Seasonal polar temperatures on the Moon
Abstract
Abstract The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter has been acquiring visible and infrared radiance measurements of the Moon for nearly 10 years. These data have been compiled into polar stereographic maps of temperatures poleward of 80° latitude at fixed local times and fixed subsolar longitudes to provide an overview of diurnal temperatures of the polar regions. The data have been divided into winter and summer seasons, defined by the times of year when the subsolar latitude is above or below the equator, to characterize the variations in seasonal temperatures that result from the 1.54° angle between the Moon's spin pole and the ecliptic plane. Since the illumination in the polar regions is perpetually at grazing angles, topography plays a dominate role in surface temperatures. Consequently, the surface and near‐surface thermal environment can vary in complex ways with time of day and season, which produces areas that are seasonally shadowed for prolonged periods and that are much more extensive than the permanently shadowed regions (PSRs). We find that surfaces below 110 K capable of cold trapping water over 1 Gyr increases by factors of 2.8 and 4.3 in the winter for the south and north polar regions, respectively, with seasonal residence times of adsorbed water molecules occurring at higher temperatures and thus larger areas.
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One of the primary environmental concerns on the Moon is the extreme temperature gradients, and research on determining the Lunar surface and subsurface temperature has been ongoing.
“One of the primary environmental concerns on the Moon is the extreme temperature gradients, and research on determining the Lunar surface and subsurface temperature has been ongoing [16-24].”
From A comprehensive review of lunar-based manufacturing and construction (2024) · cites this paper as [23]
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- Authors
- Williams, J. ‐., Greenhagen, B. T., Paige, D. A., Schorghofer, N., Sefton‐Nash, E., Hayne, P. O., Lucey, P. G., Siegler, M. A., & Aye, K. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Planetary Science Institute Tucson AZ USA
- European Space Agency (FR)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- Planetary Science Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Williams, J.‐P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research Planets
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2019-10
- Volume
- 124
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 2505-2521
- ISSN
- 2169-9097 (ISSN-L)
- 2169-9100
- OpenAlex
- W2967238108
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 45 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 11
- FWCI
- 6.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Geophysical Research Planets (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Keywords
- lunar polar regions, Diviner Lunar Radiometer, Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, diurnal temperature range, seasonal temperature variation, permanently shadowed regions, lunar topography
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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