Cited by 123Social and Intergroup PsychologyRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchNames, Identity, and Discrimination Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Surprisingly Limited Malleability of Implicit Racial Evaluations

Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., Nosek, Brian A.·2010·Social Psychology

DOI 10.1027/1864-9335/a000020

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Implicit preferences for Whites compared to Blacks can be reduced via exposure to admired Black and disliked White individuals ( Dasgupta & Greenwald, 2001 ). In four studies (total N = 4,628), while attempting to clarify the mechanism, we found that implicit preferences for Whites were weaker in the “positive Blacks” exposure condition compared to a control condition (weighted average d = .08). This effect was substantially smaller than the original demonstration ( Dasgupta & Greenwald, 2001 ; d = .82). Factors beyond exposure to admired Blacks may be necessary for the effect, such as making race accessible during exemplar exposure and including negative White exemplars. Our evidence suggests that exposure to known-group members shifts implicit race bias reliably, but weakly.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1027/1864-9335/a000020

Cites

34 of 34 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: the implicit association test
Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, J. L. K. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1464 · Cited by 9,210
Controlled and automatic human information processing: I. Detection, search, and attention.
Schneider, W., & Shiffrin, R. M. (1977) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.84.1.1 · Cited by 5,902
Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I. An improved scoring algorithm.
Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.197 · Cited by 5,815
Liberals and conservatives rely on different sets of moral foundations.
Graham, J., Haidt, J., & Nosek, B. A. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015141 · Cited by 4,560
Self-citation
The unbearable automaticity of being
Bargh, J. A., & Chartrand, T. L. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.54.7.462 · Cited by 3,699
The Psychology of Prejudice: Ingroup Love and Outgroup Hate?
Brewer, M. B. (1999) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00126 · Cited by 3,494
Pervasiveness and correlates of implicit attitudes and stereotypes
Nosek, B. A., Smyth, F. L., Hansen, J. J., Devos, T., Lindner, N. M., Ranganath, K. A., Smith, C. T., Olson, K. R., Chugh, D., Greenwald, A. G., et al. (2007) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463280701489053 · Cited by 1,247
Understanding and Using the Implicit Association Test: II. Method Variables and Construct Validity
Nosek, B. A., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (2004) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167204271418 · Cited by 1,216
The Malleability of Automatic Stereotypes and Prejudice
Blair, I. V. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0603_8 · Cited by 1,152 · cited 1×
“Given the sheer volume of studies, there is little doubt that Blair’s (2002) conclusion about the malleability of implicit social cognition is correct.”
Background
The Go/No-Go Association Task
Nosek, B. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2001) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.19.6.625.20886 · Cited by 1,110

