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Radiative forcing of climate by changes in the vertical distribution of ozone

Lacis, Andrew A., Wuebbles, Donald J., Logan, Jennifer A.·1990·Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

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Abstract

We describe a simple method for evaluating the radiative forcing of surface temperature caused by changes in the vertical distribution of ozone. The method employs a parameterization based on one‐dimensional radiative‐convective equilibrium calculations; these calculations predict that the surface temperature should warm in response to both decreases in ozone above 30 km and increases in ozone below 30 km. The parameterization is used to investigate the response of surface temperature to observed changes in the vertical distribution of ozone at northern mid‐latitudes. We show that the observed ozone trends, taken at face value, suggest a cooling of the surface temperature at northern mid‐latitudes during the 1970s equal in magnitude to about half the warming predicted for CO 2 for the same time period. However, the measurement uncertainty of the observed trends is large, with the best estimates for mid‐latitude cooling being −0.05±0.05°C. The surface cooling is caused by ozone decreases in the lower stratosphere, which outweigh the warming effects of ozone increases in the troposphere. The results obtained differ from predictions based on one‐dimensional photochemical model simulations of ozone trends for the 1970s, which suggest a warming of the surface temperature equal to ∼20% of the warming contributed by CO 2 . Also, the ozone decreases observed in the lower stratosphere during the 1970s produce atmospheric cooling by several tenths of a degree in the 12‐ to 20‐km altitude region over the northern mid‐latitudes. This temperature decrease is larger than the cooling due to CO 2 and thus may obscure the expected stratospheric CO 2 greenhouse signature.

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10.1111/j.1600-0889.1987.tb00099.x · DOI
Kellogg W. W., 1983, Identification of the climate change induced by increasing carbon dioxide and other trace gases in the atmosphere, WMO Bull., 32, 23
Lacis A., 1979, Fourth National Aeronautics and Space Administration Weather and Climate Program Science Review, 309

