Cited by 7,766Education, Achievement, and GiftednessHuman Behavior and MotivationBehavioral Health and Interventions

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 129 of the 131 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.

Locke, Edwin A., Latham, Gary P.·2002·American Psychologist

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The authors summarize 35 years of empirical research on goal-setting theory, describing the core findings of the theory, the mechanisms by which goals operate, moderators of goal effects, the relation of goals and satisfaction, and the role of goals as mediators of incentives.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0003-066x.57.9.705

Cites

129 of 129 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

7 more claims about this paper

Create a free account to see every claim other papers make about this one.

See all claims — free account

Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1914185 · Cited by 48,524
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835
Untitled work
(1975) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 36,737
Self-efficacy: the exercise of control
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1826 · Cited by 24,281
Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations
Longshore, J. M., & Bass, B. M. (1987) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258081 · Cited by 12,412
Research in Organizational Behavior.
Grimes, A. J., Cummings, L. L., & Staw, B. M. (1986) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392975 · Cited by 10,899
A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.
Dweck, C. S., & Leggett, E. L. (1988) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.95.2.256 · Cited by 9,745
Motivational processes affecting learning.
Dweck, C. S. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.10.1040 · Cited by 6,971
Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-5278 · Cited by 5,483
A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance
Tosi, H. L., Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1991) · The Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258875 · Cited by 4,839
Self-citation

Show all 131 references

Research works printed but not linked: 9

Atkinson, 1958, Towards experimental analysis of human motivation in terms of motives, expectancies and incentives., 288
Bandura, 1986, Social foundations of thought and action: A social-cognitive theory.
Howard, 1988, Managerial lives in transition.
Kanfer, 1970, Self-regulation: Research, issues and speculation., 178
Locke, 1997, The motivation to work: What we know., Vol. 10, 375
Locke, 1997, Participation in decision-making: An information exchange perspective., Vol. 15, XXX
Ryan, 1970, Intentional behavior.
Vroom, 1964, The motivation to work.
Wood, 1990, Goal setting and strategy effects on complex tasks., Vol. 12, 73

