27
Temporal Selective Exposure: How Partisans Choose When to Follow Politics
Kim, J. W., & Kim, E. (2021) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-021-09690-1 · Cited by 31
How to Distinguish Motivated Reasoning from Bayesian Updating
Little, A. T. (2025) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-024-09999-7 · Cited by 33
Red Counties, Blue Counties, and Occupational Segregation by Sex and Race
McVeigh, R., & Sobolewski, J. M. (2007) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/518872 · Cited by 27
Spin (and Pitch) Doctors: Campaign Strategies in Televised Political Debates
Norton, M. I., & Goethals, G. R. (2004) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1023/b:pobe.0000043454.25971.6a · Cited by 27
How State Responses to Economic Crisis Shape Income Inequality and Financial Well-Being
Franko, W. W. (2020) · State Politics & Policy Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1532440020919806 · Cited by 28
Partisan expectations and COVID-era inflation
Binder, C. C., Kamdar, R., & Ryngaert, J. (2024) · Journal of Monetary Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2024.103649 · Cited by 30
Affect versus cognition: Wishful thinking on election day
Stiers, D., & Dassonneville, R. C. (2018) · International Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1016/j.ijforecast.2017.12.001 · Cited by 26
The fact remains: Party ID moderates how voters respond to economic change
Bailey, J. (2019) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2019.102071 · Cited by 26
Woessner, M., & Kelly‐Woessner, A. (2020) · PS Political Science & Politics · doi:10.1017/s1049096520000396 · Cited by 29
Partisanship, Information, and the Conditional Effects of Scandal on Voting Decisions
Funck, A. S., & McCabe, K. T. (2021) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-020-09670-x · Cited by 26
Moving Pictures? Experimental Evidence of Cinematic Influence on Political Attitudes
Adkins, T., & Castle, J. J. (2013) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/ssqu.12070 · Cited by 26
Affective Evaluations of First Ladies: A Comparison of Hillary Clinton and Laura Bush
Sulfaro, V. A. (2007) · Presidential Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2007.02608.x · Cited by 26
Conditional Motivated Reasoning
Dickerson, B. T., & Ondercin, H. L. (2016) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912916684031 · Cited by 26
Political Psychology and Choice
Mutz, D. C. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199270125.003.0005 · Cited by 26
Partisan Bias in Political Judgment
Ditto, P. H., Celniker, J. B., Siddiqi, S. S., Güngör, M., & Relihan, D. P. (2025) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-030424-122723 · Cited by 25
Schaffner, F. (2020) · Political Studies · doi:10.1177/0032321719891845 · Cited by 25
The Macro Sort of the State Electorates
Wright, G., & Birkhead, N. A. (2014) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912914522130 · Cited by 26
From Fistfights to Firefights: Trait Aggression and Support for State Violence
Kalmoe, N. P. (2012) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-012-9195-z · Cited by 25
Electoral effects of candidate valence
Nyhuis, D. (2016) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2016.01.007 · Cited by 25
The effects of party identification on perceptions of pledge fulfilment: Evidence from Portugal
Belchior, A. M. (2018) · International Political Science Review · doi:10.1177/0192512118791298 · Cited by 25
Motta, M., Ralston, R., & Spindel, J. E. (2020) · Environmental Communication · doi:10.1080/17524032.2020.1799836 · Cited by 25
Why Don't Partisans Sanction Electoral Malpractice?
Aarslew, L. F. (2022) · British Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1017/s0007123422000126 · Cited by 28
Non-Policy Politics: Richer Voters, Poorer Voters, and the Diversification of Electoral Strategies
Calvo, E. F., & Murillo, M. V. (2019) · Cited by 25
Polls and Elections: The Polarized Presidency: Depth and Breadth of Public Partisanship
Newman, B., & SIEGLE, E. (2010) · Presidential Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2010.03756.x · Cited by 25
Hayes, T. J. (2013) · Social Science Quarterly · doi:10.1111/ssqu.12015 · Cited by 24
Knowledge Persists, Opinions Drift: Learning and Opinion Change in a Three-Wave Panel Experiment
Dowling, C. M., Henderson, M., & Miller, M. G. (2019) · American Politics Research · doi:10.1177/1532673x19832543 · Cited by 25
Christenson, D. P., & Weisberg, H. F. (2019) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2019.03.008 · Cited by 29
Political Corruption and Partisan Engagement: Evidence from Brazil
Winters, M. S., & Weitz-Shapiro, R. B. (2015) · Journal of Politics in Latin America · doi:10.1177/1866802x1500700102 · Cited by 24
Misperceptions in Polarized Politics: The Role of Knowledge, Religiosity, and Media
Cacciatore, M. A., Yeo, S. K., Scheufele, D. A., Xenos, M. A., Choi, D.-H., Brossard, D., Becker, A. B., & Corley, E. A. (2014) · PS Political Science & Politics · doi:10.1017/s1049096514000791 · Cited by 24
Citizen Forecasts of the 2008 U . S . Presidential Election
Miller, M. K., Wang, G., Kulkarni, S. R., Poor, H. V., & Osherson, D. N. (2012) · Politics & Policy · doi:10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00394.x · Cited by 27
Government Partisanship and Property Rights: Cross‐Country Firm‐Level Evidence
Weymouth, S. J., & Broz, J. L. (2013) · Economics and Politics · doi:10.1111/ecpo.12011 · Cited by 25
Separated by Politics? Disentangling the Dimensions of Discrimination
Theodoridis, A. G., Goggin, S. N., & Deichert, M. (2022) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-022-09809-y · Cited by 25
Political Representation as Communicative Practice
Wolkenstein, F., & Wratil, C. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009416092 · Cited by 22
McKenzie, M. J. (2011) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912911421012 · Cited by 23
Communication Modalities and Political Knowledge
Eveland, W. P., & Garrett, R. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199793471.013.018 · Cited by 23
Cortina, J. (2019) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912919854135 · Cited by 25
Sances, M., & Clinton, J. D. (2020) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1086/710085 · Cited by 24
Partisan Fertility and Presidential Elections
Dahl, G. B., Lu, R., & Mullins, W. (2022) · American Economic Review Insights · doi:10.1257/aeri.20210485 · Cited by 23
Adaptively Rational Retrospective Voting
Bendor, J. B., Kumar, S., & Siegel, D. A. (2010) · Journal of Theoretical Politics · doi:10.1177/0951629809347581 · Cited by 23
Revisiting the Political Theory of Party Identification
Weinschenk, A. C. (2010) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-009-9105-1 · Cited by 23
When heuristics go bad: Citizens' misevaluations of campaign pledge fulfilment
Pétry, F., & Duval, D. (2017) · Electoral Studies · doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2017.09.010 · Cited by 23
Gender, Partisanship, and Issue Gaps
Lizotte, M. (2017) · Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy · doi:10.1111/asap.12144 · Cited by 23
Bochsler, D., & Hänni, M. (2018) · European Journal of Political Research · doi:10.1111/1475-6765.12269 · Cited by 25
Metadata
- Authors
- Bartels, L. M.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bartels, Larry M.
- ORCID
- Bartels, Larry M.
- Venue
- Political Behavior
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 117-150
- ISSN
- 0190-9320 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6687
- OpenAlex
- W178177854
- Cited by
- 1,468
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 72 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 128 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 106 · 2017: 91 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 82 · 2013: 67 · 2012: 56
- FWCI
- 58.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Political Behavior (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Media Influence and Politics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Political Theory and Democracy
- Keywords
- partisan bias, party identification, partisan loyalty, political perception, opinion change, partisan polarization, Democrats and Republicans, political attitudes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review