The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being?
Abstract
The Internet could change the lives of average citizens as much as did the telephone in the early part of the 20th century and television in the 1950s and 1960s. Researchers and social critics are debating whether the Internet is improving or harming participation in community life and social relationships. This research examined the social and psychological impact of the Internet on 169 people in 73 households during their first 1 to 2 years on-line. We used longitudinal data to examine the effects of the Internet on social involvement and psychological well-being. In this sample, the Internet was used extensively for communication. Nonetheless, greater use of the Internet was associated with declines in participants' communication with family members in the household, declines in the size of their social circle, and increases in their depression and loneliness. These findings have implications for research, for public policy and for the design of technology.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“those with internet addictions in all its forms engage in fewer social activities, spend less time with family and friends, and experience less family closeness”
From Ethics of the Attention Economy: The Problem of Social Media Addiction (2021) · cites this paper as Kraut, Patterson, Lundmark, Kiesler, Mukopadhyay, and Scherlis (1998)
In the citing paper
“The displacement hypothesis posits that ISAs will displace our human relationships, thus increasing loneliness29,30.”
From Loneliness and suicide mitigation for students using GPT3-enabled chatbots (2024) · cites this paper as [29]
In the citing paper
“Use of the internet for entertainment purposes – as a solitary, socially disengaged activity comparable to passive consumption of social media content without active engagement – is thought to displace time spent socialising with others offline, subsequently undermining social connectedness [11, 12].”
From Social media use and social connectedness among adolescents in the United Kingdom: a qualitative exploration of displacement and stimulation (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Where used for communication purposes, online engagement and expansion of social networks were thought to be primarily with weak ties rather than with close family and friends, and as such, of little benefit to psychosocial well-being [11, 13].”
From Social media use and social connectedness among adolescents in the United Kingdom: a qualitative exploration of displacement and stimulation (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“These more potentially hollow popularity-based aspects of friendships are indicative of ‘weak’ ties – a superficial type of peer support compared to the deeper benefits of strong affective ties defined by close emotional, tangible support, mutual respect and trust [11].”
From Social media use and social connectedness among adolescents in the United Kingdom: a qualitative exploration of displacement and stimulation (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Rather than ‘weak ties’ of vast online networks suggested by the displacement hypothesis [11], these were presented as close friendships whose enduring existence was stimulated by SMU in the absence of opportunities for offline interaction.”
From Social media use and social connectedness among adolescents in the United Kingdom: a qualitative exploration of displacement and stimulation (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“We found some limited evidence in favour of the displacement hypothesis [11], whereby time spent using social media was felt by some participants to displace time spent socialising with family or friends face-to-face.”
From Social media use and social connectedness among adolescents in the United Kingdom: a qualitative exploration of displacement and stimulation (2021) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“the displacement hypothesis (Kraut et al. 1998) was first proposed in the early days of the Internet. This hypothesis suggested that the quality of individuals’ offline relationships would suffer as a result of Internet use because high-quality offline relationships would be replaced with time spent in low-quality online interactions.”
From Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships (2018) · cites this paper as Kraut et al. 1998
In the citing paper
“These findings may be explained, in part, by some combination of various media effects theories that have been proposed [115], including the displacement hypothesis [116, 117].”
From Screen time and mental health: a prospective analysis of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (2024) · cites this paper as [116]
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Granovetter, M. S. (1973) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/225469 · Cited by 40,491
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Cohen, P., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410606266 · Cited by 20,870
Armstrong, J. S., & Georgoff, D. M. (1988) · International Journal of Forecasting · doi:10.1016/0169-2070(88)90019-2 · Cited by 18,339
Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.310 · Cited by 18,093
Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital
Putnam, R. D. (1995) · Journal of Democracy · doi:10.1353/jod.1995.0002 · Cited by 14,037
EQS : structural equations program manual
Bentler, P. M. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 9,669
The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier
Rheingold, H. (1994) · Cited by 5,655
Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences.