Items 2,501–2,600 of 6,066

Using Individual and Collaborative Challenges in Behavior Change Support Systems: Findings from a Two-Month Field Trial of a Trip Planner Application
Schrammel, J., Prost, S., Mattheiss, E. E., Bothos, E., & Tscheligi, M. (2015) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20306-5_15 · Cited by 15
Exploring the creation of systemic value for the customer in Advanced Multi-Play
Mikkonen, K. (2011) · Telecommunications Policy · doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2010.12.005 · Cited by 14
Validation de la version française de l'échelle de réflexivité en groupe de Carter et West, 1998
Facchin, S., Tschan, F., Gurtner, A., Cohen, D., & Dupuis, A. (2006) · Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations · doi:10.1016/j.pto.2006.09.003 · Cited by 16
Don't bother me: learning as a function of task autonomy and cognitive demands
Wielenga-Meijer, E. G. A., Taris, T. W., Wigboldus, D. H. J., & Kompier, M. A. J. (2012) · Human Resource Development International · doi:10.1080/13678868.2011.646898 · Cited by 20
Chapter 1 Emotional intelligence and wise emotion regulation in the workplace
Côté, S., Miners, C. T. H., & Moon, S. (2007) · Research on emotion in organizations · doi:10.1016/s1746-9791(06)02001-3 · Cited by 14
Nurturing Talent, Creativity, and Productive Giftedness
Paik, S. J. (2013) · SensePublishers eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-6209-149-8_8 · Cited by 14
How Much Effort Will I Put into My Work? It Depends on Your Type of Motivation
den Broeck, A. V., Carpini, J. A., Leroy, H., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781119168058.ch19 · Cited by 14
Can Simple Psychological Interventions Increase Preventive Health Investment?
Haushofer, J., John, A., & Orkin, K. (2019) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w25731 · Cited by 17
Trading Mental Effort for Confidence in the Metacognitive Control of Value-Based Decision-MakingPreprint
Lee, D. G., & Jean Daunizeau, A. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/837054 · Cited by 14
Gamifying accelerometer use increases physical activity levels of individuals pre-disposed to type II diabetes
Francis, S. L., Simmering, J. E., Polgreen, L. A., Evans, N. J., Hosteng, K. R., Carr, L. J., Cremer, J. F., Coe, S., Cavanaugh, J. E., Segre, A. M., et al. (2021) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101426 · Cited by 13
“(Locke and Latham, 2002) To minimize discouragement from being placed in a less-active league, participants were purposefully not informed of their league placement.”
Background
Exploring goal‐setting as a tool for leadership development
Kaufman, E. K., Israel, G. D., & Rudd, R. D. (2008) · Journal of Leadership Studies · doi:10.1002/jls.20032 · Cited by 13
Goal Setting, Information, and Goal Revision: A Field Experiment
van Lent, M. (2019) · German Economic Review · doi:10.1111/geer.12199 · Cited by 13
Will hope and career adapt-abilities bring students closer to their career goals? An investigation through the career construction model of adaptation
Korkmaz, O. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-02932-3 · Cited by 17
Role of perceived events in university graduates' job search self-efficacy and success
Guan, Y., Zhou, X., Zheng, Y., Wen, S., Fu, Y., Hu, N., Fu, A., Han, Y., & Wang, Z. (2022) · Journal of Vocational Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103741 · Cited by 21
Do Hexad User Types Matter? Effects of (Non-) Personalized Gamification on Task Performance and User Experience in an Image Tagging Task
Altmeyer, M., Zenuni, B., Spelt, H., Jegen, T., Lessel, P., & Krüger, A. (2022) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3549491 · Cited by 12
Setting goal difficulty in monetary incentives to physicians: evidence from an online health knowledge-sharing platform
Dang, Y., Guo, S., Song, H., & Li, Y. (2023) · Information Technology and People · doi:10.1108/itp-11-2021-0901 · Cited by 13
Motivation in Aphasia Treatment: Self-Determination Theory Applied to the FOURC Model
Biel, M., & Haley, K. L. (2023) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2022_ajslp-22-00251 · Cited by 16
Continuing or withdrawing from endurance sport events under environmental uncertainty: athletes’ decision-making
Peng, Q., Liu, C., Scelles, N., & Inoue, Y. (2023) · Sport Management Review · doi:10.1080/14413523.2023.2190431 · Cited by 16
Does budget target setting lead managers to engage in unethical behavior for the organization?
Fukushima, K., & Yamada, A. (2021) · The British Accounting Review · doi:10.1016/j.bar.2023.101218 · Cited by 18
Setting individualised goals for people living with dementia and their family carers: A systematic review of goal-setting outcome measures and their psychometric properties
Budgett, J., Sommerlad, A., Kupeli, N., Zabihi, S., Olsen, A., & Cooper, C. (2023) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/14713012231222309 · Cited by 16
