The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans.
Open accessAbstract
When people encounter problems in translating their goals into action (e.g., failing to get started, becoming distracted, or falling into bad habits), they may strategically call on automatic processes in an attempt to secure goal attain-ment. This can be achieved by plans in the form of imple-mentation intentions that link anticipated critical situations to goal-directed responses ("Whenever situation x arises, I will initiate the goal-directed response y!"). Implementa-tion intentions delegate the control of goal-directed re-sponses to anticipated situational cues, which (when actu-ally encountered) elicit these responses automatically. A program of research demonstrates that implementation intentions further the attainment of goals, and it reveals the underlying processes. Good resolutions are useless attempts to interfere with scientific laws. Their origin is pure vanity. Their result is absolutely nil. —Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray G ood intentions have a bad reputation. People whoform New Year's resolutions earn at best a sym-pathetic smile when they announce their heroic intentions (e.g., exercising regularly, avoiding unhealthy foods). Though the audience may concede that such reso-lutions are made with good will (Oscar Wilde is less trusting), they doubt their effectiveness. This suspicion is deeply rooted. Folklore tells us that "the road to hell is paved with good intentions." Do good intentions deserve this bad reputation? As the many empirical studies based on Ajzen's (1985) theory of planned behavior demonstrate, there is no reason to assume that good intentions have nil effects or even negative ef-fects on behavior. Quite to the contrary, strong intentions (e.g., "I strongly intend to do x") are reliably observed to be realized more often than weak intentions (see reviews by
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This lack of variation likely reflects a shared understanding in the literature—grounded in theoretical work by Gollwitzer (1999)—that cues should be concrete and salient (see also Schaaf et al., 2025).”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer, 1999
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“another common strategy is the use of “implementation intentions” (Gilbert, Gollwitzer, Cohen, Burgess, & Oettingen, 2009; Gollwitzer, 1999), where an intended thought or action is mentally linked with a specific anticipated situational cue.”
From Strategic offloading of delayed intentions into the external environment (2015) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer, 1999
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Implementation intentions have been introduced as a ‘simple’ strategy that helps people translate their good intentions into action (Gollwitzer, 1999).”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer, 1999
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These findings support the idea that implementation intentions are a ‘simple’ strategy (Gollwitzer, 1999) that is especially suitable for children and capable of compensating for developmental or clinical self‐regulation deficits.”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer, 1999
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The absence of a significant decrease in effect sizes for studies with longer time intervals could suggest that implementation intentions may have lasting effects, which is consistent with the idea that they promote instant habit formation (Gollwitzer, 1999).”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer, 1999
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A powerful self-regulation strategy geared towards facilitating the control of specific critical goal-directed behaviors is the making of if-then plans (i.e., forming implementation intentions, Gollwitzer, 1999).”
From Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD (2008) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer, 1999
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This finding supports the assumption (Gollwitzer, 1999) that action control by implementation intentions is an efficient strategy (i.e., requires few cognitive resources).”
From Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD (2008) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer, 1999
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The theory of planned behavior
Ajzen, I. (1991) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t · Cited by 90,587
From Intentions to Actions: A Theory of Planned Behavior
Ajzen, I. (1985) · Action Control · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-69746-3_2 · Cited by 19,057
Higgins, E. T. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.12.1280 · Cited by 6,775
Social psychology: handbook of basic principles
Higgins, E., & Kruglanski, A. (2008) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.45-3496 · Cited by 5,535
The Theory of Planned Behavior
Ajzen, I. (2012) · SAGE Publications Ltd eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446249215.n22 · Cited by 5,514
A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance
Tosi, H. L., Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1991) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258875 · Cited by 4,840
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory
Bourne, L. E. (1977) · Cited by 4,328
Wyer, R. S., & Srull, T. K. (2014) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315807102 · Cited by 4,211
Tosi, H. L. (1991) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1991.4278976 · Cited by 4,147
Specific impairments of planning
Shallice, T. (1982) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. B, Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1982.0082 · Cited by 3,741
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Aarts, H., Dijksterhuis, A., & Midden, C. (in press). To plan or not to plan? Goal achievement or interrupting the performance of mundane behaviors. European Journal of Social Psychology.
- Braff, D. L., Saccuzzo, D. P., & Geyer, M. (1991). Information processing dysfunctions in schizophrenia. In S. R. Steinhauer, J. H. Gruzelier, & J. Zubin (Eds.), Handbook of schizophrenia: Neuropsychology, psycho- physiology and information processing (Vol. 5, pp. 303-334). Amster- dam: Elsevier.
