Selective Inhibition in Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Off and On Stimulant Medication
Abstract
Selective inhibition requires discrimination between auditory signals and is assessed using a modification of the stop-signal task. Selective inhibition was assessed in a group of 59 clinic-referred, DSM-IV-diagnosed children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and compared to that of a community sample of 59 children. Methylphenidate (MPH) effects on selective inhibition were assessed in a subset of the ADHD sample that participated in an acute, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial with 3 fixed doses of MPH. Children with ADHD performed more poorly than controls on the majority of selective stop-signal task parameters: they exhibited more anticipatory (invalid) responses, with less accurate and more variable responses on the response execution task, as well as a slower selective inhibition process. MPH improved speed of both inhibition and response execution processes; it also reduced variability of response execution and decreased nonselective inhibition. On the one hand, findings are consistent with purported inhibition deficit in ADHD, but on the other hand, suggest that neither the impairment itself, nor MPH effects, were restricted to inhibition.
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MPH reduces ADHD symptoms and has been found to increase inhibition abilities in children with ADHD.
“MPH reduces ADHD symptoms (Jensen et al., 2001) and has been found to increase inhibition abilities in children with ADHD (Bedard et al., 2003).”
From Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD (2008) · cites this paper as Bedard et al., 2003
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- Authors
- Bedard, A.-C., Ickowicz, A., Logan, G. D., Hogg-Johnson, S., Schachar, R., & Tannock, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Hospital for Sick Children (CA)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tannock, Rosemary
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 315-327
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W61740737
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r01hd031714-01a2)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD31714)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, selective inhibition, stop-signal task, methylphenidate, stimulant medication, response inhibition, response execution, response variability, children
- MeSH terms
- Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Discrimination, Psychological, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Methylphenidate, Psychopathology, Cross-Over Studies
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