The influence of learning analytics dashboard information design on cognitive load and performance
Cheng, N., Zhao, W., Xu, X., Liu, H., & Tao, J. (2024) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-12606-1 · Cited by 15
“1 A graphic depiction of the conceptual framework (Locke & Latham, 2002 ).”
A goal-driven framework for compliance-dependent services: Pathways to customer satisfaction and well-being
Tang, C., Guo, L., & Gruen, T. W. (2024) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114647 · Cited by 14
Conscientiousness makes effort less frustrating
Bates, T. C. (2024) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2024.112690 · Cited by 19
Powering Pro-Environment Behavior: The Impact of Unlocking Reward Strategy on Pro-Environmental Behavior
Yang, Z., He, L., & Huang, T. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16219561 · Cited by 15
Is Business Planning Useful for Entrepreneurs? A Review and Recommendations
Nakajima, H., & Sekiguchi, T. (2025) · Businesses · doi:10.3390/businesses5010010 · Cited by 23
Transformational leadership and project success: the mediating roles of team reflexivity and project team resilience
Han, H., Ma, C., Yang, D., & Zhao, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1504108 · Cited by 23
“The establishment of clear, well-deﬁned, and appropriately challenging goals has been demonstrated to enhance both motivation and performance outcomes (Locke and Latham, 2002).”
Self‐Regulation in Goal Striving: Individual Differences and Situational Moderators of the Goal‐Framing/Performance Link1
Roney, C. J. R., & Lehman, D. R. (2008) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00410.x · Cited by 13
All Aboard? Evidence-Based Management and the Future of Management Scholarship
Barzelay, M., & Thompson, F. (2009) · International Public Management Journal · doi:10.1080/10967490903094087 · Cited by 13
Stress among public middle managers dealing with reforms
Giauque, D. (2016) · Journal of Health Organization and Management · doi:10.1108/jhom-06-2016-0111 · Cited by 19
All that glitters is not gold
Church, A. H., Giudice, M. J. D., & Margulies, A. L. (2017) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-05-2016-0127 · Cited by 13
When Problems Lead to Ideas: The Roles of Daily Vigor and Social Interactions
Groenewoudt, A. C., Rooks, G., & van Gool, P. J. R. (2017) · The Journal of Creative Behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.179 · Cited by 13
An Intervention to Promote Positive Teacher–Student Relationships and Self-Determination Among Adolescents With Emotional Disturbance
Lind, J. R., Poppen, M. I., & Murray, C. (2016) · Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals · doi:10.1177/2165143416683936 · Cited by 14
A model to facilitate implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health into prosthetics and orthotics
Jarl, G. M., & Ramstrand, N. (2017) · Prosthetics and Orthotics International · doi:10.1177/0309364617729925 · Cited by 13
Un enfoque estratégico de la motivación laboral y la satisfacción laboral
Revuelto‐Taboada, L. (2018) · Revista Perspectiva Empresarial · doi:10.16967/rpe.v5n2a1 · Cited by 29
Self-regulated learning lens on trainee perceptions of the mini-CEX: a qualitative study
Kipen, E., Flynn, E. M., & Woodward‐Kron, R. E. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026796 · Cited by 14
The effects of self-efficacy, process feedback, and task complexity on escalation of commitment in new product development
Liang, B. (2019) · Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing · doi:10.1108/jbim-02-2019-0096 · Cited by 12
Daily change patterns in mindfulness and psychological health: A pilot intervention
Kim, S. Y., Suh, H., Oh, W., & Daheim, J. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23043 · Cited by 13
Effect of High-Performance Work Practices on Academic Research Productivity
Perdomo‐Ortiz, J., Valencia, C., Durán, W. F., & Heredia, O. (2020) · Latin American Business Review · doi:10.1080/10978526.2020.1837632 · Cited by 17
Reflective Goal-Setting Improves Academic Performance in Teacher and Business Education: A Large-Scale Field Experiment
Dekker, I., Schippers, M. C., & van Schooten, E. (2021) · Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19345747.2023.2231440 · Cited by 28
The Moderating Effects of Leader-Member Exchange for Technology Acceptance: An Empirical Study Within Organizations
Hwang, Y., Kim, S., Rouibah, K., & Shin, D. (2021) · Journal of Organizational and End User Computing · doi:10.4018/joeuc.20210701.oa1 · Cited by 17
Is self-knowledge the ultimate prize? A quantitative analysis of participation choice in online ideation crowdsourcing contests
Dargahi, R., Namin, A., Ketron, S. C., & Clair, J. K. S. (2021) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102644 · Cited by 13
The effect of pay for performance on work attitudes in the private, public, and nonprofit sectors: A panel study from South Korea
Bae, K. B. (2021) · International Review of Administrative Sciences · doi:10.1177/00208523211027329 · Cited by 18
