What Do We Know About Needs for Help After Suicide in Different Parts of the World?: A Phenomenological Perspective
Abstract
BACKGROUND: "A person's death is not only an ending: it is also a beginning - for the survivors. Indeed, in the case of suicide, the largest public health problem is neither the prevention of suicide (...), nor the management of attempts (...), but the alleviation of the effects of stress in the survivor-victims of suicidal deaths, whose lives are forever changed and who, over a period of years, numbers in the millions ..." (Edwin S. Shneidman, 1973). AIMS: As there is no doubt that suicide postvention should be given a more prominent position on the agenda than is presently the case, this paper explores what we now know about perceived needs for help on the part of suicide bereaved in different parts of the world. METHODS: A search of related literature in the field was undertaken using the PubMed/PsychInfo databases. In addition, professionals throughout the world working in the field of suicide postvention were invited to submit reports about suicide postvention measures or literature. RESULTS: Very little research was found that reflected the perceived needs for help on the part of the bereaved - and all the studies stemmed from countries in the Western world. However, the bereaved in these studies agreed about a common need for peer and social support, and that professional help must be adapted to and offered with respect for individual needs. Thus, it seems that in societies in which the stigma about suicide has diminished, the bereaved experience very similar needs for help, whereas in other societies it is difficult to talk about their need for help because of the sanctions and taboos connected to suicide. CONCLUSIONS: We need far more culturally sensitive research in order to explore and clarify how each community understands suicide and reacts to families who have lost someone by suicide.
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Few studies have elicited the accounts of people bereaved by suicide in relation to their support needs and experiences.
“However, few studies have elicited the accounts of people bereaved by suicide in relation to their support needs and experiences [5,21].”
From Support Needs and Experiences of People Bereaved by Suicide: Qualitative Findings from a Cross-Sectional British Study of Bereaved Young Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [21]
A number of smaller-scale qualitative studies have emphasised the importance of social and peer support in the aftermath of a suicide.
“As in the current study, a number of smaller-scale qualitative studies have emphasised the importance of social and peer support in the aftermath of a suicide [21], including Irish [36,37], North American [38,39], and Australian qualitative work [22].”
From Support Needs and Experiences of People Bereaved by Suicide: Qualitative Findings from a Cross-Sectional British Study of Bereaved Young Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [21]
It is not clear whether the results would be replicated in other cultural settings and (mental) health care systems.
“It is not clear whether their results would be replicated in other cultural settings and (mental) health care systems [53].”
People bereaved by suicide express clear unmet needs.
“The next challenges are the paucity of trial evidence for effective interventions7 and the tendency of people bereaved by suicide to avoid seeking help8 9 despite expressing clear unmet needs.10”
From Support received after bereavement by suicide and other sudden deaths: A cross-sectional UK study of 3432 young bereaved adults (2017) · cites this paper as [10]
Informal support is known to be valued after suicide bereavement.
“Registry-based studies describe health service use18–21 but not informal support, a resource known to be valued after suicide bereavement.10”
From Support received after bereavement by suicide and other sudden deaths: A cross-sectional UK study of 3432 young bereaved adults (2017) · cites this paper as [10]
Surveys of the perceived needs of people bereaved by suicide indicate clear unmet needs for social networks to respond proactively and empathically and for professionals to offer immediate outreach.
“surveys of the perceived needs of people bereaved by suicide indicate clear unmet needs for social networks to respond proactively and empathically and for professionals to offer immediate outreach.10”
From Support received after bereavement by suicide and other sudden deaths: A cross-sectional UK study of 3432 young bereaved adults (2017) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Dyregrov, K.
- Affiliations
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
- Corresponding author
- Dyregrov, Kari
- ORCID
- Dyregrov, Kari
- Venue
- Crisis
- Publisher
- Hogrefe Publishing Group
- Published
- 2011-11-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 310-318
- ISSN
- 0227-5910 (ISSN-L)
- 2151-2396
- OpenAlex
- W2113241966
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 5.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Crisis (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Keywords
- suicide postvention, suicide bereavement, bereaved families, peer support, social support, professional help, suicide stigma, cultural sensitivity, cross-cultural comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bereavement, Child, Culture, Humans, Mental Health Services, Social Support, Stereotyping, Suicide, Survivors, Needs Assessment
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