Tufte, E. R., Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1979) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2286442 · Cited by 5,214
The Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale: concurrent and discriminant validity evidence
Russell, D., Peplau, L. A., & Cutrona, C. E. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.472 · Cited by 5,173
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–500 of 1,034
Hampton, K. N. (2003) · The Information Society · doi:10.1080/714044688 · Cited by 196
Kim, J., & Tussyadiah, I. P. (2013) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2013.751220 · Cited by 202
The Internet and Children’s Psychological Wellbeing
McDool, E., Powell, P., Roberts, J., & Taylor, K. (2020) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.102274 · Cited by 189
Psychotherapy mediated by remote communication technologies: a meta-analytic review
Bee, P. E., Bower, P., Lovell, K., Gilbody, S., Richards, D., Gask, L., & Roach, P. (2008) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-8-60 · Cited by 189
“Whether or not an effective alliance can be delivered in the absence of interpersonal contact thus remains a topic of some debate [20-22].”
BackgroundTokunaga, R. S., & Rains, S. A. (2010) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2010.01386.x · Cited by 210
Depression like characteristics of 5HTTLPR polymorphism and temperament in excessive internet users
Lee, Y. S., Han, D. H., Yang, K. C., Daniels, M. A., Na, C., Kee, B. S., & Renshaw, P. F. (2008) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.10.020 · Cited by 188
Social networking sites and older users – a systematic review
Nef, T., Ganea, R., Müri, R. M., & Mosimann, U. P. (2013) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610213000355 · Cited by 213
Xue, M., & Harker, P. T. (2002) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/1094670502004004003 · Cited by 188
(2007) · PubMed · Cited by 188
Höfer, M., & Aubert, V. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.038 · Cited by 200
Dienlin, T., Masur, P. K., & Trepte, S. (2017) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/jcc4.12183 · Cited by 203
Fernback, J. (2007) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444807072417 · Cited by 205
Teens, Gender, and Self-Presentation in Social Media
Herring, S. C., & Kapidzic, S. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.64108-9 · Cited by 203
Is the Internet Changing Social Life? It Seems the More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same
Tyler, T. R. (2002) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/1540-4560.00256 · Cited by 185
Knaevelsrud, C., & Maercker, A. (2006) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.8.4.e31 · Cited by 184
Interpersonal Communication: Theoretical Perspectives, Future Prospects
Berger, C. R. (2005) · Journal of Communication · doi:10.1093/joc/55.3.415 · Cited by 184
Sensor systems for use in reinforced concrete structures
McCarter, W. J., & Vennesland, Ø. (2004) · Construction and Building Materials · doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.03.008 · Cited by 184
Adolescent cyberbullying: A review of characteristics, prevention and intervention strategies
Ang, R. P.-H. (2015) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.07.011 · Cited by 184
Light, J. S. (2001) · Harvard Educational Review · doi:10.17763/haer.71.4.342x36742j2w4q82 · Cited by 184
Kahne, J. E., Lee, N., & Feezell, J. T. (2013) · Journal of Information Technology & Politics · doi:10.1080/19331681.2012.701109 · Cited by 205
Internet use via mobile phone in Japan
Ishii, K. (2003) · Telecommunications Policy · doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2003.07.001 · Cited by 183
Media and civic socialization of youth
McLeod, J. M. (2000) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(00)00131-2 · Cited by 183
Associations between online friendship and Internet addiction among adolescents and emerging adults.