- Malzacher, J. T. (1992). Erleichtern Vorsatze die Handlungsinitiierung? [Do implementation intentions facilitate the initiation of behavior?]. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ludwig-Maximilian-Universitat, Munich, Germany.
- Remlinger, J. (1997). Vorsatzeffekte bei Opiatabhdngigen [Implementa- tion intention effects in opiate addicts]. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Konstanz, Germany.
- Schmitt, S. (1997). Zur Wirkungsweise von Vorsatzeffekten bei schizo- phren Erkrankten [Implementation intention effects in schizophrenic patients]. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Konstanz, Ger- many.
- Sheeran, P., & Orbell, S. (1999). Implementation intentions and repeated behaviors: Augmenting the predictive validity of the theory of planned behavior. European Journal of Social Psychology, 29, 349-370.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 1,045
Machin, M., & Fogarty, G. J. (2003) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1025082920860 · Cited by 108
Dieting, overweight, and obesity: Self-regulation in a food-rich environment.
Stroebe, W. (2008) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/11753-000 · Cited by 92
Errors in Creative Thought? Cognitive Biases in a Complex Processing Activity
Mumford, M. D., Blair, C., Dailey, L. R., Leritz, L. E., & Osburn, H. K. (2006) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/j.2162-6057.2006.tb01267.x · Cited by 87
Liu, W. J., & Aaker, J. L. (2006) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.02.004 · Cited by 89
New Ways to Make People Save: A Social Marketing Approach
Lusardi, A., Keller, P. A., & Keller, A. M. (2009) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w14715 · Cited by 90
Hamilton, K., Price, S., Keech, J. J., Peden, A. E., & Hagger, M. S. (2017) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.12.013 · Cited by 92
Warreman, E. B., Lambregts, M. M. C., Wouters, R. H. P., Visser, L. G., Staats, H., van Dijk, E., & de Boer, M. G. J. (2018) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2018.09.006 · Cited by 88
Potthoff, S., Rasul, O., Sniehotta, F. F., Marques, M. M., Beyer, F. R., Thomson, R., Avery, L., & Presseau, J. (2019) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2018.1547119 · Cited by 94
Psychology and social networks: A dynamic network theory perspective.
Westaby, J. D., Pfaff, D. L., & Redding, N. S. (2014) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0036106 · Cited by 98
Increasing Physical Exercise Levels
Scholz, U., Sniehotta, F. F., Burkert, S., & Schwarzer, R. (2007) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264307305207 · Cited by 93
Budworth, M.-H. E., Latham, G. P., & Manroop, L. (2014) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.21618 · Cited by 101
Cheema, A., & Patrick, V. M. (2008) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.45.4.462 · Cited by 88
Interfaces of social psychology with situated and embodied cognition
Semin, G. R., & Smith, E. R. (2002) · Cognitive Systems Research · doi:10.1016/s1389-0417(02)00049-9 · Cited by 88
Scheerman, J. F. M., van Loveren, C., van Meijel, B., Dusseldorp, E., Wartewig, E., Verrips, G. H. W., Ket, J. C. F., & van Empelen, P. (2016) · Community Dentistry And Oral Epidemiology · doi:10.1111/cdoe.12224 · Cited by 88
Teaching Happiness to Teachers - Development and Evaluation of a Training in Subjective Well-Being
Rahm, T., & Heise, E. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02703 · Cited by 88
“Also, the participants were encouraged to form so-called implementation intentions (Gollwitzer, 1999) in order to increase the probability that the “homework” to be done during the training (Emotion Diary, Three Good Things, and Happiness Day) would actually be carried out.”
