Relationship with God and the Quality of Life of Prostate Cancer Survivors
Abstract
This study explored the role of relationship with God with respect to the quality of life of men with prostate cancer. Thirty-four men with prostate cancer completed questionnaires on demographic and illness factors, aspects of relationship with God (e.g., God image), nonreligious resources (e.g., optimism) and physical, social and emotion functioning. Results showed that relationship with God was a significant factor in the prediction of role, emotional and social functioning for these men after controlling for age, reported severity of treatment reactions and nonreligious resources. Notably, different aspects of relationship with God (e.g., causal attribution) evidenced different associations with functioning and the nonreligious resource of perceived health control. Such results suggest that relationship with God may function in a complex manner as a resource in coping with prostate cancer. Longitudinal research is needed to clarify the role of religious/spiritual resources in the short- and long-term quality of life of men with prostate cancer.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Many studies suggest PRC is associated with better emotional, interpersonal, and global functioning, better overall quality of life, and greater growth.
“Many studies suggest that PRC is associated with better emotional, interpersonal, and global functioning (Agarwal et al., 2010; Gall, 2004), better overall quality of life (Tarakeshwar et al., 2006), and greater growth (Urcuyo et al., 2005).”
From Advancing our understanding of religion and spirituality in the context of behavioral medicine (2017) · cites this paper as Gall, 2004
Cites
SF-36 health survey: Manual and interpretation guide
Ware, J. (2003) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,424 · see citing works
Scheier, M. F., Carver, C. S., & Bridges, M. W. (1994) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.67.6.1063 · Cited by 7,456 · see citing works
Development of the multidimensional health locus of control (MHLC) scales
Wallston, K. A., Strudler Wallston, B., & DeVellis, R. (1978) · Health Education Monographs · doi:10.1177/109019817800600107 · Cited by 3,373 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Health Locus of Control Beliefs is a scale derived from the factor analysis conducted by Marshall [65] of items drawn from existing health locus of control scales (e.g., MHLC [66]), as well as newly developed items.”
BackgroundPatterns of Positive and Negative Religious Coping with Major Life Stressors
Pargament, K. I., Smith, B. W., Koenig, H. G., & Perez, L. (1998) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1388152 · Cited by 2,425 · see citing works
Carver, C. S., Pozo-Kaderman, C., Harris, S. D., Noriega, V., Scheier, M. F., Robinson, D. S., Ketcham, A. S., Moffat, F. L., & Clark, K. C. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.65.2.375 · Cited by 1,739 · see citing works
The Psychology of Religion and Coping
Mcfadden, S., & Pargament, K. (1997) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1387534 · Cited by 1,597 · see citing works
Stress, Coping, and Development: An Integrative Perspective
Aldwin, C. M. (1994) · Cited by 1,250 · see citing works
Carver, C. S., Pozo, C., Harris, S. D., Noriega, V., Scheier, M. F., Robinson, D. S., Ketcham, A. S., Moffat, F. L., & Clark, K. C. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.375 · Cited by 1,228 · see citing works
Wilkinson, E. (2002) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(02)00737-4 · Cited by 951 · see citing works
Pargäment, K. I., Ensing, D. S., Falgout, K., Olsen, H., Reilly, B., Haitsma, K. S. V., & Warren, R. (1990) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00938065 · Cited by 717 · see citing works
Religion and health: Is there an association, is it valid, and is it causal?
Levin, J. S. (1994) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90109-0 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Religious coping and depression among elderly, hospitalized medically ill men
(1992) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.149.12.1693 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
Oxman, T. E., Freeman, D. H., & Manheimer, E. D. (1995) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199501000-00002 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
God Image as a Function of Self-Esteem and Locus of Control
Benson, P., & Spilka, B. (1973) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1384430 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
The Stress-Buffering Role of Spiritual Support: Cross-Sectional and Prospective Investigations
Matón, K. I. (1989) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1386742 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Quality of life in adult survivors of lung, colon and prostate cancer
Schag, C. A. C., Ganz, P. A., Wing, D., Sim, M., & Lee, J. J. (1994) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/bf00435256 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Talcott, J. A., Rieker, P. P., Clark, J. A., Propert, K. J., Weeks, J. C., Beard, C. J., Wishnow, K. I., Kaplan, I. D., Loughlin, K. R., Richie, J. P., et al. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1998.16.1.275 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Social Constraints, Intrusive Thoughts, and Mental Health after Prostate Cancer
Lepore, S. J., & Helgeson, V. S. (1998) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.1998.17.1.89 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
The Relationship between Religious Activities and Blood Pressure in Older Adults
Koenig, H. G., George, L. K., Hays, J. C., Larson, D. B., Cohen, H. J., & Blazer, D. G. (1998) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/75jm-j234-5jkn-4dqd · Cited by 284 · see citing works
The Psychology of Gender Differences in Religion: A Review of Empirical Research
Francis, L. J. (1997) · Religion · doi:10.1006/reli.1996.0066 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Religion and Spirituality as Resources for Coping with Cancer
Jenkins, R. A., & Pargäment, K. I. (1995) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1300/j077v13n01_04 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Religious and nonreligious coping with the death of a friend
Park, C. L., & Cohen, L. H. (1993) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01176079 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
The role of religion in medical rehabilitation outcomes: A longitudinal study.