Show all 34 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

Skitka L. J., 2005, In the social net: The social psychology of the Internet, 1

Sorted by citations

Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience
Button, K. S., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Mokrysz, C., Nosek, B. A., Flint, J., Robinson, E. S. J., & Munafò, M. R. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3475 · Cited by 7,641
The Associations of Clinicians’ Implicit Attitudes About Race With Medical Visit Communication and Patient Ratings of Interpersonal Care
Cooper, L. A., Roter, D. L., Carson, K. A., Beach, M. C., Sabin, J. A., Greenwald, A. G., & Inui, T. S. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2011.300558 · Cited by 815
A meta-analysis of procedures to change implicit measures
Forscher, P. S., Lai, C. K., Axt, J. R., Ebersole, C. R., Herman, M., Devine, P. G., & Nosek, B. A. (2019) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000160 · Cited by 700
Reducing implicit racial preferences: I. A comparative investigation of 17 interventions.
Lai, C. K., Marini, M., Lehr, S. A., Cerruti, C., Shin, J.-E. L., Joy-Gaba, J. A., Ho, A. K., Teachman, B. A., Wojcik, S. P., Koleva, S. P., et al. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/a0036260 · Cited by 719
Reducing implicit racial preferences: II. Intervention effectiveness across time
Lai, C. K., Skinner, A. L., Cooley, E., Murrar, S., Brauer, M., Devos, T., Calanchini, J., Xiao, Y. J., Pedram, C., Marshburn, C. K., et al. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/xge0000179 · Cited by 624
Self-citation
The ironic effect of significant results on the credibility of multiple-study articles.
Schimmack, U. (2012) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0029487 · Cited by 455
Interventions designed to reduce implicit prejudices and implicit stereotypes in real world contexts: a systematic review
FitzGerald, C., Martin, A., Berner, D., & Hurst, S. (2019) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-019-0299-7 · Cited by 477
Changing bodies changes minds: Owning another body affects social cognition
Maister, L., Slater, M., Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Tsakiris, M. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.11.001 · Cited by 384
The Implicit Association Test: A Method in Search of a Construct
Schimmack, U. (2019) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691619863798 · Cited by 389
Reducing Implicit Prejudice
Lai, C. K., Hoffman, K. M., & Nosek, B. A. (2012) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12023 · Cited by 239
Reducing Children's Implicit Racial Bias Through Exposure to Positive Out-Group Exemplars
Gonzalez, A. M., Steele, J. R., & Baron, A. S. (2016) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12582 · Cited by 164
When Teams Agree While Disagreeing: Reflexion and Reflection in Shared Cognition
Healey, M. P., Vuori, T. O., & Hodgkinson, G. P. (2015) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2013.0154 · Cited by 139
Racial Disparity in Police Contacts
Crutchfield, R. D., Skinner, M. L., Haggerty, K. P., McGlynn‐Wright, A., & Catalano, R. F. (2012) · Race and Justice · doi:10.1177/2153368712448063 · Cited by 128
The Heterogeneity of Implicit Bias
Holroyd, J., & Sweetman, J. (2016) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198713241.003.0004 · Cited by 116
Racial bias in driver yielding behavior at crosswalks
Goddard, T., Kahn, K. B., & Adkins, A. (2015) · Transportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2015.06.002 · Cited by 122
The Best Way to Measure Explicit Racial Attitudes Is to Ask About Them
Axt, J. R. (2017) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550617728995 · Cited by 109
Suicide and self-injury-related implicit cognition: A large-scale examination and replication.
Glenn, J. J., Werntz, A. J., Slama, S. J. K., Steinman, S. A., Teachman, B. A., & Nock, M. K. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000230 · Cited by 110
The rich—love them or hate them? Divergent implicit and explicit attitudes toward the wealthy
Horwitz, S. R., & Dovidio, J. F. (2015) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/1368430215596075 · Cited by 114
Implicit (and explicit) racial attitudes barely changed during Barack Obama’s presidential campaign and early presidency
Schmidt, K., & Nosek, B. A. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.12.003 · Cited by 100
When People Do Allyship: A Typology of Allyship Action
Souza, L. D., & Schmader, T. (2024) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/10888683241232732 · Cited by 104
The Role of Bias by Emergency Department Providers in Care for American Indian Children
Puumala, S. E., Burgess, K. M., Kharbanda, A. B., Zook, H. G., Castille, D. M., Pickner, W. J., & Payne, N. R. (2016) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000000533 · Cited by 87
Am I a Racist? Implicit Bias and the Ascription of Racism
Levy, N. L. (2016) · The Philosophical Quarterly · doi:10.1093/pq/pqw070 · Cited by 82
Measures of Stereotyping and Prejudice
Fiske, S. T., & North, M. S. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-386915-9.00024-3 · Cited by 80
Bias at the intersection of race and gender: Evidence from preschool‐aged children
Perszyk, D. R., Lei, R. F., Bodenhausen, G. V., Richeson, J. A., & Waxman, S. R. (2019) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/desc.12788 · Cited by 90
