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Intelligence without representation – Merleau-Ponty's critique of mental representation The relevance of phenomenology to scientific explanation
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“In this feedback loop, the agent aims toward a more coherent understanding of the situation, the maximal grip (Merleau-Ponty, 1945). In this process, the agent continually adjusts its posture, attention, and movements to bring the situation into sharper focus, both perceptually and motorically.”
From Toward Enactive Artificial Intelligence (2026) · cites this paper as Dreyfus, 2002
In the citing paper
“In other words, it serves to constrain the vast space of possible generalizations: in a world where everything could resemble everything else in countless ways, the agent's goals and needs filter which similarities are relevant (Dreyfus, 2002).”
From Toward Enactive Artificial Intelligence (2026) · cites this paper as Dreyfus, 2002
In the citing paper
“In this way, the body does not simply constrain what can be perceived, but provides a structure for understanding the world in terms of action-relevant similarities (Dreyfus, 2002).”
From Toward Enactive Artificial Intelligence (2026) · cites this paper as Dreyfus, 2002
In the citing paper
“These refinements are not guided by explicit reasoning but by a bodily sense of tension when the current state deviates from an optimal relation, and by the felt relief that comes with moving closer to that optimal state.”
From Toward Enactive Artificial Intelligence (2026) · cites this paper as Dreyfus, 2002
Citations
Cites
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Dreyfus, H. L., Dreyfus, S. E., Athanasiou, E., & Tom (1986) · Cited by 1,567
Self-citationFreeman, W. J. (1991) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0291-78 · Cited by 905
Hubert Dreyfus, what computers still can't do
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Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Husserl, E. 1989. Ideas Pertaining to a Pure Phenomenology and to a Phenomenological Philosophy, Second Book: Studies in the Phenomenology of Constitution, trans. Richard Rojcewicz and André Schuwer. Collected Works: Volume 3. The Hague: Kluwer Academic.
- Todes, S. 2001. Body and Word. Cambridge: MIT Press.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Dreyfus, H. L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dreyfus, Hubert L.
- Venue
- Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 367-383
- ISSN
- 1568-7759 (ISSN-L)
- 1572-8676
- OpenAlex
- W324585127
- Cited by
- 569
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 31 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 2.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Keywords
- Merleau-Ponty, phenomenology of perception, mental representation, embodied cognition, skill acquisition, learning, scientific explanation, artificial neural networks, Walter Freeman, brain dynamics, perception and action, body and world
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