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Radiative forcing of climate by changes in the vertical distribution of ozone
Abstract
We describe a simple method for evaluating the radiative forcing of surface temperature caused by changes in the vertical distribution of ozone. The method employs a parameterization based on one‐dimensional radiative‐convective equilibrium calculations; these calculations predict that the surface temperature should warm in response to both decreases in ozone above 30 km and increases in ozone below 30 km. The parameterization is used to investigate the response of surface temperature to observed changes in the vertical distribution of ozone at northern mid‐latitudes. We show that the observed ozone trends, taken at face value, suggest a cooling of the surface temperature at northern mid‐latitudes during the 1970s equal in magnitude to about half the warming predicted for CO 2 for the same time period. However, the measurement uncertainty of the observed trends is large, with the best estimates for mid‐latitude cooling being −0.05±0.05°C. The surface cooling is caused by ozone decreases in the lower stratosphere, which outweigh the warming effects of ozone increases in the troposphere. The results obtained differ from predictions based on one‐dimensional photochemical model simulations of ozone trends for the 1970s, which suggest a warming of the surface temperature equal to ∼20% of the warming contributed by CO 2 . Also, the ozone decreases observed in the lower stratosphere during the 1970s produce atmospheric cooling by several tenths of a degree in the 12‐ to 20‐km altitude region over the northern mid‐latitudes. This temperature decrease is larger than the cooling due to CO 2 and thus may obscure the expected stratospheric CO 2 greenhouse signature.
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“Numerous studies have reported its potency as a greenhouse gas at these altitudes, due to its ability to absorb IR, UV and visible radiation [146][147][148][149].”
From Investigation of Biofuel as a Potential Renewable Energy Source (2021) · cites this paper as [147]
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“We find that these changes lead to positive RF, which may be driven by the loss of high‐altitude O 3 (Iglesias‐Suarez et al., 2018; Lacis et al., 1990).”
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“On a per‐molecule basis, O 3 is most effective at warming when it is located in the cold tropopause region (Lacis et al., 1990; Riese et al., 2012).”
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Daskalakis, N. (2022) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-2021-640-ac1
“Tropospheric O3 is itself a greenhouse gas, capturing part of the Earth’s outgoing longwave radiation, thus warming the atmosphere (Bowman et al., 2013; Lacis et al., 1990); and contributing by about 25% to the greenhouse gas forcing due to human activities (Monks et al.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lacis, A. A., Wuebbles, D. J., & Logan, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Goddard Institute for Space Studies (US)
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications (BG)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1990-06-20
- Volume
- 95
- Issue
- D7
- Pages
- 9971-9981
- ISSN
- 0148-0227 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2057192297
- Cited by
- 556
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 10.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Keywords
- radiative forcing, vertical ozone distribution, surface temperature, stratospheric ozone depletion, radiative-convective equilibrium, surface cooling, northern mid-latitudes, ozone trends
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