Šmahel, D., Brown, B. B., & Blinka, L. (2012) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027025 · Cited by 204
Kontos, E. Z., Emmons, K. M., Puleo, E., & Viswanath, K. (2010) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2010.522689 · Cited by 192
The Help-Seeking Strategies of Female Violent-Crime Victims
Kaukinen, C. E. (2004) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260504268000 · Cited by 182
Allen, C., Vassilev, I., Kennedy, A. P., & Rogers, A. E. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5260 · Cited by 192
Wellman, B., Hogan, B., Berg, K., Boase, J., Carrasco, J. A., Côté, R. R., Kayahara, J., Kennedy, T. L. M., & Tran, P. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/1-84628-601-8_8 · Cited by 182
Women's health and the internet: understanding emerging trends and implications
Pandey, S. K., Hart, J., & Tiwary, S. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(02)00019-9 · Cited by 182
Thomée, S., Dellve, L., Härenstam, A., & Hagberg, M. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-66 · Cited by 181
Hadlington, L. J. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.036 · Cited by 180
Tillema, T., Dijst, M., & Schwanen, T. (2010) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444809353011 · Cited by 180
Social self-efficacy, academic locus of control, and internet addiction
İskender, M., & Ahmet Cumhur, A. K. I. N. (2009) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2009.10.014 · Cited by 178
Strategies of parental regulation in the media-rich home
Livingstone, S. (2005) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2005.08.002 · Cited by 178
Gowen, K., Deschaine, M., Gruttadara, D., & Markey, D. (2012) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.2975/35.3.2012.245.250 · Cited by 177
Effects of Excessive Internet Use on Undergraduate Students in Pakistan
Suhail, K., & Bargees, Z. (2006) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.297 · Cited by 176
Goodson, P., McCormick, D., & Evans, A. (2001) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1023/a:1002724116437 · Cited by 175
On The Costs and Benefits of Gaming: The Role of Passion
Lafrenière, M. K., Vallerand, R. J., Donahue, E. G., & Lavigne, G. L. (2009) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0234 · Cited by 175
George, M. J., Russell, M. A., Piontak, J. R., & Odgers, C. L. (2018) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12819 · Cited by 174
Kim, J.-H., & Haridakis, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01478.x · Cited by 174
Problematic Internet Use and Health in Adolescents
Liu, T. C., Desai, R. A., Krishnan‐Sarin, S., Cavallo, D. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10m06057 · Cited by 182
Multimodal Computer-Mediated Communication and Social Support among Older Chinese Internet Users
Xie, B. (2008) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.00417.x · Cited by 183
Psychological and Social Influences on Blog Writing: An Online Survey of Blog Authors in Japan
Miura, A., & Yamashita, K. (2007) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00381.x · Cited by 173
King, D. L., Delfabbro, P., Zwaans, T., & Kaptsis, D. (2013) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867413491159 · Cited by 173
Virtual Reality Induces Dissociation and Lowers Sense of Presence in Objective Reality
Aardema, F., O’Connor, K. P., Côté, S., & Taillon, A. (2010) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0164 · Cited by 173
Facebook psychology: Popular questions answered by research.
Anderson, B., Fagan, P., Woodnutt, T., & Chamorro‐Premuzic, T. (2012) · Psychology of Popular Media Culture · doi:10.1037/a0026452 · Cited by 199
Coyne, S. M., Padilla‐Walker, L. M., Fraser, A. M., Fellows, K. J., & Day, R. D. (2014) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558414538316 · Cited by 185
Wolfradt, U., & Doll, J. (2001) · Journal of Educational Computing Research · doi:10.2190/anpm-ln97-aut2-d2ej · Cited by 182
Can You Hear Me Now? The Impact of Voice in an Online Gaming Community
Williams, D. C., Caplan, S. E., & Xiong, L. (2007) · Human Communication Research · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2958.2007.00306.x · Cited by 173
Mikami, A. Y., Szwedo, D. E., Allen, J. P., Evans, M. A., & Hare, A. L. (2010) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0017420 · Cited by 172
Internet addiction: hours spent online, behaviors and psychological symptoms
Tonioni, F., D'Alessandris, L., Lai, C., Martinelli, D., Corvino, S., Vasale, M., Fanella, F., Aceto, P., & Bria, P. (2011) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2011.09.013 · Cited by 172
Social media use, social displacement, and well-being
Hall, J. A., & Liu, D. (2022) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101339 · Cited by 195
Riva, G. (2002) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/109493102321018222 · Cited by 172
International Plug 'n Play? Citizen Activism, the Internet, and Global Public Policy
Deibert, R. J. (2000) · International Studies Perspectives · doi:10.1111/1528-3577.00026 · Cited by 171
Lost online: an overview of internet addiction
Murali, V., & George, S. (2006) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.bp.106.002907 · Cited by 171
Sum, S., Mathews, M., Pourghasem, M., & Hughes, I. (2008) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2008.01437.x · Cited by 170
Internet dependency and psychosocial maturity among college students
Wang, W. (2001) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1006/ijhc.2001.0510 · Cited by 170
WeChat: social and political development of China’s dominant messaging app
Harwit, E. (2016) · Chinese Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/17544750.2016.1213757 · Cited by 170
Social Stress in the Twenty-First Century
Wheaton, B., Young, M. C., Montazer, S., & Stuart-Lahman, K. (2012) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4276-5_15 · Cited by 177
Mental Health Concerns in the Digital Age
Scott, D. A., Valley, B., & Simecka, B. A. (2016) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-016-9684-0 · Cited by 169
The Relationship Between Loneliness and Internet Use and Abuse
Morahan-Martin, J. M. (1999) · CyberPsychology & Behavior · doi:10.1089/cpb.1999.2.431 · Cited by 169
Internet peer support for individuals with psychiatric disabilities: a randomized controlled trial
Kaplan, K., Salzer, M. S., Solomon, P., Brusilovskiy, E., & Cousounis, P. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.09.037 · Cited by 167
Time Spent on Social Media and Risk of Depression in Adolescents: A Dose–Response Meta-Analysis
Liu, M., Kamper-DeMarco, K. E., Zhang, J., Xiao, J., Dong, D., & Xue, P. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19095164 · Cited by 167
Too Many ‘Friends,’ Too Few ‘Likes’? Evolutionary Psychology and ‘Facebook Depression’
Blease, C. (2015) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/gpr0000030 · Cited by 174
Social media use and friendship closeness in adolescents’ daily lives: An experience sampling study.