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Background
Observations of isoprene, methacrolein (MAC) and methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) at a mountain site in Hong Kong
Guo, H. F., Ling, Z., Simpson, I. J., et al. (2012) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2012jd017750 · Cited by 29
“These emissions have a major influence on the chemistry of the lower atmosphere, the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere, visibility degradation, and consequently on the global climate [Lacis et al., 1990; Crutzen, 1995; Saunders et al., 2003].”
Background
In‐flight measurement of aircraft CO and nonmethane hydrocarbon emission indices
Slemr, F., Giehl, H., Habram, M., Slemr, J., Schlager, H., Schulte, P., Haschberger, P., Lindermeir, E., Döpelheuer, A., & Plohr, M. (2001) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2000jd900580 · Cited by 29
Ozone loss episodes in the free Antarctic troposphere, suggesting a possible climate feedback
Roscoe, H. K., Kreher, K., & Frieß, U. (2001) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2000gl012583 · Cited by 29
Solar Influences on Global Change
National Research Council (1994) · National Academies Press eBooks · doi:10.17226/4778 · Cited by 29
“Changes in ozone, temperature, and other trace gases have been widely implicated in a variety of the mechanisms by which changes in the middle atmosphere might influence the biosphere by physically coupling to the troposphere and modifying the climate (NAS, 1982; Lacis et al., 1990; Schwarzkopf and Ramaswamy, 1993; Ha…”
Background
Model studies on the sensitivity of upper tropospheric chemistry to heterogeneous uptake of HNO3 on cirrus ice particles
Meier, A. C., & Hendricks, J. (2002) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2001jd000735 · Cited by 29
A modeling study of effective radiative forcing and climate response due to tropospheric ozone
Xie, B., Zhang, H., Wang, Z., Zhao, S., & Fu, Q. (2016) · Advances in Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00376-016-5193-0 · Cited by 29
Regional and seasonal radiative forcing by perturbations to aerosol and ozone precursor emissions
Bellouin, N., Baker, L., Hodnebrog, Ø., Olivié, D., Cherian, R., MacIntosh, C. R., Samset, B. H., Esteve, A. R., Aamaas, B., Quaas, J., et al. (2016) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-16-13885-2016 · Cited by 30
“…aerosols too high in the atmosphere leads to overestimating RFari (Samset et al., 2013) and underestimating rapid adjustments tropo-sphere with a maximum near the tropopause (Lacis et al., 1990) so ozone being located too low in models introduces a low bias in the SRF exerted by ozone precursors.”
Background
Multi-year application of WRF-CAM5 over East Asia-Part I: Comprehensive evaluation and formation regimes of O3 and PM2.5
He, J., Zhang, Y., Wang, K., et al. (2017) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.06.015 · Cited by 28
“For example, changes in the amount and spatial distribution of tropospheric ozone (O3) can affect the radiative forcing of climate change (Lacis et al., 1990; Forster et al., 2007; Stevenson et al., 2013).”
Background
Effect of tropopause height changes on the calculation of ozone trends and their radiative forcing
Forster, P. M. D. F., & Tourpali, K. (2001) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2000jd900813 · Cited by 28
Tropospheric temperature response to stratospheric ozone recovery in the 21st century
Hu, Y., Xia, Y., & Fu, Q. (2011) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-11-7687-2011 · Cited by 28
“…yr of the 20th century, and its impact on troposphere-surface temperatures had been investigated using radiation transfer models (Wang et al., 1980; Lacis et al., 1990; Wang, et al., 1993; Forster and Shine, 1997), the general circulation model (GCM) (Ramaswamy et al., 1992) and satellite…”
Method
A global climate‐chemistry model study of present‐day tropospheric chemistry and radiative forcing from changes in tropospheric O3 since the preindustrial period
Wong, S., Wang, W., Isaksen, I. S. A., Berntsen, T. K., & Sundet, J. K. (2004) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2003jd003998 · Cited by 32
Tropospheric water vapor measurements over the North Atlantic during the Subsonic Assessment Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment (SONEX)
Vay, S. A., Anderson, B. E., Jensen, E. J., et al. (2000) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/1999jd901019 · Cited by 28
Cross‐tropopause and interhemispheric transports into the tropical free troposphere over the Indian Ocean
Zachariasse, M., Smit, H. G. J., van Velthoven, P. F. J., et al. (2001) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2001jd900061 · Cited by 28
Global climate forcing driven by altered BVOC fluxes from 1990 to 2010 land cover change in maritime Southeast Asia
Harper, K., & Unger, N. (2018) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-18-16931-2018 · Cited by 30
“…in RF. P18 L5-7: “increase in regional surface ozone concentrations is unlikely to have a significant impact on the induced ozone forcing since, as Lacis et al. (1990) find, changes in surface ozone have a much smaller effect on climate forcing relative to equivalent ozone changes in the upper…”
Background
The zonal structure of tropical O 3 and CO as observed by the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer in November 2004 – Part 2: Impact of surface emissions on O 3 and its precursors
Bowman, K. W., Jones, D. B. A., Logan, J. A., Worden, H. M., Boersma, K. F., Chang, R., Kulawik, S. S., Osterman, G. B., Hamer, P., & Worden, J. R. (2009) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-9-3563-2009 · Cited by 27
“…atmosphere, radiative forcing of the climate system , and air quality (Worden et al., 2008; Fishman et al., 1979, 1991; Fishman and Larsen, 1987; Lacis et al., 1990; Kiehl et al., 1999; Portmann et al., 1997; Naik et al., 2005; Jacob, 1999; Li et al., 2002) Earth-observing satellites provide a…”
Background
Strong modification of stratospheric ozone forcing by cloud and sea-ice adjustments
Xia, Y., Hu, Y., & Huang, Y. (2016) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-16-7559-2016 · Cited by 27
“It is known that ozone is a greenhouse gas, and that stratospheric ozone has a warming effect on tropospheric-surface climate, which has been demonstrated by early simulation works with radiative-convective models (Ramanathan and Dickinson, 1979; Lacis et al., 1990).”
Background
The Role of Methane in the Global Environment
Wuebbles, D. J., & Tamaresis, J. S. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-84605-2_20 · Cited by 27
Future atmospheric methane concentrations in the context of the stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations
Kheshgi, H. S., Jain, A. K., Kotamarthi, V. R., & Wuebbles, D. J. (1999) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/1999jd900367 · Cited by 27
