Concurrent and Subsequent Associations Between Daily Digital Technology Use and High-Risk Adolescents’ Mental Health Symptoms
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Abstract Adolescents are spending an unprecedented amount of time using digital technologies (especially mobile technologies), and there are concerns that adolescents’ constant connectivity is associated with poor mental health, particularly among at-risk adolescents. Participants included 151 adolescents at risk for mental health problems (Mage = 13.1) who completed a baseline assessment, 30-day ecological momentary assessment, and 18 month follow-up assessment. Results from multilevel regression models showed that daily reports of both time spent using digital technologies and the number of text messages sent were associated with increased same-day attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder (CD) symptoms. Adolescents’ reported digital technology usage and text messaging across the ecological momentary assessment (EMA) period was also associated with poorer self-regulation and increases in conduct problem symptoms between the baseline and follow-up assessments. The title for this Special Section is Contemporary Mobile Technology and Child and Adolescent Development, edited by Zheng Yan and Lennart Hardell
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In earlier periods, greater time spent online among adolescents was associated with more self-reported depression and anxiety symptoms.
“Historically, adolescents who spent more time online were also more likely to report symptoms of depression and anxiety.”
From Annual Research Review: Adolescent mental health in the digital age: facts, fears, and future directions. (2020) · cites this paper as George, Russell, Piontak, & Odgers, 2018
The paper’s background section reports that earlier studies associated more time online with greater self-reported depressive symptoms among adolescents. Its Discussion also describes older research linking time online to depressive and broader internalizing symptoms, but our copy does not specifically establish the claimed historical association with anxiety symptoms. The paper’s own findings in high-risk adolescents instead found slightly fewer same-day anxiety symptoms with more time online. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn that prior at-risk adolescent sample, small same-day associations with increased externalizing problems were also observed.
“although small same day linkages with increased externalizing problems were also observed”
From Annual Research Review: Adolescent mental health in the digital age: facts, fears, and future directions. (2020) · cites this paper as George et al., 2018
In that prior at-risk adolescent sample, more texts sent were associated with less same-day depression.
“more texts sent were also associated with less same day depression”
From Annual Research Review: Adolescent mental health in the digital age: facts, fears, and future directions. (2020) · cites this paper as George et al., 2018
In prior research with adolescents at risk for substance use and externalizing problems, more time online, more texting, and a greater number of texts sent were associated with less same-day anxiety.
“more time spent online, texting, and a greater number of texts sent were associated with less same day anxiety”
From Annual Research Review: Adolescent mental health in the digital age: facts, fears, and future directions. (2020) · cites this paper as George et al., 2018
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- Authors
- George, M. J., Russell, M. A., Piontak, J. R., & Odgers, C. L.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Odgers, Candice L
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-01-01
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 78-88
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- PMC
- PMC5670031
- OpenAlex
- W2611804237
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 33.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- DukeSpace (Duke University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- William T. Grant Foundation
- Verizon Foundation
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32 DA017629, P50 DA010075, P50 DA039838)
- Jacobs Foundation
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Education › Child Development and Digital Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- digital technology use, mobile technology, at-risk youth, psychiatric symptoms, ADHD symptoms, text messaging, self-regulation, adolescent mental health, ecological momentary assessment
- MeSH terms
- Self-Control, Ecological Momentary Assessment, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Computers, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Risk, Conduct Disorder, Text Messaging
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