Pouwels, J. L., Valkenburg, P. M., Beyens, I., van Driel, I. I., & Keijsers, L. (2021) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0001148 · Cited by 188
Schemer, C., Masur, P. K., Geiß, S., Müller, P., & Schäfer, S. (2021) · Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication · doi:10.1093/jcmc/zmaa014 · Cited by 166
Internet addiction: consensus, controversies, and the way ahead.
Chakraborty, K., Basu, D., & Kumar, K. G. V. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 166
MOBILE PHONE DEPENDENCE AND HEALTH-RELATED LIFESTYLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
Toda, M., Monden, K., Kubo, K., & Morimoto, K. (2006) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.2006.34.10.1277 · Cited by 166
Relationship between internet addiction and depression among Japanese university students.
Seki, T., Hamazaki, K., Natori, T., & Inadera, H. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.055 · Cited by 145
Chen, I.-H., Chen, C.-Y., Pakpour, A. H., Griffiths, M. D., Lin, C.-Y., Li, X.-D., & Tsang, H. W. H. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2021.00006 · Cited by 165
Lee, J., & Lee, H. (2010) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444809343568 · Cited by 171
On the Web at home: Information seeking and Web searching in the home environment
Rieh, S. Y. (2004) · Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology · doi:10.1002/asi.20018 · Cited by 164
Trouble at the Border?: Gender, Flexibility at Work, and the Work-Home Interface
Schieman, S., & Glavin, P. (2008) · Social Problems · doi:10.1525/sp.2008.55.4.590 · Cited by 163
Internet Communication and Its Relation to Well-Being: Identifying Some Underlying Mechanisms
Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007) · Media Psychology · doi:10.1080/15213260709336802 · Cited by 163
Houghton, S., Lawrence, D., Hunter, S. C., Rosenberg, M., Zadow, C., Wood, L., & Shilton, T. (2018) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-018-0901-y · Cited by 162
A typology of social networking sites users
Brandtzæg, P. B., & Heim, J. (2011) · International Journal of Web Based Communities · doi:10.1504/ijwbc.2011.038124 · Cited by 179
Chang, P. F., Choi, Y. H., Bazarova, N. N., & Löckenhoff, C. E. (2015) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1080/08838151.2015.1029126 · Cited by 171
Pathological Internet Use and Risk-Behaviors among European Adolescents
Durkee, T., Carli, V., Floderus, B., Wasserman, C., Sarchiapone, M., Apter, A. S., Balázs, J., Bobes, J., Brunner, R. M., Corcoran, P. E., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13030294 · Cited by 178
Do Internet interventions for consumers cause more harm than good? A systematic review
Bessell, T. L., McDonald, S., Silagy, C. A., Anderson, J. N., Hiller, J. E., & Sansom, L. N. (2002) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1046/j.1369-6513.2002.00156.x · Cited by 162
Antecedents and Consequences of Online Social Networking Behavior: The Case of Facebook
Acar, A. (2008) · Journal of Website Promotion · doi:10.1080/15533610802052654 · Cited by 172
The development of compulsive internet use and mental health: A four-year study of adolescence
Ciarrochi, J., Parker, P., Sahdra, B., Marshall, S., Jackson, C., Gloster, A. T., & Heaven, P. (2016) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000070 · Cited by 160
A study on the continuance participation in on-line communities with social commerce perspective
Hajli, N., Shanmugam, M., Powell, P. L., & Love, P. E. D. (2015) · Technological Forecasting and Social Change · doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2015.03.014 · Cited by 163
Internet Pathways in Suicidality: A Review of the Evidence
Durkee, T., Hadlaczky, G., Westerlund, M., & Carli, V. (2011) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph8103938 · Cited by 170
Odacı, H., & Çelik, Ç. B. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.05.026 · Cited by 160
Poon, L. Y. J., Tsang, H. W. H., Chan, T. Y. J., Man, S. W. T., Ng, L. Y., Wong, Y. L., Lin, C., Chien, C., Griffiths, M. D., Pontes, H. M., et al. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/26821 · Cited by 167
