The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) genomic region: gene‐order, haplotypes and allelic polymorphism
Abstract
Summary: Recent genetic studies have established that the killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) genomic region displays extensive diversity through variation in gene content and allelic polymorphism within individual KIR genes. It is demonstrated by family segregation analysis, genomic sequencing, and gene order determination that genomic diversity by gene content alone gives rise to more than 20 different KIR haplotypes and at least 40–50 KIR genotypes. In the most reductionist format, KIR haplotypes can be accommodated within one of 10 different prototypes, each with multiple permutations. Our haplotype model considers the KIR haplotype as two separate halves: the centromeric half bordered upstream by KIR3DL3 and downstream by 2DL4, and the telomeric half bordered upstream by 2DL4 and downstream by 3DL2. There are rare KIR haplotypes that do not fit into this model. Recombination, gene duplication, and inversion can however, readily explain these haplotypes. Additional allelic polymorphism imposes extensive individual variability. Accordingly, this segment of the human genome displays a level of diversity similar to the one observed for the human major histocompatibility complex. Recent application of immunogenetic analysis of KIR genes in patient populations implicates these genes as important genetic disease susceptibility factors.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Effectiveness of donor natural killer cell alloreactivity in mismatched hematopoietic transplants
Ruggeri, L., Capanni, M., Urbani, E., Perruccio, K., Shlomchik, W. D., Tosti, A., Posati, S., Rogaia, D., Frassoni, F., Aversa, F., et al. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1068440 · Cited by 3,380
In search of the ‘missing self’: MHC molecules and NK cell recognition
Ljunggren, H.-G., & Kärre, K. (1990) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(90)90097-s · Cited by 2,687
HLA-E binds to natural killer cell receptors CD94/NKG2A, B and C
Braud, V. M., Allan, D. S. J., O'Callaghan, C. A., Söderström, K., D'Andrea, A., Ogg, G. S., Lazetic, S., Young, N. T., Bell, J. I., Phillips, J. H., et al. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35869 · Cited by 2,227
NATURAL KILLER CELLS IN ANTIVIRAL DEFENSE: Function and Regulation by Innate Cytokines
Biron, C. A., Nguyen, K. B., Pien, G. C., Cousens, L. P., & Salazar-Mather, T. P. (1999) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.189 · Cited by 2,113
Lanier, L. L. (1998) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.16.1.359 · Cited by 1,648
Direct Recognition of Cytomegalovirus by Activating and Inhibitory NK Cell Receptors
Arase, H., Mocarski, E. S., Campbell, A. E., Hill, A. B., & Lanier, L. L. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1070884 · Cited by 1,230
Epistatic interaction between KIR3DS1 and HLA-B delays the progression to AIDS
Martin, M. P., Gao, X., Lee, J.-H., Nelson, G. W., Detels, R., Goedert, J. J., Buchbinder, S., Hoots, K., Vlahov, D., Trowsdale, J., et al. (2002) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng934 · Cited by 1,189
Rae1 and H60 ligands of the NKG2D receptor stimulate tumour immunity
Diefenbach, A., Jensen, E. R., Jamieson, A. M., & Raulet, D. H. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35093109 · Cited by 1,083
Complete sequence and gene map of a human major histocompatibility complex
The MHC sequencing consortium (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/44853 · Cited by 1,065
Human Diversity in Killer Cell Inhibitory Receptor Genes
Uhrberg, M., Valiante, N. M., Shum, B. P., Shilling, H. G., Lienert-Weidenbach, K., Corliss, B., Tyan, D., Lanier, L. L., & Parham, P. (1997) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80394-5 · Cited by 1,059
Cited by
MHC class I molecules and kirs in human history, health and survival
Parham, P. (2005) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1570 · Cited by 1,203
Ruggeri, L., Mancusi, A., Capanni, M., Urbani, E., Carotti, A., Aloisi, T., Stern, M., Pende, D., Perruccio, K., Burchielli, E., et al. (2007) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2006-07-038687 · Cited by 616
Recognition of peptide–MHC class I complexes by activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptors
Stewart, C. A., Laugier-Anfossi, F., Vély, F., Saulquin, X., Riedmuller, J., Tisserant, A., Gauthier, L., Romagné, F., Ferracci, G., Arosa, F. A., et al. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0503594102 · Cited by 406
Pende, D., Falco, M., Vitale, M., Cantoni, C., Vitale, C., Munari, E., Bertaina, A., Moretta, F., Del Zotto, G., Pietra, G., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01179 · Cited by 389
Donadi, E. A., Castelli, E. C., Arnaiz-Villena, A., Roger, M., Rey, D., & Moreau, P. (2011) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-010-0580-7 · Cited by 362
Metadata
- Authors
- Hsu, K. C., Chida, S., Geraghty, D. E., & Dupont, B.
- Venue
- Immunological Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-12
- Volume
- 190
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 40-52
- ISSN
- 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-065X
- OpenAlex
- W2037763524
- Cited by
- 443
- References
- 65
- FWCI
- 0.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) genomic region: gene‐order, haplotypes and allelic polymorphism. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1034/j.1600-065x.2002.19004.x
- The paper
- Hsu, K. C., Chida, S., Geraghty, D. E., & Dupont, B. (2002). The killer cell immunoglobulin‐like receptor (KIR) genomic region: gene‐order, haplotypes and allelic polymorphism. Immunological Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065x.2002.19004.x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