BackgroundIntention Towards Digital Social Entrepreneurship: An Integrated Model
Ghatak, A., Chatterjee, S., & Bhowmick, B. (2020) · Journal of Social Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1080/19420676.2020.1826563 · Cited by 95
The Fewer the Better: Number of Goals and Savings Behavior
Soman, D., & Zhao, M. (2011) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmr.10.0250 · Cited by 93
Things to Do Today . . . : A Daily Diary Study on Task Completion at Work
Claessens, B. J. C., van Eerde, W., Rutte, C. G., & Roe, R. A. (2009) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2009.00390.x · Cited by 97
Taymoori, P., Rhodes, R. E., & Berry, T. R. (2008) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyn051 · Cited by 87
Vernon, S. W., Bartholomew, L. K., McQueen, A., Bettencourt, J. L., Greisinger, A., Coan, S. P., Lairson, D., Chan, W., Hawley, S. T., & Myers, R. E. (2011) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9258-5 · Cited by 87
Inauen, J., Tobias, R. M., & Mosler, H. (2013) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12068 · Cited by 86
der Mispel, C. V., Poppe, L., Crombez, G., Verloigne, M., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7277 · Cited by 87
Keller, J., Fleig, L., Hohl, D. H., Wiedemann, A. U., Burkert, S., Łuszczyńska, A., & Knoll, N. (2017) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.07.025 · Cited by 89
Sherkat, A., & Chenari, A. (2020) · Studies in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03075079.2020.1732906 · Cited by 91
Social Psychological Factors in Lifestyle Change and Their Relevance to Policy
Maio, G. R., Verplanken, B., Manstead, A. S. R., Stroebe, W., Abraham, C., Sheeran, P., & Conner, M. T. (2007) · Social Issues and Policy Review · doi:10.1111/j.1751-2409.2007.00005.x · Cited by 87
Understanding Intentions and Action in Colorectal Cancer Screening
Power, E., van Jaarsveld, C. H. M., McCaffery, K. J., Miles, A., Atkin, W. S., & Wardle, J. (2008) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-008-9034-y · Cited by 86
Brandstätter, V., Heimbeck, D., Malzacher, J., & Fresé, M. (2003) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/13594320344000011 · Cited by 88
Implementation intentions and the willful pursuit of prosocial goals in negotiations
Trötschel, R., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2006.06.002 · Cited by 87
Self-citationNudge management: applying behavioural science to increase knowledge worker productivity
Ebert, P. A., & Freibichler, W. (2017) · Journal of Organization Design · doi:10.1186/s41469-017-0014-1 · Cited by 86
Why Students Procrastinate: A Qualitative Approach
Klingsieck, K. B., Grund, A., Schmid, S., & Fries, S. (2013) · Journal of College Student Development · doi:10.1353/csd.2013.0060 · Cited by 128
Hattar, A., Pal, S., & Hagger, M. S. (2016) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12065 · Cited by 85
Brown, D. J., Hagger, M. S., Morrissey, S. A., & Hamilton, K. (2017) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.11.106 · Cited by 91
Leroy, S., & Glomb, T. M. (2018) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2017.1184 · Cited by 98
Bélanger‐Gravel, A., Godin, G., Bilodeau, A., & Poirier, P. (2012) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2012.723711 · Cited by 85
Webb, T. L., Christian, J., & Armitage, C. J. (2007) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2007.03.001 · Cited by 84
Asking questions can change choice behavior: Does it do so automatically or effortfully?
Fitzsimons, G. J., & Williams, P. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037//1076-898x.6.3.195 · Cited by 85
Scholz, U., Knoll, N., Sniehotta, F. F., & Schwarzer, R. (2006) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.11.035 · Cited by 85
Oldham, M., Kellett, S., Miles, E., & Sheeran, P. (2012) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0029630 · Cited by 84
“The formation of an if–then plan (or implementation intention) reduces the gap between intentions and action (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
Strategic regulation of mimicry effects by implementation intentions
Wieber, F., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2014.02.002 · Cited by 83
Self-citationFishbach, A., & Hofmann, W. (2015) · Motivation Science · doi:10.1037/mot0000022 · Cited by 94
Daily playful work design: A trait activation perspective
Scharp, Y. S., Breevaart, K., Bakker, A. B., & van der Linden, D. (2019) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2019.103850 · Cited by 98
Duckworth, A. L., & Gross, J. J. (2020) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.09.002 · Cited by 113
Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour to design a food hygiene intervention
Mullan, B., & Wong, C. (2010) · Food Control · doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.04.026 · Cited by 84
Staying on track: Planned goal striving is protected from disruptive internal states
Bayer, U. C., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Achtziger, A. (2010) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.01.002 · Cited by 83
Self-citationSemantic generalization of stimulus-task bindings
Waszak, F., Hommel, B., & Allport, A. (2004) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03196732 · Cited by 84
Ziegelmann, J. P., Łuszczyńska, A., Lippke, S., & Schwarzer, R. (2007) · Rehabilitation Psychology · doi:10.1037/0090-5550.52.1.97 · Cited by 84
Social psychology of exercise and sport
Hagger, M. S., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2005) · Open University Press eBooks · Cited by 85
The aging self : shifting from promoting gains to balancing losses
Freund, A. M., & Ebner, N. C. (2005) · Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics · Cited by 82
de Bruijn, G., Gardner, B., van Osch, L., & Sniehotta, F. F. (2013) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-013-9348-4 · Cited by 88
IGNORED NO MORE: WITHIN‐PERSON VARIABILITY ENABLES BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF TRAINING TRANSFER
Huang, J. L., Ford, J., & Ryan, A. (2017) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/peps.12155 · Cited by 64