What is implicit bias?
Holroyd, J., Scaife, R., & Stafford, T. (2017) · Philosophy Compass · doi:10.1111/phc3.12437 · Cited by 86
Unconscious Bias in Citizens’ Evaluations of Public Sector Performance
Marvel, J. D. (2015) · Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory · doi:10.1093/jopart/muu053 · Cited by 252
What we can (and can’t) infer about implicit bias from debiasing experiments
Byrd, N. (2019) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-019-02128-6 · Cited by 67
Counter-stereotypical pictures as a strategy for overcoming spontaneous gender stereotypes
Finnegan, E., Oakhill, J. V., & Garnham, A. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01291 · Cited by 65
Reframing Aging: Effect of a Short-Term Framing Intervention on Implicit Measures of Age Bias
Busso, D. S., Volmert, A., & Kendall‐Taylor, N. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gby080 · Cited by 66
Implicit Social Cognition
Nosek, B. A., Hawkins, C. B., & Frazier, R. S. (2012) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446247631.n3 · Cited by 53
Music listening evokes implicit affiliation
Vuoskoski, J. K., Clarke, E., & DeNora, T. (2016) · Psychology of Music · doi:10.1177/0305735616680289 · Cited by 75
Negativity and Outgroup Biases in Attitude Formation and Transfer
Ratliff, K. A., & Nosek, B. A. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167211420168 · Cited by 64
Changing Implicit and Explicit Prejudice
Sritharan, R., & Gawronski, B. (2010) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000017 · Cited by 58
Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: II. Intervention Effectiveness Across TimePreprint
Lai, C. K., Skinner, A. L., Cooley, E., Murrar, S., Bräuer, M., Devos, T., Calanchini, J., Xiao, Y. J., Pedram, C., Marhsburn, C., et al. (2016) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2712520 · Cited by 52
Developmental differences in the malleability of implicit racial bias following exposure to counterstereotypical exemplars.
Gonzalez, A. M., Steele, J. R., Chan, E. F., Lim, S. A., & Baron, A. S. (2020) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001128 · Cited by 54
The impact of virtual reality on implicit racial bias and mock legal decisions
Salmanowitz, N. (2018) · Journal of Law and the Biosciences · doi:10.1093/jlb/lsy005 · Cited by 50
Values, Attitudes, and Ideologies: Explicit and Implicit Constructs Shaping Perception and Action
Hitlin, S., & Pinkston, K. (2013) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0_11 · Cited by 54
The Role of Self-Involvement in Shifting IAT Effects
Marini, M., Rubichi, S., & Sartori, G. (2012) · Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) · doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000163 · Cited by 45
Implicit and Explicit Measurement of Work-Related Age Attitudes and Age Stereotypes
Kleissner, V., & Jahn, G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579155 · Cited by 50
Policy Implications of Implicit Social Cognition
Nosek, B. A., & Riskind, R. G. (2012) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2011.01037.x · Cited by 55
The effect of Obama saliency on individual-level racial bias: Silver bullet or smokescreen?
Lybarger, J. E., & Monteith, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.12.001 · Cited by 35
The Science of Implicit Race Bias: Evidence from the Implicit Association Test
Morehouse, K. N., & Banaji, M. R. (2024) · Daedalus · doi:10.1162/daed_a_02047 · Cited by 43
The imagination model of implicit bias
Welpinghus, A. (2019) · Philosophical Studies · doi:10.1007/s11098-019-01277-1 · Cited by 33
Sudden Shifts in Social Identity Swiftly Shape Implicit Evaluation
Xiao, Y. J., & Bavel, J. J. V. (2018) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2019.03.005 · Cited by 32
Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward African Americans and Barack Obama Did not Substantively Change During Obama's Presidency
Schmidt, K., & Axt, J. R. (2016) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2016.34.6.559 · Cited by 33
Biased against Debiasing: On the Role of (Institutionally Sponsored) Self-Transformation in the Struggle against Prejuice
Madva, A. (2017) · Ergo an Open Access Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.3998/ergo.12405314.0004.006 · Cited by 41
Reducing Social Judgment Biases May Require Identifying the Potential Source of Bias
Axt, J. R., Casola, G., & Nosek, B. A. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167218814003 · Cited by 32
A Diffusion Model Approach for Understanding the Impact of 17 Interventions on the Race Implicit Association Test
Röhner, J., & Lai, C. K. (2020) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167220974489 · Cited by 28
The Obama Effect Six Years Later: The Effect of Exposure to Obama on Implicit Anti-Black Evaluative bias and Implicit Racial Stereotyping
Columb, C. J., & Plant, E. A. (2016) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2016.34.6.523 · Cited by 25
Reducing Implicit PrejudicePreprint
Lai, C., Hoffman, K., & Nosek, B. (2013) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2089158 · Cited by 201
Empathy Diminishes Prejudice: Active Perspective-Taking, Regardless of Target and Mortality Salience, Decreases Implicit Racial Bias