Liu, Q., Fang, X., Deng, L., & Zhang, J. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.02.010 · Cited by 159
Does Facebook increase political participation? Evidence from a field experiment
Theocharis, Y., & Lowe, W. (2015) · Information Communication & Society · doi:10.1080/1369118x.2015.1119871 · Cited by 184
Ben‐Ze’ev, A. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511489785 · Cited by 165
Chen, C., & Leung, L. W. (2015) · Telematics and Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.tele.2015.11.005 · Cited by 158
Khalaila, R., & Vitman-Schorr, A. (2017) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-017-1749-4 · Cited by 162
Liar, liar! An examination of how open, supportive and honest people are in chat rooms
Whitty, M. T. (2002) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0747-5632(01)00059-0 · Cited by 158
Anderson, B., & Tracey, K. (2001) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027640121957295 · Cited by 158
Does online technology make us more or less sociable? A preliminary review and call for research
Waytz, A., & Gray, K. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617746509 · Cited by 157
America’s adolescents: where have we been, where are we going?
Irwin, C. E., Burg, S. J., & Cart, C. U. (2002) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s1054-139x(02)00489-5 · Cited by 157
Digital Parenting: Raising and Protecting Children in Media World
Benedetto, L., & Ingrassia, M. (2020) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.92579 · Cited by 187
The not so Global Village of Netville
Hampton, K. N., & Wellman, B. (2002) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470774298.ch12 · Cited by 160
Facebook and MySpace: Complement or substitute for face-to-face interaction?
Kujath, C. L. (2011) · Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0311 · Cited by 156
The Ties That Bond: Re-Examining the Relationship between Facebook Use and Bonding Social Capital
Jessica Vitak, B., Ellison, N. B., & Steinfield, C. W. (2011) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.1109/hicss.2011.435 · Cited by 166
Groups and Goblins: The Social and Civic Impact of an Online Game
Williams, D. C. (2006) · Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media · doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem5004_5 · Cited by 159
Psychometric Properties of the Revised Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R) in Chinese Adolescents
Mak, K., Lai, C. M., Ko, C., Chou, C., Kim, D., Watanabe, H., & Ho, R. (2014) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-014-9851-3 · Cited by 155
Prevalence and Correlates of Excessive Internet Use among Youth in Singapore
Mythily, S., Qiu, S., & Winslow, M. (2008) · Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore · doi:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v37n1p9 · Cited by 154
Metadata
- Authors
- Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukophadhyay, T., & Scherlis, W.
- Affiliations
- Carnegie Mellon University (US)
- ORCID
- Kraut, Robert
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1017-1031
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2147050295
- Cited by
- 4,793
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 170 · 2025: 172 · 2024: 195 · 2023: 216 · 2022: 216 · 2021: 218 · 2020: 214 · 2019: 190 · 2018: 164 · 2017: 199 · 2016: 180 · 2015: 250 · 2014: 222 · 2013: 219 · 2012: 217
- FWCI
- 340.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Technology Use by Older Adults
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Keywords
- internet use, social engagement, psychological well-being, depression, loneliness, family communication, social networks, interpersonal relationships, technology and society, online communication
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Family Health, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health, Pennsylvania, Social Isolation, Linear Models, Internet
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