The power of prospection: mental contrasting and behavior change
Oettingen, G., & Reininger, K. M. (2016) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12271 · Cited by 85
Health Coaching as an Intervention in Health Management Programs
Butterworth, S. W., Linden, A., & McClay, W. (2007) · Disease Management & Health Outcomes · doi:10.2165/00115677-200715050-00004 · Cited by 83
Williams, M. A., Williamson, E. M., Heine, P., Nichols, V. P., Glover, M. J., Dritsaki, M., Adams, J., Dosanjh, S., Underwood, M. R., Rahman, A., et al. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta19190 · Cited by 84
Instruction-induced feature binding
Wenke, D., Gaschler, R., & Nattkemper, D. (2005) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-005-0038-y · Cited by 83
Feelings, Fit, and Funny Effects: A Situated Cognition Perspective
Schwarz, N. (2006) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmkr.43.1.20 · Cited by 83
Thoolen, B., de Ridder, D. T. D., Bensing, J. M., Gorter, K. J., & Rutten, G. E. H. M. (2007) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyl160 · Cited by 82
CEOS Theory: A Comprehensive Approach to Understanding Hard to Maintain Behaviour Change
Borland, R. (2016) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12083 · Cited by 82
‘Let’s move:’ a systematic review of spouse-involved interventions to promote physical activity
Richards, E. A., Franks, M. M., McDonough, M. H., & Porter, K. (2017) · International Journal of Health Promotion and Education · doi:10.1080/14635240.2017.1415160 · Cited by 82
How imagining personal future scenarios influences affect: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Schubert, T., Eloo, R., Scharfen, J., & Nexhmedin Morina, B. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101811 · Cited by 96
Armitage, C. J., & Arden, M. A. (2010) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440903121638 · Cited by 82
Enhancing Intrinsic Motivation in Health Promotion and Wellness
Seifert, C. M., Chapman, L. S., Hart, J. K., & Perez, P. (2011) · American Journal of Health Promotion · doi:10.4278/ajhp.26.3.tahp · Cited by 82
Bondt, W. F. M. D., & Thaler, R. H. (2002) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511808098.040 · Cited by 82
Organized Youth Activities as Contexts for Positive Development
Larson, R. W., Jarrett, R. L., Hansen, D. T., Pearce, N., Sullivan, P., Walker, K., Watkins, N. D., & Wood, D. (2004) · doi:10.1002/9780470939338.ch33 · Cited by 82
Durable effects of implementation intentions: Reduced rates of confirmed pregnancy at 2 years.
Miller, J. G., Sheeran, P., Slade, P., Wright, A., & Dibble, T. (2011) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022739 · Cited by 81
Antimicrobial resistance: moving from professional engagement to public action
Ashiru-Oredope, D. A. I., & Hopkins, S. (2015) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkv297 · Cited by 81
Hamilton, K., Bonham, M. D., Bishara, J., Kroon, J., & Schwarzer, R. (2016) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-016-9605-4 · Cited by 83
Weinhardt, J. M., & Sitzmann, T. (2018) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.06.004 · Cited by 92
An implementation intentions intervention to increase uptake of mammography
Rutter, D. R., Steadman, L., & Quine, L. (2006) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm3202_10 · Cited by 81
Predicting Treatment Seekers' Readiness to Change Their Drinking Behavior in the COMBINE Study
DiClemente, C. C., Doyle, S. R., & Donovan, D. M. (2009) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.00905.x · Cited by 85
Advancing Our Understanding of Team Motivation
Park, G., Spitzmüller, M., & DeShon, R. P. (2013) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206312471389 · Cited by 93
Self-predictions overweight strength of current intentions
Koehler, D. J., & Poon, C. S. K. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2005.08.003 · Cited by 80
Implementation intentions as goal primes: Boosting self‐control in tempting environments
van Koningsbruggen, G. M., Stroebe, W., Papies, E. K., & Aarts, H. (2011) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.799 · Cited by 79
Wang, Y., Lewis, M. V., Cryder, C. E., & Sprigg, J. (2016) · Marketing Science · doi:10.1287/mksc.2015.0966 · Cited by 81
From Having an Idea to Doing Something With it: Self-Regulation for Creativity
Ivčević, Z., & Nusbaum, E. C. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809790-8.00020-0 · Cited by 91
Grunschel, C., Patrzek, J., Klingsieck, K. B., & Fries, S. (2018) · Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community · doi:10.1080/10852352.2016.1198166 · Cited by 95
Băban, A., & Crăciun, I. C. (2007) · Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies · Cited by 79
A critical review of question–behavior effect research
Dholakia, U. M. (2010) · Review of marketing research · doi:10.1108/s1548-6435(2010)0000007009 · Cited by 79
Retrieval experience in prospective memory: Strategic monitoring and spontaneous retrieval
Meier, B., Zimmermann, T. D., & Perrig, W. J. (2006) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210600783774 · Cited by 80
No anticipation–no action: the role of anticipation in action and perception
Kunde, W., Elsner, K., & Kiesel, A. (2007) · Cognitive Processing · doi:10.1007/s10339-007-0162-2 · Cited by 82
On the role of episodic future simulation in encoding of prospective memories
Brewer, G. A., & Marsh, R. L. (2009) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588920903373960 · Cited by 80
Integrating Models of Self-RegulationPreprint
Inzlicht, M., Werner, K. M., Briskin, J. L., & Roberts, B. W. (2020) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/dpjye · Cited by 91
de Bruijn, G.-J., Kroeze, W., Oenema, A., & Brug, J. (2008) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2008.03.012 · Cited by 78
Lavazza, A. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00262 · Cited by 90
Ferguson, J., Keyworth, C., & Tully, M. P. (2017) · Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.03.001 · Cited by 79
The emerging role of the internal coach.