“Calculations indicate that an increase in tropospheric ozone over the past decades (suggested by some measurements) should add to global warming [Hauglustaine et al., 1994; Lacis et al., 1990; World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 1999].”
Background
Tropical tropospheric ozone column retrieval for GOME-2
Valks, P., Hao, N., Garcìa, S. G., Loyola, D., Dameris, M., Jöckel, P., & Delcloo, A. (2014) · Atmospheric measurement techniques · doi:10.5194/amt-7-2513-2014 · Cited by 26
“Upper tropospheric ozone acts as a greenhouse gas by absorbing long-wave terrestrial radiation (Lacis et al., 1990; Foster and Shine, 1997).”
Background
Multi-year assimilation of IASI and MLS ozone retrievals: variability of tropospheric ozone over the tropics in response to ENSO
Peiro, H., Emili, E., Cariolle, D., Barret, B., & Flochmoën, É. L. (2018) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-18-6939-2018 · Cited by 26
“It influences the atmospheric radiative forcing as one of the main absorbers of infrared and ultraviolet radiation (Wang et al., 1980; Lacis et al., 1990).”
Background
Yearly cycle of lower tropospheric ozone at the Arctic Circle
Rummukainen, M., Laurila, T., & Kivi, R. (1996) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/1352-2310(95)00384-3 · Cited by 26
Radiative forcing and climate sensitivity: The ozone experience
Christiansen, B. (1999) · Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society · doi:10.1002/qj.49712556011 · Cited by 26
Stratospheric impact on the Northern Hemisphere winter and spring ozone interannual variability in the troposphere
Liu, J., Rodriguez, J. M., Oman, L. D., Douglass, A. R., Olsen, M. A., & Hu, L. (2020) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-20-6417-2020 · Cited by 24
Global agricultural N2O emission reduction strategies deliver climate benefits with minimal impact on stratospheric O3 recovery
Weber, J., Keeble, J., Abraham, N. L., Beerling, D. J., & Martin, M. V. (2024) · npj Climate and Atmospheric Science · doi:10.1038/s41612-024-00678-2 · Cited by 28
Earth Systems Change over Eastern Europe
(2012) · PH "Akademperiodyka" eBooks · doi:10.15407/akademperiodyka.195.488 · Cited by 25
A 22‐Year Evaluation of Convection Reaching the Stratosphere Over the United States
Homeyer, C. R., & Bowman, K. P. (2021) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2021jd034808 · Cited by 24
Impacts of a near-future supersonic aircraft fleet on atmospheric composition and climate
Eastham, S., Fritz, T., Sanz-Morère, I., Prashanth, P., Allroggen, F., Prinn, R. G., Speth, R., & Barrett, S. (2022) · Environmental Science Atmospheres · doi:10.1039/d1ea00081k · Cited by 22
Impact of stratospheric variability on tropospheric climate change
Dall’Amico, M., Stott, P. A., Scaife, A. A., Gray, L. J., Rosenlof, K. H., & Karpechko, A. Y. (2009) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-009-0580-1 · Cited by 24
“The studies by Hansen et al. (1997) and Lacis et al. (1990) suggest that positive ozone perturbations in the lower stratosphere produce a small radiative forcing and that there is a level between 25 and 30 km where the radiative forcing is zero before it turns into a negative one at upper levels.”
Background
Chlorine activation near the midlatitude tropopause
Thornton, B. F., Toohey, D. W., Tuck, A. F., Elkins, J. W., Kelly, K. K., Hovde, S. J., Richard, E. C., Rosenlof, K. H., Thompson, T. L., Mahoney, M. J., et al. (2007) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2006jd007640 · Cited by 23
Radiative forcing due to changes in tropospheric ozone in the period 1980 to 1996
Myhre, G., Karlsdóttir, S., Isaksen, I. S. A., & Stordal, F. (2000) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2000jd900187 · Cited by 24
Effects on stratospheric ozone and temperature during the Maunder Minimum
Wuebbles, D. J., Wei, C., & Patten, K. O. (1998) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/98gl00057 · Cited by 23
The impact of weather patterns and related transport processes on aviation's contribution to ozone and methane concentrations from NO x emissions
Rosanka, S., Frömming, C., & Grewe, V. (2020) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-20-12347-2020 · Cited by 22
Dynamical drivers of free-tropospheric ozone increases over equatorial Southeast Asia
Stauffer, R. M., Thompson, A. M., Kollonige, D. E., Komala, N., Al-Ghazali, H. K., Risdianto, D. Y., Dindang, A., Jamaluddin, A. F., Sammathuria, M. K., Zakaria, N. B., et al. (2024) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-24-5221-2024 · Cited by 22
Impact of Lightning on Air Chemistry and Climate
Grewe, V. (2008) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9079-0_25 · Cited by 22
Climate forcing of subsonic aviation: Indirect role of sulfate particles via heterogeneous chemistry
Pitari, G., Mancini, E., & Bregman, A. (2002) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2002gl015705 · Cited by 22
“[14] In terms of climate RF, mid-upper tropospheric ozone changes are much more important than those in the lower stratosphere [Lacis et al., 1990].”
Background
Long-term variations in ozone levels in the troposphere and lower stratosphere over Beijing: observations and model simulations
Zhang, Y., Tao, M., Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Chen, H., Cai, Z., & Konopka, P. (2020) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-20-13343-2020 · Cited by 21
Tropospheric ozone, lightning, and climate change
Sinha, A., & Toumi, R. (1997) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/96jd03710 · Cited by 22
Tropospheric ozone budget: regional and global calculationsPreprint
O’Connor, F. M., Law, K. S., Pyle, J. A., Barjat, H., Brough, N., Dewey, K., Green, T., Kent, J., & Phillips, G. J. (2004) · doi:10.5194/acpd-4-991-2004 · Cited by 22

Authors: Lacis, A. A., Wuebbles, D. J., & Logan, J. A.
Affiliations: Goddard Institute for Space Studies (US)
National Center for Supercomputing Applications (BG)
Harvard University (US)
ORCID: Lacis, Andrew A.
Wuebbles, Donald J.
Venue: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published: 1990-06-20
Volume: 95
Issue: D7
Pages: 9971-9981
ISSN: 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1029/jd095id07p09971
OpenAlex: W2057192297
Cited by: 556
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 10.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 8129 d)
Locations: Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
Keywords: radiative forcing, vertical ozone distribution, surface temperature, stratospheric ozone depletion, radiative-convective equilibrium, surface cooling, northern mid-latitudes, ozone trends

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Radiative forcing of climate by changes in the vertical distribution of ozone

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