Feedback to Minimize Household Waste a Field Experiment in The Netherlands
van der Werff, E., & Lee, C.-Y. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13179610 · Cited by 13
The Good Life Versus the “Goods Life”: An Investigation of Goal Contents Theory and Employee Subjective Well-Being Across Asian Countries
Monnot, M. J., & Beehr, T. A. (2021) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-021-00447-5 · Cited by 17
Gamified Web-Delivered Attentional Bias Modification Training for Adults With Chronic Pain: Protocol for a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Vermeir, J. F., White, M. J., Johnson, D. M., Crombez, G., & Ryckeghem, D. M. L. V. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/32359 · Cited by 14
Performance slumps in sport: A systematic review
Stead, J., Poolton, J., & Alder, D. B. (2022) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102136 · Cited by 17
Recommendations as Challenges: Estimating Required Effort and User Ability for Health Behavior Change Recommendations
Torkamaan, H., & Ziegler, J. (2022) · ACM International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI) · doi:10.1145/3490099.3511118 · Cited by 16
Chinese Second Language Learners’ Perceptions of Gamification in an Informal Learning Environment: Duolingo as a Case Study
Li, L., & O’Rourke, B. (2022) · Educational communications and technology yearbook · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-8329-9_10 · Cited by 18
Success, Failure, and Information: How Households Respond to Energy Conservation Goals
Fraser, A. (2022) · Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists · doi:10.1086/721094 · Cited by 12
Establishing Requirements for Technology to Support Clinical Trial Retention: Systematic Scoping Review and Analysis Using Self-determination Theory
Gamble, E., Linehan, C., & Heavin, C. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/38159 · Cited by 16
Negative work events impede daily self-efficacy through decreased goal attainment: Are action orientation and job autonomy moderators of the indirect effect?
Schmitt, A., & Weigelt, O. (2023) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2023.2166832 · Cited by 17
Determinants and effects of formal target agreements: an empirical investigation of German firms
Kampkötter, P., Marggraf, K., & Zimmermann, J.-H. (2015) · Review of Managerial Science · doi:10.1007/s11846-015-0177-5 · Cited by 13
An Economic Perspective on Employee Participation
Marsden, D. W., & Cañibano, A. (2010) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199207268.003.0006 · Cited by 27
Target difficulty, target flexibility, and firm performance: Evidence from business units’ targets
Arnold, M. C., & Artz, M. (2014) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/j.aos.2014.12.002 · Cited by 13
School Process and Teacher Job Satisfaction at Alternative Schools: A Multilevel Study Using SASS 2007–08 Data
Xia, J., Izumi, M., & Gao, X. (2015) · Leadership and Policy in Schools · doi:10.1080/15700763.2014.997935 · Cited by 13
The influences of social aspects of competition in goal-setting situations
Hinsz, V. B. (2005) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-005-1027-4 · Cited by 12
Feeling good at the right time: Why people value predictability in goal attainment
Klein, N., & Fishbach, A. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2014.05.011 · Cited by 13
Models of pre-service teachers' academic achievement: The influence of cognitive motivational variables
Castro‐Villarreal, F., Guerra, N. S., Sass, D. A., & Hseih, P.-H. (2014) · Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning · doi:10.14434/josotl.v14i2.4015 · Cited by 15
Effort Intentions in Teams
Hüffmeier, J., Dietrich, H., & Hertel, G. (2013) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/1046496412472242 · Cited by 13
Truck Redesign Case: Simulating the Target Costing Process in a Product Design Environment
Everaert, P. C., & Swenson, D. W. (2013) · Issues in Accounting Education · doi:10.2308/iace-50623 · Cited by 13
Incentives to Create and Sustain Healthy Behaviors: Technology Solutions and Research Needs
Teyhen, D. S., Aldag, M., Centola, D. M., Edinborough, E., Ghannadian, J. D., Haught, A., Jackson, T. N., Kinn, J. T., Kunkler, K. J., Levine, B. A., et al. (2014) · Military Medicine · doi:10.7205/milmed-d-14-00111 · Cited by 15
The Effect of Precommitment on Student Achievement Within a Technology-Rich Project-Based Learning Environment
Hao, Q., Branch, R. M., & Jensen, L. J. (2016) · TechTrends · doi:10.1007/s11528-016-0093-9 · Cited by 19
“A whole new future” – identity construction among disadvantaged young adults
Koen, J., Vianen, A. E. M. V., Klehe, U., & Zikic, J. (2016) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/cdi-02-2016-0019 · Cited by 13
Combining performance, learning, and behavioral goals to match job with person: Three steps to enhance employee performance with goal setting
