Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures on computer-assisted instruction.
Abstract
The impact of computer-assisted cooperative, competitive, and individualistic instruction was compared on student achievement and attitudes. Seventy-three eighth-grade students were randomly assigned to conditions stratifying for sex and ability. In all conditions students completed the same computer-assisted instructional unit. Results indicate that computer-assisted cooperative instruction promotes greater quantity and quality of daily achievement, more successful problem solving, and higher performance on factual recognition, application, and problem-solving test items than do computer-assisted competitive or individualistic learning. The attitudes of females, compared with males, were adversely affected within the competitive condition.
Cites (2)
- Reconsidering Research on Learning from MediaClark, Richard E. · 1983 · Review of Educational Research
- Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures on achievement: A meta-analysis.Johnson, David W., Maruyama, Geoffrey, Johnson, Roger, Nelson, Deborah, Skon, Linda · 1981 · Psychological Bulletin
Cited by (8)
- Peer interaction and learning in small groupsWebb, Noreen M. · 1989 · International Journal of Educational Research
- Promoting early adolescents' achievement and peer relationships: The effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures.Roseth, Cary J., Johnson, David W., Johnson, Roger T. · 2008 · Psychological Bulletin
- Small Group and Individual Learning with Technology: A Meta-AnalysisLou, Yiping, Abrami, Philip C., d’Apollonia, Sylvia · 2001 · Review of Educational Research
- Using game theory and Competition-based Learning to stimulate student motivation and performanceBurguillo, Juan C. · 2010 · Computers & Education
- Task-Related Verbal Interaction and Mathematics Learning in Small GroupsWebb, Noreen M. · 1991 · Journal for Research in Mathematics Education
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures on computer-assisted instruction. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037//0022-0663.77.6.668
- The paper
- Johnson, R. T., Johnson, D. W., & Stanne, M. B. (1985). Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic goal structures on computer-assisted instruction. Journal of Educational Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-0663.77.6.668
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.