Significance of Childhood Conduct Problems to Later Development of Conduct Disorder Among Children With ADHD: A Prospective Follow-Up Study
Abstract
This study investigates whether low to moderate levels of childhood oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) behaviors contribute to the development of clinically diagnosed CD in adolescence, in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants were 207 White boys (ages 6-12) with ADHD free of conduct disorder diagnoses. Parent and teacher ratings were obtained. Participants were assessed at mean age 18 by clinicians blind to childhood status. A non-ADHD group (recruited in adolescence) was also studied. ODD behavior ratings did not predict CD in adolescence, whereas CD behavior ratings did. No single ODD or CD behavior predicted adolescent outcome. ADHD probands with very low ratings (Not at all, Just a little) by parents and teachers on all CD behaviors were still at significantly increased risk for CD in adolescence, compared to non-ADHD controls. The same relationships were found between childhood ODD and CD behaviors, and antisocial personality disorder in adulthood (mean age, 25). We conclude that childhood ADHD is a developmental precursor of later antisocial disorder, even in the absence of comorbid ODD or CD in childhood. However, low levels of CD-type problems are not innocuous, because they predict later CD among children with ADHD without comorbid CD.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In this sample, severity of childhood conduct problems predicted later antisocial personality disorder (39).
“Such a possibility seemed viable since, even in this sample with very low conduct problems, we found that severity of such problems predicted later antisocial personality disorder (39).”
From Age of methylphenidate treatment initiation in children with ADHD and later substance abuse: prospective follow-up into adulthood. (2008) · cites this paper as [39]
Cites
Depression and quality of life in older persons: A review
Sivertsen, H., Bjørkløf, G. H., Engedal, K., Selbæk, G., & Helvik, A.-S. (2015) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders · doi:10.1159/000437299 · Cited by 14,152 · see citing works
Mannuzza, S. (1993) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820190067007 · Cited by 1,368 · see citing works
Self-citationHyperactive Boys Almost Grown Up: I. Psychiatric Status
Gittelman, R. (1985) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1985.01790330017002 · Cited by 977 · see citing works
WEISS, G., HECHTMAN, L., MILROY, T., & PERLMAN, T. (1985) · Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60450-7 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Hyperactive Boys Almost Grown Up: V. Replication of Psychiatric Status
Mannuzza, S. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810250079012 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Self-citationLilienfeld, S. O., & Waldman, I. D. (1990) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(90)90076-m · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Live fast, die young? A review on the developmental trajectories of ADHD across the lifespan
Franke, B., Michelini, G., Asherson, P., Banaschewski, T., Bilbow, A., Buitelaar, J. K., Cormand, B., Faraone, S. V., Ginsberg, Y., Haavik, J., et al. (2018) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.08.001 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Clinical and Functional Outcome of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder 33 Years Later
Klein, R. G., Mannuzza, S., Olazagasti, M. A. R., Roizen, E., Hutchison, J. A., Lashua, E. C., & Castellanos, F. X. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.271 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Self-citationTelevision and video game exposure and the development of attention problems
Swing, E. L., Gentile, D. A., Anderson, C. A., & Walsh, D. A. (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1508 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and children's emotion dysregulation: A meta-analysis.
Graziano, P. A., & Garcia, A. (2016) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.011 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Sonuga‐Barke, E. J. S., & Halperin, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02195.x · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Biederman, J., Petty, C. R., Dolan, C., Hughes, S., Mick, E., Monuteaux, M. C., & Faraone, S. V. (2008) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291707002668 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Mannuzza, S., Klein, R. G., Truong, N. L., Moulton, J. L., Roizen, E. R., Howell, K. H., & Castellanos, F. X. (2008) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07091465 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Self-citationJacob, C. P., Romanos, J., Dempfle, A., Heine, M., Windemuth-Kieselbach, C., Kruse, A., Reif, A., Walitza, S., Romanos, M., Strobel, A., et al. (2007) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-007-0722-6 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
A 30-Year Prospective Follow-up Study of Hyperactive Boys With Conduct Problems
SATTERFIELD, J. H., FALLER, K. J., CRINELLA, F. M., SCHELL, A. M., SWANSON, J. M., & HOMER, L. D. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318033ff59 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Emotional processing in male adolescents with childhood-onset conduct disorder
Herpertz, S. C., Huebner, T., Marx, I., Vloet, T. D., Fink, G. R., Stoecker, T., Jon Shah, N., Konrad, K., & Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01905.x · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Early detection and intervention for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Koerting, J., Smith, E., McCann, D. C., & Thompson, M. (2011) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.11.39 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Risky behavior in gambling tasks in individuals with ADHD–a systematic literature review
Groen, Y., Gaastra, G. F., Lewis-Evans, B., & Tucha, O. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0074909 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Ramos Olazagasti, M. A., Klein, R. G., Mannuzza, S., Belsky, E. R., Hutchison, J. A., Lashua-Shriftman, E. C., & Xavier Castellanos, F. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.11.012 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationMartin, N. C., Levy, F., Pieka, J., & Hay, D. A. (2006) · International Journal of Disability, Development and Education · doi:10.1080/10349120500509992 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Ruisch, I. H., Dietrich, A., Glennon, J. C., Buitelaar, J. K., & Hoekstra, P. J. (2019) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-018-0964-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mannuzza, S., Klein, R. G., Abikoff, H., & Moulton III, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research (US)
- NYU Langone Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mannuzza, Salvatore
- ORCID
- Abikoff, Howard
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2004-10
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 565-573
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W2045744660
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-18579, R01MH018579)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Keywords
- child conduct problems, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, antisocial personality disorder, adolescence, developmental precursors, comorbidities
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Age Factors, Antisocial Personality Disorder, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Developmental Disabilities, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Comorbidity, Logistic Models, Conduct Disorder, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