Ford, R. C. (2017) · Business Horizons · doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2016.12.001 · Cited by 13
Productivity vs security: mitigating conflicting goals in organizations
Mayer, P. B., Gerber, N., McDermott, R., Volkamer, M., & Vogt, J. (2017) · Information and Computer Security · doi:10.1108/ics-03-2017-0014 · Cited by 19
Idealization Effects in UX Evaluation at Early Concept Stages: Challenges of Low-Fidelity Prototyping
Christoforakos, L., & Diefenbach, S. (2018) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94947-5_1 · Cited by 14
Family-Driven Goals to Improve Care for Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Bellesheim, K. R., Cole, L. L., Coury, D. L., Yin, L., Levy, S. E., Guinnee, M. A., Klatka, K., Malow, B. A., Katz, T., Taylor, J., et al. (2018) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2017-3225 · Cited by 14
Der Einfluss von Resilienz auf qualitative Formen der Arbeitszufriedenheit
Schlett, C., Pauls, N., & Souček, R. (2018) · Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O · doi:10.1026/0932-4089/a000278 · Cited by 14
Perceived Facilitators and Barriers in Response to a Walking Intervention in Rural Cancer Survivors: A Qualitative Exploration
Frensham, L. J., Parfitt, G., Stanley, R. M., & Dollman, J. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15122824 · Cited by 15
Have we made ourselves (too) clear?—Performance effects of the incentive explicitness in CEO compensation
Oehmichen, J., Jacobey, L., & Wolff, M. (2019) · Long Range Planning · doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2019.101893 · Cited by 13
Prompting Metacognition During a Job Search: Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial with University Job Seekers
Kanar, A. M., & Bouckenooghe, D. (2020) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12255 · Cited by 16
Self-Quantification Systems to Support Physical Activity: From Theory to Implementation Principles
Dulaud, P., Loreto, I. D., & Mottet, D. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249350 · Cited by 13
Use of technology in supporting goal setting in rehabilitation for adults: a scoping review
Strubbia, C., Levack, W., Grainger, R., Takahashi, K., & Tomori, K. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041730 · Cited by 13
How and when do prior international experiences lead to global work? A career motivation perspective
Akkan, E., Lee, Y.-T., & Reiche, B. S. (2021) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.22083 · Cited by 9
How Setting Goals Enhances Learners’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Listening Comprehension
Muñoz, L. B., & Jojoa, S. T. (2014) · HOW · doi:10.19183/how.21.1.14 · Cited by 13
Mental Energy: Assessing the Motivation Dimension
Barbuto, J. E. (2006) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2006.tb00253.x · Cited by 14
Effect of goal setting on the strategies used to solve a block design task
Rozencwajg, P., & Fenouillet, F. (2012) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2012.03.008 · Cited by 13
Personal Project Content and Stress: Relations to Subjective Health and Depressive Mood
Wallenius, M. (2006) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-006-0012-0 · Cited by 13
Structured hypocaloric diet is more effective than behavioral therapy in reducing metabolic syndrome in Mexican postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
Perichart‐Perera, O., Balas-Nakash, M., Muñoz‐Manrique, C., Legorreta-Legorreta, J., Rodríguez-Cano, A. M., Mier‐Cabrera, J., & Aguilera-Pérez, J. R. (2014) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/gme.0000000000000160 · Cited by 13
Women’s Job Search Competence: A Question of Motivation, Behavior, or Gender
Insa, L. I. L., Navarro, P. G., Iñesta, A. I. C., & Zacarés, J. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00137 · Cited by 13
Computer-based feedback and goal intervention: learning effects
Valdez, A. (2012) · Educational Technology Research and Development · doi:10.1007/s11423-012-9252-7 · Cited by 14
Team Performance in Dynamic Task Environments
Hinsz, V. B., Wallace, D. M., & Ladbury, J. L. (2009) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470745267.ch6 · Cited by 13
Self-efficacy, implicit theory of intelligence, goal orientation and the ninth grade experience
McWilliams, E. (2014) · doi:10.17760/d20128412 · Cited by 13
There's an App for That: Goal-Setting and Saving in the FinTech EraPreprint
Gargano, A., & Rossi, A. G. (2020) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3579275 · Cited by 35
Are you ready for the challenge? Social media health challenges for behaviour change
Saboia, I., Almeida, A. M. P., Sousa, P., & Pernencar, C. (2020) · Perspectives on Behavior Science · doi:10.1007/s40614-020-00261-z · Cited by 13
The power of play: gamification in virtual workplace training
Eger, V. M., Georganta, E., Zuercher, P.-D., Mueller, F., Bohné, T., & Diefenbach, S. (2024) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2024.2412360 · Cited by 16
