Dependence and independence in responding to double stimulation: A comparison of stop, change, and dual-task paradigms.
Abstract
When a letter and a tone are presented in rapid succession, there is substantial interference if both require an overt response (the dual-task paradigm), but there is very little interference if the tone is a signal to inhibit the response to the letter (the slopping paradigm). These effects were replicated under common stimulus conditions in two experiments, and they were compared with effects in a change paradigm, in which the tone required an overt response, like the dual-task paradigm, but was also a signal to inhibit the response to the letter, like the stopping paradigm. In the change paradigm, the overt response to the tone suffered interference only if subjects failed to inhibit the concurrent response to the letter; inhibiting the response to the letter virtually eliminated the interference. The results suggest that differences in response competition are primarily responsible for differences in interference between the dual-task and stopping paradigms. More generally, the results support response-competition interpretations of dual-task interference. In a typical dual-task experiment, people are presented with two stimuli in rapid succession and are required to respond to each stimulus as quickly as possible. Typically, there is substantial interference between the two tasks, particularly when the
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Adaptive training in conflict resolution tasks improves performance in other tasks also thought to require conflict resolution mechanisms.
“indicating that adaptive training in conflict resolution tasks improves performance in other tasks also thought to require conflict resolution mechanisms”
From Training on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in Young Adults (2016) · cites this paper as Logan and Burkell, 1986
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“The countermanding race model has been successfully applied to stop-signal and change signal task performance (e.g., Colonius et al., 2001; De Jong, Coles, Logan, & Gratton, 1990; Logan & Burkell, 1986).”
MethodSelf-citationThe pure electrophysiology of stopping
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“Since findings of stochastic non-independence have been reported previously (Logan and Burkell, 1986; McGarry et al., 2003) and ADJAR perfectly removed distorting overlap from simulation data for which the expected output was known, we see no reason to suspect inadequacy of ADJAR.”
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Self-citationHow to stop and change a response: The role of goal activation in multitasking.
Verbruggen, F., Schneider, D. W., & Logan, G. D. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.34.5.1212 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“As we discussed above, different inhibitory mechanisms may be involved in the stop-signal and stop-change paradigms (Band & van Boxtel, 1999; De Jong et al., 1995; Logan & Burkell, 1986 ).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationFishbein, D. H., Krupitsky, E. M., Flannery, B., Langevin, D. J., Bobashev, G., Verbitskaya, E. V., Augustine, C., Bolla, K. I., Zvartau, E. E., Schech, B., et al. (2007) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.015 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Jahfari, S., Verbruggen, F., Frank, M. J., Waldorp, L., Colzato, L. S., Ridderinkhof, K. R., & Forstmann, B. U. (2012) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0902-12.2012 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Zandbelt, B. B., Bloemendaal, M., Bas‐Hoogendam, J. M., Kahn, R. S., & Vink, M. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00309 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Does motor programming necessitate response execution?
Osman, A. M., Kornblum, S., & Meyer, D. E. (1990) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.16.1.183 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Neural and behavioral mechanisms of proactive and reactive inhibitionPreprint
Meyer, H. C., & Bucci, D. J. (2016) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.040501.115 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Vink, M., Zandbelt, B. B., Gladwin, T., Hillegers, M., Hoogendam, J. M., van den Wildenberg, W. P. M., Du Plessis, S., & Kahn, R. S. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22483 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
To act or not to act, that’s the problem: Primarily inhibition difficulties in adult ADHD.
Boonstra, A. M., Kooij, J. J. S., Oosterlaan, J., Sergeant, J. A., & Buitelaar, J. K. (2010) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0017670 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
The relationship of working memory, inhibition, and response variability in child psychopathology
Verté, S., Geurts, H. M., Roeyers, H., Oosterlaan, J., & Sergeant, J. A. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.08.023 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Inhibitory control in mind and brain 2.0: Blocked-input models of saccadic countermanding.
Logan, G. D., Yamaguchi, M., Schall, J. D., & Palmeri, T. J. (2015) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/a0038893 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationBrydges, C. R., Clunies‐Ross, K. L., Clohessy, M., Lo, Z. L., Nguyen, A. T., Rousset, C., Whitelaw, P., Yeap, Y. J., & Fox, A. M. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034482 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Selective stopping? Maybe not.
Bissett, P. G., & Logan, G. D. (2013) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0032122 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“This aligns with previous results showing that RT increases with the probability of a stop signal (Bissett & Logan, 2011; Logan, 1981; Logan & Burkell, 1986).”