Frisch, M. H. (2001) · Consulting psychology journal · doi:10.1037/1061-4087.53.4.240 · Cited by 79
Chow, S. C., & Mullan, B. A. (2009) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2009.09.018 · Cited by 79
Elliott, M. A., & Armitage, C. J. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/1076-898x.12.2.108 · Cited by 79
On the representational systems underlying prospection: Evidence from the event-cueing paradigm
D’Argembeau, A., & Demblon, J. (2012) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2012.07.008 · Cited by 84
A Multidimensional Approach to Apathy after Traumatic Brain Injury
Arnould, A., Rochat, L., Azouvi, P., & der Linden, M. V. (2013) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-013-9236-3 · Cited by 94
The Impact of Situational Influences on Corruption in Organizations
Rabl, T. (2011) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-011-0768-2 · Cited by 78
Ratner, R. K., Soman, D., Zauberman, G. S., Dan Ariely, C., Carmon, Z., Keller, P. A., Kim, B. K., Lin, F., Malkoc, S. A., Small, D. A., et al. (2008) · Marketing Letters · doi:10.1007/s11002-008-9044-3 · Cited by 81
Practice nurses’ intentions to use clinical guidelines
Puffer, S., & Rashidian, A. (2004) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03129.x · Cited by 80
Lin, C., Updegraff, J. A., & Pakpour, A. H. (2016) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.05.030 · Cited by 79
Baumeister, R. F., & Monroe, A. E. (2014) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800284-1.00001-1 · Cited by 88
Churchill, S., & Jessop, D. C. (2010) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870441003611536 · Cited by 78
The goal concept: A helpful tool for theory development and testing in motivation science.
Gollwitzer, P. M. (2018) · Motivation Science · doi:10.1037/mot0000115 · Cited by 83
Self-citationWrosch, C., & Scheier, M. F. (2019) · Advances in motivation science · doi:10.1016/bs.adms.2019.07.001 · Cited by 91
Kinsella, G., Ames, D. J., Storey, E., Ong, B., Pike, K. E., Saling, M. M., Clare, L., Mullaly, E., & Rand, E. H. (2015) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-150378 · Cited by 82
Defensive Pessimism, Anxiety, and the Complexity of Evaluating Self‐Regulation
Norem, J. K. (2007) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2007.00053.x · Cited by 79
L'apprentissage autorégulé : perspectives en formation d'adultes
Cosnefroy, L. (2011) · Savoirs · doi:10.3917/savo.023.0009 · Cited by 115
Metadata
- Authors
- Gollwitzer, P. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Gollwitzer, Peter M.
- ORCID
- Gollwitzer, Peter M.
- Venue
- American Psychologist
- Published
- 1999-07
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 493-503
- ISSN
- 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
- 1935-990X
- OpenAlex
- W2133044046
- Cited by
- 5,478
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 228 · 2025: 195 · 2024: 214 · 2023: 313 · 2022: 248 · 2021: 284 · 2020: 404 · 2019: 288 · 2018: 301 · 2017: 284 · 2016: 281 · 2015: 270 · 2014: 279 · 2013: 252 · 2012: 238
- FWCI
- 96.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Locations
- American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Universität Konstanz
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Keywords
- implementation intentions, goal achievement, automatic processes, goal-directed behavior, situational cues, habit formation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