Fitchett, G. A., Rybarczyk, B. D., DeMarco, G. A., & Nicholas, J. J. (1999) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/0090-5550.44.4.333 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Stress-Related Growth and Thriving Through Coping: The Roles of Personality and Cognitive Processes
Park, C. L. (1998) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01218.x · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Is religion therapeutically significant for hypertension?
Levin, J. S., & Vanderpool, H. Y. (1989) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(89)90129-9 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Religion in patients with advanced cancer
Yates, J. W., Chalmer, B. J., James, P. S., Follansbee, M., & McKegney, F. P. (1981) · Medical and Pediatric Oncology · doi:10.1002/mpo.2950090204 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Spiritual Well‐Being, Religiousness and Hope Among Women With Breast Cancer
Mickley, J. R., Soeken, K. L., & Belcher, A. E. (1992) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.1992.tb00732.x · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Pargäment, K. I., Olsen, H., Reilly, B., Falgout, K., Ensing, D. S., & Haitsma, K. S. V. (1992) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1386859 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Measuring the Image of God: The God Image Inventory and the God Image Scales
Lawrence, R. T. (1997) · Journal of Psychology and Theology · doi:10.1177/009164719702500206 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
God and the Just World: Causal and Coping Attributions to God in Health Situations
Pargäment, K. I., & Hahn, J. (1986) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1385476 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Pargäment, K. I., & Brant, C. R. (1998) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012417645-4/50075-4 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Spiritual Well-Being and Anxiety in Adults Diagnosed with Cancer
Kaczorowski, J. M. (1989) · The Hospice Journal · doi:10.1080/0742-969x.1989.11882658 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Depressive Symptoms and Other Psychosocial Factors as Predictors of Stroke in the Elderly
Colantonio, A., Kasl, S. V., & Ostfeld, A. M. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/136.7.884 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Ai, A. L., Dunkle, R. E., Peterson, C., & Boiling, S. F. (1998) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/38.5.591 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
The Conceptualization of God as Seen in Adjective Ratings
Gorsuch, R. L. (1968) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1385110 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Re-creating your life: a spiritual/psychotherapeutic intervention for people diagnosed with cancer
Cole, B. S., & Pargäment, K. I. (1999) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1611(199909/10)8:5 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Spiritual health of oncology patients. Nurse and patient perspectives.
Highfield, M. F. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Assessing the validity of the SF-36 General Health Survey
Stansfeld, S. A., Roberts, R., & Foot, S. P. (1997) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1023/a:1026406620756 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The Effect of Religious Concentration and Affiliation on County Cancer Mortality Rates
Dwyer, J. W., Clarke, L. L., & Miller, M. K. (1990) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2137172 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Coping with breast cancer: The roles of clergy and faith
Johnson, S. C., & Spilka, B. (1991) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/bf00986676 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Cognitive appraisals in cancer patients
Jenkins, R. A., & Pargäment, K. I. (1988) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(88)90027-5 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Dimensions of quality of life expressed by men treated for metastatic prostate cancer
Clark, J. A., Wray, N., Brody, B. A., Ashton, C. M., Giesler, B., & Watkins, H. L. (1997) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(97)00058-0 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Use of alternative therapies among breast cancer outpatients compared with the general population.