ResultSelf-citationOosterlaan, J., Logan, G. D., & Sergeant, J. A. (1998) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00336 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationStopping and changing in adults with ADHD
BEKKER, E. M., OVERTOOM, C. C., KENEMANS, J. L., KOOIJ, J. J., DE NOORD, I., BUITELAAR, J. K., & VERBATEN, M. N. (2005) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291704003459 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“In line with findings obtained from healthy adults (Logan & Burkell, 1986; De Jong et al .”
InfluentialTraining on Working Memory and Inhibitory Control in Young Adults
Maraver, M. J., Bajo, M. T., & Gomez-Ariza, C. J. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00588 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Levy, J. L., & Pashler, H. (2007) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1378 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Inhibitory Breakdown and Dementia of the Alzheimer Type: A General Phenomenon?
Amieva, H., Lafont, S., Auriacombe, S., Carret, N. L., Dartigues, J., Orgogozo, J., & Fabrigoule, C. (2002) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.24.4.503.1034 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Hübner, R., & Druey, M. D. (2005) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-005-0219-8 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Acquisition, Representation, and Control of Action
Hommel, B., & Elsner, B. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195309980.003.0018 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Matzke, D., Verbruggen, F., & Logan, G. D. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119170174.epcn510 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment and test of a task level model of motivational job design.
Wong, C., & Campion, M. A. (1991) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.76.6.825 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
The Ability to Activate and Inhibit Speeded Responses: Separate Developmental Trends
Band, G. P. H., van der Molen, M. W., Overtoom, C. C. E., & Verbaten, M. N. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Child Psychology · doi:10.1006/jecp.1999.2538 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Are hyperactive children deficient in attentional capacity?
Schachar, R. J., & Logan, G. D. (1990) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/bf00911104 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Adults usually protect their response to the primary task (Logan & Burkell, 1986; Herman & Kantowitz, 1970; Posner & Boies, 1971), concentrating the interference on the response to the tone.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMaturation of Cognitive Control: Delineating Response Inhibition and Interference Suppression
Brydges, C. R., Anderson, M. B., Reid, C. L., & Fox, A. M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069826 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Cease remembering: Control processes in directed forgetting.
Hourihan, K. L., & Taylor, T. L. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.32.6.1354 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Inhibition of thoughts and actions in obsessive-compulsive disorder: extending the endophenotype?
Morein-Zamir, S., Fineberg, N. A., Robbins, T. W., & Sahakian, B. J. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170999033x · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Fishbein, D., Miller, S., Herman-Stahl, M., Williams, J., Lavery, B., Markovitz, L., Kluckman, M., Mosoriak, G., & Johnson, M. (2016) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0231-6 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Fishbein, D. H., Warner, T. D., Krebs, C., Trevarthen, N., Flannery, B., & Hammond, J. A. (2008) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559508326355 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Cunillera, T., Fuentemilla, L., Brignani, D., Cucurell, D., & Miniussi, C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113537 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Error-Likelihood Prediction in the Medial Frontal Cortex: A Critical Evaluation
Nieuwenhuis, S., Schweizer, T. S., Mars, R. B., Botvinick, M., & Hajcak, G. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhl068 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Proactive and reactive control by the medial frontal cortex
Stuphorn, V., & Emeric, E. E. (2012) · Frontiers in Neuroengineering · doi:10.3389/fneng.2012.00009 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“…observed across experimental conditions and response modalities that subjects’response times tend to increase in the context of the stop signal task relative to that in simple response time tasks (e.g., Logan, 1981; Logan and Burkell, 1986; van den Wildenberg et al., 2003; Mirabella et al., 2006).”
BackgroundSevere violations of independence in response inhibition tasks
Bissett, P. G., Jones, H. M., Poldrack, R. A., & Logan, G. D. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf4355 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationBissett, P. G., Hagen, M. P., Jones, H. M., & Poldrack, R. A. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.60185 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Evidence for capacity sharing when stopping
Verbruggen, F., & Logan, G. D. (2015) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2015.05.014 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Logan, G. D., & Burkell, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- ORCID
- Logan, Gordon D.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
- Published
- 1986
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 549-563
- ISSN
- 0096-1523 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1277
- OpenAlex
- W1971052805
- Cited by
- 280
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (8510365)
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Keywords
- dual-task interference, response competition, response inhibition, response-dependence, overt response
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