Reinforcement and stimulant medication ameliorate deficient response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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This study examined the degree to which reinforcement, stimulant medication, and their combination impact response inhibition in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Across three studies, participants with ADHD (n = 111, 25 girls) and typically-developing (TD) controls (n = 33, 6 girls) completed a standard version of the stop signal task (SST) and/or a reinforcement-manipulation SST with performance-contingent points. In two of these studies, these tasks were performed under placebo or 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg methylphenidate (MPH) conditions. Cross-study comparisons were conducted to test hypotheses regarding the separate and combined effects of reinforcement and methylphenidate on response inhibition among children with ADHD relative to TD controls. Baseline response inhibition was worse among children with ADHD compared to controls. MPH produced dose-related improvements in response inhibition in children with ADHD; compared to non-medicated TD controls, 0.3 mg/kg MPH normalized deficient response inhibition, and 0.6 mg/kg MPH resulted in better inhibition in children with ADHD. Reinforcement improved response inhibition to a greater extent for children with ADHD than for TD children, normalizing response inhibition. The combination of MPH and reinforcement improved response inhibition among children with ADHD compared to reinforcement alone and MPH alone, also resulting in normalization of response inhibition despite repeated task exposure. Deficient response inhibition commonly observed in children with ADHD is significantly improved with MPH and/or reinforcement, normalizing inhibition relative to TD children tested under standard conditions.
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Stimulant medication can independently improve response inhibition performance on the SSRT.
“it is important to note that stimulant medication can independently improve RI performance on the SSRT (Boonstra et al., 2005; Rosch et al., 2016)”
From Response Inhibition in Youth Undergoing Intensive Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (2023) · cites this paper as Rosch et al., 2016
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Response Inhibition in Youth Undergoing Intensive Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Conelea, C. A., Morris, S., McLaughlin, N., Mamaril, E., Benito, K., Case, B., & Garcia, A. (2023) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2022.100764 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rosch, K. S., Fosco, W. D., Pelham, W. E., Waxmonsky, J. G., Bubnik, M. G., & Hawk, L. W.
- Affiliations
- Kennedy Krieger Institute (US)
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York (US)
- Florida International University (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rosch, Keri S.
- Hawk, Larry W.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2015-05-20
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 309-321
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- PMC
- PMC4654720
- OpenAlex
- W307359510
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 4.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute
- Institute of Education Sciences
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA011873, AA 11873, R37AA011873, R56AA011873)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH65899, R01MH069434, MH062946, MH62946, R01MH062946, MH 69434, R34MH078051, R01MH065899, MH069614, R01MH053554, R34MH080791, MH080791, MH 78051, R01MH069614, K23MH101322, MH-53554)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA12414, R01DA012414)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-39087, R01NS039087)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, response inhibition, reinforcement, methylphenidate, stimulant medication, stop-signal task, children, dose-response relationship, combination therapy, inhibitory control
- MeSH terms
- Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Methylphenidate, Reinforcement, Psychology, Treatment Outcome, Delay Discounting, Prepulse Inhibition
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