VandeCreek, L., Rogers, E., & Lester, J. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Spiritual health of oncology patients
Highfield, M. F. (1992) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/00002820-199202000-00001 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Religious involvement and depression in older Dutch citizens
Braam, A. W., Beekman, A. T. F., van Tilburg, T. G., Deeg, D. J. H., & van Tilburg, W. (1997) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00789041 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Schaefer, C. A., & Gorsuch, R. L. (1991) · Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion · doi:10.2307/1387279 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Burkhardt, M. A. (1994) · Holistic Nursing Practice · doi:10.1097/00004650-199407000-00004 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
The role of religious values in coping with cancer
Acklin, M. W., Brown, E. C., & Mauger, P. A. (1983) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/bf02279928 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Marshall, G. N. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.61.3.483 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Coping with the Stress of Medical Problems among Black and White Elderly
Conway, K. (1986) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/b5f7-2bb3-yhel-n868 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Coping with breast cancer over time and situation
Heim, E., Augustiny, K. F., Schaffner, L., & Valach, L. (1993) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(93)90008-4 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Coping with Crises: An Examination of the Impact of Traumatic Events on Religious Beliefs
Overcash, W. S., Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., & Tedeschi, R. G. (1996) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.1996.9914878 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Spiritual Well-Being and Anxiety in Adults Diagnosed with Cancer
Kaczorowski, J. M. (1990) · The Hospice Journal · doi:10.1300/j011v05n03_06 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Gall, T. L. (2000) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1023/a:1004670717144 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationProstate Cancer and Emotional Functioning
Bjorck, J. P., Hopp, D. P., & Jones, L. W. (1999) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1300/j077v17n01_05 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Marshall, G. N. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.3.483 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Religious Resources in Long-Term Adjustment to Breast Cancer
Gall, T. L., de Renart, R. M. M., & Boonstra, B. (2000) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1300/j077v18n02_02 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationAltwein, J. E., Ekman, P., Barry, M. J., Biermann, C. W., Carlsson, P., Fosså, S. D., Kiebert, G. M., Küchler, T., McLeod, D., Porter, A. T., et al. (1997) · Urology · doi:10.1016/s0090-4295(99)80325-2 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
THE MEANING OF HOPE: Implications for Nursing Practice and Research
Gaskins, S. W., & Forté, L. (1995) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/0098-9134-19950301-05 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Providing Relief from Cancer Pain by Assisting in the Search for Meaning
Ersek, M. T., & FERRELL, B. R. (1994) · Journal of Palliative Care · doi:10.1177/082585979401000404 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The age peak in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Swensen, A. R., Ross, J. A., Severson, R. K., Pollock, B. H., & Robison, L. L. (1997) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0142(19970515)79:10 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Patterns of Attribution of Control and Individual Psychosocial Competence
Pargäment, K. I., Sullivan, M. S., Tyler, F. B., et al. (1982) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1982.51.3f.1243 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Krause, K., & Koop, P. M. (1993) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/019394599301500103 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Psychological complications of prostate cancer.
Pirl, W. F., & Mello, J. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Sharp, J. W., Blum, D., & Aviv, L. (1993) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1300/j010v19n01_06 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Religious orientation and coping with cancer
Meyer, M. S., ALTMAIER, E. M., & Burns, C. P. (1992) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/bf00981229 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
ASSESSMENT OF QUALITY OF LIFE INDICATORS AMONG SELECTED PATIENTS IN A COMMUNITY CANCER CENTER
Brown, G. H. F. C. H. (1998) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/016128498249051 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Ministering to cancer patients
Cavanagh, M. E. (1994) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/bf02354914 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Religion as a Cultural Phenomenon, and National Mortality Rates from Heart Disease
Watson, J. S. (1991) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1991.69.2.439 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The prevalence of psychological distress by cancer site
Zabora, J., BrintzenhofeSzoc, K., Curbow, B., Hooker, C., & Piantadosi, S. (2001) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/1099-1611(200101/02)10:1
Holland (1999) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1611(199901/02)8:1
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Blaming God for our pain: Human suffering and the divine mind
Gray, K., & Wegner, D. M. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868309350299 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Yanez, B., Edmondson, D., Stanton, A. L., Park, C. L., Kwan, L., Ganz, P. A., & Blank, T. O. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015820 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Advancing our understanding of religion and spirituality in the context of behavioral medicine
Park, C. L., Masters, K. S., Salsman, J. M., Wachholtz, A., Clements, A. D., Salmoirago-Blotcher, E., Trevino, K., & Wischenka, D. M. (2017) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-016-9755-5 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Trauma and PTSD symptoms: Does spiritual struggle mediate the link?
Wortmann, J. H., Park, C. L., & Edmondson, D. (2011) · Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy · doi:10.1037/a0021413 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Park, C. L., Edmondson, D., Hale-Smith, A., & Blank, T. O. (2009) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-009-9223-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Religious Beliefs Affect Grieving After Pregnancy Loss
Cowchock, F. S., Lasker, J. N., Toedter, L. J., Skumanich, S. A., & Koenig, H. G. (2010) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-009-9277-3 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
The Motivational Underpinnings of Belief in God
Laurin, K., & Kay, A. C. (2017) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2017.02.004 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gall, T. L.
- Affiliations
- Saint Paul University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Gall, Terry Lynn
- ORCID
- Gall, Terry Lynn
- Venue
- Quality of Life Research
- Published
- 2004-10
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1357-1368
- ISSN
- 0962-9343 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2649
- OpenAlex
- W2037586387
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Quality of Life Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Social Sciences › Demography › Workplace Spirituality and Leadership
- Keywords
- relationship with God, prostate cancer survivors, quality of life, spirituality, religious coping, image of God, causal attribution, optimism, social functioning, emotional functioning, role functioning
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Canada, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prostatic Neoplasms, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Research, Survivors, Sickness Impact Profile, Spirituality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review