“Locke and Latham (2002) highlighted how individuals with low self-efficacy tend to rely heavily on external sources of motivation to initiate and sustain their efforts.”
Expressed Likelihood as Motivator: Creating Value through Engaging What’s Real
Higgins, E., Franks, B., Pavarini, D., Sehnert, S., & Manley, K. (2013) · Journal of Economic Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.joep.2012.03.005 · Cited by 16
Engaging Learners in a Flipped Information Science Course with Gamification: A Quasi-experimental Study
Huang, B., Hew, K. F., & Warning, P. (2018) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0008-0_13 · Cited by 13
An Examination of the Link between Leader Motivating Language and Follower Interactional Justice
Alikaj, A., & Hanke, D. (2021) · International Journal of Business Communication · doi:10.1177/23294884211011240 · Cited by 14
The dark side of the pursuit of happiness comes from the pursuit of hedonia: The mediation of materialism and the moderation of self-control
Cui, P., Shen, Y., Hommey, C., & Ma, J. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-02104-9 · Cited by 13
Balancing making a difference with making a living in the conservation sector
Pienkowski, T., Keane, A. M., y Tickell, S. C., Hazenbosch, M., Arlidge, W. N. S., Baranyi, G., Brittain, S., de Lange, E., Khanyari, M., Papworth, S., et al. (2021) · Conservation Biology · doi:10.1111/cobi.13846 · Cited by 14
Why Do Data Analysts Take IT-Mediated Shortcuts? An Ego-Depletion Perspective
Ghasemaghaei, M., & Turel, O. (2022) · Journal of Management Information Systems · doi:10.1080/07421222.2022.2063558 · Cited by 13
Efficacy of theory-based interventions aimed at reducing binge drinking in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Gourlan, M., Ricupero, S., Carayol, M., & Cousson‐Gélie, F. (2022) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115571 · Cited by 14
Internet-based self-help intervention for procrastination: randomized control group trial protocol
Ying, Z., & Wang, J. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07112-7 · Cited by 20
Soft skill competency and employees’ capacity as the intervening factors between training effectiveness and health workers’ performance
Tamsah, H., Ilyas, G. B., Nurung, J., Jusuf, E., & Rahmi, S. (2023) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2023.2199493 · Cited by 12
Effects of a Theory-Based, Multicomponent eHealth Intervention for Obesity Prevention in Young Children from Low-Income Families: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Study
Lee, H., Oldewage-Theron, W. H., & Dawson, J. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15102296 · Cited by 15
Reporting in large-scale agile organizations: insights and recommendations from a case study in software development
Schüll, M., Hofmann, P., Philipp, P., et al. (2023) · Information Systems and e-Business Management · doi:10.1007/s10257-023-00643-1 · Cited by 12
Coaching as a growth- or security-oriented process–How regulatory fit increases coaching success
Mühlberger, C., Böhm, A. M., Hansen, J., Behrendt, P., Wastian, M., & Jonas, E. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286059 · Cited by 14
Motivational climate predicts effort and achievement in a large computer science course: examining differences across sexes, races/ethnicities, and academic majors
Jones, B. D., Ellis, M., Гу, Ф., & Fenerci, H. (2023) · International Journal of STEM Education · doi:10.1186/s40594-023-00457-0 · Cited by 12
A Resource-Based View on Individual Absorption in the Context of Multiple Team Memberships
Backmann, J., Wimmer, J., Mortensen, M., Hartmann, S., Hoegl, M., & Peus, C. V. (2024) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.2021.14929 · Cited by 12

Authors: Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P.
Affiliations: University of Maryland, College Park (US)
ORCID: Locke, Edwin A.
Latham, Gary P.
Venue: American Psychologist
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2002-09
Volume: 57
Issue: 9
Pages: 705-717
ISSN: 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
1935-990X
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.57.9.705
OpenAlex: W4237356565
Cited by: 7,766
References: 131
Citations by year: 2026: 527 · 2025: 509 · 2024: 464 · 2023: 511 · 2022: 428 · 2021: 456 · 2020: 540 · 2019: 467 · 2018: 460 · 2017: 421 · 2016: 395 · 2015: 408 · 2014: 370 · 2013: 313 · 2012: 333
FWCI: 59.32
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Human Behavior and Motivation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Keywords: goal setting, task motivation, motivation theories, goal difficulty, goal specificity, feedback, task difficulty
MeSH terms: Goals, Humans, Motivation, Psychological Theory

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.

Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey.

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks

Data sources