Lunar equatorial surface temperatures and regolith properties from the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment
Abstract
The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has measured solar reflectance and mid‐infrared radiance globally, over four diurnal cycles, at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. These data are used to infer the radiative and bulk thermophysical properties of the near‐surface regolith layer at all longitudes around the equator. Normal albedos are estimated from solar reflectance measurements. Normal spectral emissivities relative to the 8‐μm Christiansen Feature are computed from brightness temperatures and used along with albedos as inputs to a numerical thermal model. Model fits to daytime temperatures require that the albedo increase with solar incidence angle. Measured nighttime cooling is remarkably similar across longitude and major geologic units, consistent with the scarcity of rock exposures and with the widespread presence of a near‐surface layer whose physical structure and thermal response are determined by pulverization through micrometeoroid impacts. Nighttime temperatures are best fit using a graded regolith model, with a ∼40% increase in bulk density and an eightfold increase in thermal conductivity (adjusted for temperature) occurring within several centimeters of the surface.
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At a specified lunar location, seasonal changes in the Sun's paths of diurnal motion, diurnal surface temperature distributions or LAD/LAN ratios are so minute that they are neglected in most practical applications.
“At a specified lunar location, any seasonal changes in the Sun's paths of diurnal motion, diurnal surface temperature distributions or LAD/LAN ratios are so minute, that they are neglected in most practical applications [61,62].”
From Parametric Study of a Lunar Base Power Systems (2021) · cites this paper as [62]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Vasavada, A. R., Bandfield, J. L., Greenhagen, B. T., Hayne, P. O., Siegler, M. A., Williams, J., & Paige, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2012-04-04
- Volume
- 117
- Issue
- E12
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2126353612
- Cited by
- 357
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 9.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Keywords
- lunar surface temperature, lunar regolith, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, solar reflectance, thermal properties, thermal conductivity, albedo, emissivity, Christiansen feature, brightness temperature, night cooling, micrometeoroid impacts
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