Pashak, T. J., Conley, M. A., Whitney, D. J., Oswald, S. R., Heckroth, S. G., & Schumacher, E. M. (2018) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2018.96082 · Cited by 24
Is Obama’s Win a Gain for Blacks?
Bernstein, M. J., Young, S. G., & Claypool, H. M. (2010) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000021 · Cited by 22
Implementation Intentions Reduce Implicit Stereotype Activation and Application
Rees, H. R., Rivers, A. M., & Sherman, J. W. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167218775695 · Cited by 22
Cognitive consistency in prejudice-related belief systems: Integrating old-fashioned, modern, aversive, and implicit forms of prejudice
Gawronski, B., Brochu, P. M., Sritharan, R., & Strack, F. (2012) · NSUWorks (Nova Southeastern University) · Cited by 22
Improving the reliability and validity of the IAT with a dynamic model driven by similarity
Kvam, P. D., Irving, L. H., Sokratous, K., & Smith, C. T. (2023) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-023-02141-1 · Cited by 21
Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: I. A Comparative Investigation of 17 InterventionsPreprint
Lai, C. K., Marini, M., Lehr, S. A., Cerruti, C., Shin, J. E. L., Joy-Gaba, J. A., Ho, A. K., Teachman, B. A., Wojcik, S. P., Koleva, S. P., et al. (2016) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ktgwv · Cited by 21
Counter-Stereotypes and Attitudes Toward Gender and LGBTQ Equality
Jung, J., & Tavits, M. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009406628 · Cited by 16
The Black-White Malleability Gap in Implicit Racial Evaluations: A Nationally Representative Study
Pinkston, K. (2014) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.2014.987200 · Cited by 15
Examining youth participatory action research as a context to disrupt implicit bias in African American adolescent girls
Duke, A. M., & Fripp, J. A. (2020) · Educational Action Research · doi:10.1080/09650792.2020.1774404 · Cited by 14
Examining the effectiveness of brief interventions to strengthen a positive implicit relation between women and STEM across two timepoints
Farrell, L., Nearchou, F., & McHugh, L. (2020) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-020-09576-w · Cited by 16
The Psychology of Implicit Intergroup Bias and the Prospect of ChangePreprint
Lai, C. K., & Banaji, M. R. (2019) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/bv2pq · Cited by 15
Implicit Association Test (IAT)
Lehr, S. A., & Banaji, M. R. (2011) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199828340-0033 · Cited by 13
Restorative Approaches to Discipline and Implicit Bias: Looking for Ways Forward
Romero, L. S., Scahill, V., & Charles, S. R. (2020) · Contemporary School Psychology · doi:10.1007/s40688-020-00314-9 · Cited by 16
Controversies in Implicit Race Bias Research
Tinkler, J. E. (2012) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/soc4.12001 · Cited by 10
Disrupting the Effects of Implicit Bias: The Case of Discretion & Policing
Glaser, J. (2024) · Daedalus · doi:10.1162/daed_a_02053 · Cited by 13
Communications Law
Kang, J. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511820595.009 · Cited by 10
Adolescent Summer Camp Volunteers' Attitudes Toward Peers with Disabilities
Fort, M., Lundberg, N. R., Zabriskie, R. B., Eggett, D. L., Prater, M. A., & Barney, K. W. (2016) · Leisure Sciences · doi:10.1080/01490400.2016.1171740 · Cited by 16
The best way to measure explicit racial attitudes is to ask about themPreprint
Axt, J. R. (2017) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/zvgb3 · Cited by 10
Racialization of peer‐to‐peer transactions: Inequality and barriers to legitimacy
Shepherd, S., & Matherly, T. (2020) · Journal of Consumer Affairs · doi:10.1111/joca.12337 · Cited by 9
(when) do counterattitudinal exemplars shift implicit racial evaluations? Replications and extensions of Dasgupta and Greenwald (2001).
Kurdi, B., Sánchez, À., Dasgupta, N., & Banaji, M. R. (2023) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspa0000370 · Cited by 13
When Can Exemplars Shape White Racial Attitudes? Evidence from the 2012 U.S. Presidential Campaign
Goldman, S. K., & Hopkins, D. J. (2019) · International journal of public opinion research · doi:10.1093/ijpor/edy033 · Cited by 7
Assessing Implicit Attitudes: What can be Learned from Simulations?
Quek, B.-K., & Ortony, A. (2012) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2012.30.5.610 · Cited by 9
A Theory of Reliance on Individuating Information and Stereotypes in Implicit Judgments of Individuals and Social Groups
Rubinstein, R., Jussim, L. J., Loh, B., & Buraus, M. (2022) · Journal of Theoretical Social Psychology · doi:10.1155/2022/5118325 · Cited by 7
Malleability of Intergroup Stereotypes and Attitudes
Bosak, J., & Diekman, A. B. (2010) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000016 · Cited by 7
All’s well that ends well: an early-phase study testing lower end-session exercise intensity to promote physical activity in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Fessler, L., Sarrazin, P. G., Maltagliati, S., Maltagliati, S., Cheval, B., & Cheval, B. (2023) · Movement & Sport Sciences - Science & Motricité · doi:10.1051/sm/2023009 · Cited by 8
Policy Implications of Implicit Social CognitionPreprint
Nosek, B. A., & Riskind, R. G. (2016) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/r5mhx · Cited by 6
Reducing Implicit PrejudicePreprint
Lai, C. K., Nosek, B. A., & Hoffman, K. M. (2017) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/7qmjc · Cited by 6
Mind Over Prejudice: An Implicit Bias Training in Medical Education Using Cognitive Bias Modification
Hsu, C.-W. (2023) · Journal of Graduate Medical Education · doi:10.4300/jgme-d-23-00146.1 · Cited by 5
MLK Day and Racial Attitudes: Liking the Group More but Its Members Less
Chopik, W. J., O’Brien, E., Konrath, S., & Schwarz, N. (2014) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12171 · Cited by 5
Methodological Bias That Can Reduce (or Affect) the Process of Diagnostic Construction in Clinical Settings
Iudici, A., Faccio, E., Castelnuovo, G., & Turchi, G. P. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00157 · Cited by 7
Reducing social judgment biases may require identifying the potential source of biasPreprint
Axt, J. R., Casola, G., & Nosek, B. A. (2018) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ngxks · Cited by 7
Reducing Implicit Racial Preferences: I. A Comparative Investigation of 17 InterventionsPreprint
Lai, C. K., Marini, M., Lehr, S. A., Cerruti, C., Shin, J. E. L., Joy-Gaba, J. A., Ho, A. K., Teachman, B. A., Wojcik, S. P., Koleva, S. P., et al. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2155175 · Cited by 4
The development of an implicit association test for measuring forgiveness.
Goldring, J. (2011) · Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) · Cited by 4
Who is the Party? The Effect of Counter-Stereotypical Partisan Exemplars on Inter-Party Stereotypes and Affect
Myers, C. D., & Hvidsten, T. (2024) · Political Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11109-024-09991-1 · Cited by 5
The Implications of Meno’s Paradox for the Mental Capacity Act 2005
Skowron, P. (2016) · Medical Law Review · doi:10.1093/medlaw/fww026 · Cited by 3
The Methodologists: a Unique Category of Scientific Actors
Nelson, N. C. (2020) · Engaging Science Technology and Society · doi:10.17351/ests2020.345 · Cited by 3
Care Starts at Home: Emotional State and Appeals to Altruism may Reduce Demand for Overused Health Services in the UK
Powell, P. A., Roberts, J., Gabbay, M., & Consedine, N. S. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa058 · Cited by 3
Revisiting the Policy Implications of Implicit Social Cognition
Axt, J. R., Posada, V. P., Roy, E., & To, J. (2025) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/sipr.70003 · Cited by 2
Feminist Psychologists and Institutional Change in Universities
Stewart, A. J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-32141-7_18 · Cited by 2
Obama as Exemplar: Debate Exposure and Implicit and Explicit Racial Affect
Meirick, P. C., & Dunn, S. G. S. (2015) · Howard Journal of Communications · doi:10.1080/10646175.2014.986312 · Cited by 3
Cognitive processing differences between stereotype activation and semantic activation
Chen, L., Li, W., Shi, X., & Han, M. (2022) · Applied Neuropsychology Adult · doi:10.1080/23279095.2022.2145199 · Cited by 2
Policy Implications of Implicit Social CognitionPreprint
Nosek, B. A., & Riskind, R. G. (2011) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1884665 · Cited by 2
An Examination of the Own-Race Preference in Infancy
Ziv, T. (2012) · Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) · Cited by 2
Implicit and explicit attitudes toward African Americans and Barack Obama did not substantively change during Obama’s presidencyPreprint
Axt, J. R. (2016) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/6an5u · Cited by 2
Unmasking the Aversive Stigmatizer: Integrating Deliberate and Automatic Cognition in the Study of Mental Health Stigma and Perceived Dangerousness
Felix, E. (2024) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/21568693241281952 · Cited by 1
A Model Investigating How Cultural Appropriation Increases Group‐Based Stigma Through Racialized Objectification
Mosley, A. J. (2025) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.70083 · Cited by 2
Opportunities for Sharpening the Stereotype Inoculation Model
Pelham, B. W., & Hardin, C. D. (2011) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1080/1047840x.2011.621517 · Cited by 1
In Omnibus Veritas
Editor-in-Chief, H.-P. E. (2011) · Social Psychology · doi:10.1027/1864-9335/a000048 · Cited by 1
Implicit bias: a sin of omission?
van Loon, M. (2021) · Philosophical Explorations · doi:10.1080/13869795.2021.1923784 · Cited by 1
Developing Moral Character: Essays on Automaticity, Agency, and Responsibility
Rijnders, J. (2019) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives · Cited by 1

Authors: Joy-Gaba, J. A., & Nosek, B. A.
Affiliations: University of Virginia (US)
ORCID: Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A.
Nosek, Brian A.
Venue: Social Psychology
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Published: 2010-01
Volume: 41
Issue: 3
Pages: 137-146
ISSN: 1864-9335 (ISSN-L)
2151-2590
DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000020
OpenAlex: W2126718333
Cited by: 123
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 30.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research
Keywords: implicit racial attitudes, racial bias

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Surprisingly Limited Malleability of Implicit Racial Evaluations

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks