Tactful animals: How the study of touch can inform the animal morality debate
Open accessAbstract
In this paper, we argue that scientists working on the animal morality debate have been operating with a narrow view of morality that prematurely limits the variety of moral practices that animals may be capable of. We show how this bias can be partially corrected by paying more attention to the touch behaviors of animals. We argue that a careful examination of the ways in which animals engage in and navigate touch interactions can shed new light on current debates on animal morality, like the study of consolation behavior, while also revealing further forms that animal morality may take that have been neglected so far, like capacities of tolerance or trust. This defense is structured as an analysis of the three main functions of touch: the discriminative function, the affiliative function, and the vigilance function.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Social touch has been identified as a significant moral interest for all animals.
“Social touch has been identified as a significant moral interest for all animals [66].”
From The social origins of consciousness (2025) · cites this paper as [66]
The Introduction (p. 2) and Conclusion (p. 19) argue that social touch may reveal animals’ moral capacities and practices. The paper does not identify social touch as a moral interest for all animals; its discussion of touch’s developmental significance is limited to mammals (section 4, p. 12). (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Journal of Consciousness Studies
(2022) · Journal of Consciousness Studies · doi:10.53765/20512201 · Cited by 6,852 · see citing works
Harlow, H. F. (1958) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0047884 · Cited by 2,022 · see citing works
Altruistic Helping in Human Infants and Young Chimpanzees
Warneken, F., & Tomasello, M. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1121448 · Cited by 1,653 · see citing works
Brosnan, S. F., & de Waal, F. Β. Μ. (2003) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01963 · Cited by 1,584 · see citing works
Development of concern for others.
Zahn-Waxler, C., Radke-Yarrow, M., Wagner, E., & Chapman, M. (1992) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.28.1.126 · Cited by 1,314 · see citing works
Coding of pleasant touch by unmyelinated afferents in humans
Löken, L. S., Wessberg, J., Morrison, I., McGlone, F., & Olausson, H. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2312 · Cited by 1,120 · see citing works
Discriminative and affective touch: Sensing and feeling.
McGlone, F., Wessberg, J., & Olausson, H. (2014) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.001 · Cited by 1,112 · see citing works
Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals
de Waal, F. (1996) · Dominican Scholar (Dominican University of California) · Cited by 1,077 · see citing works
de Waal, F. B. M., & de Waal, F. B. M. (1996) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/9780674033177 · Cited by 958 · see citing works
Mammalian empathy: behavioural manifestations and neural basis
de Waal, F. B. M., & Preston, S. D. (2017) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.72 · Cited by 957 · cited 2× · see citing works
“Consolation, in turn, is generally thought to be motivated by empathy or sympathy (see, e.g., de Waal & Preston, 2017), so affiliative touch would be functioning here as an expression of these moral emotions.”
Empathy and pro-social behavior in rats
Bartal, I. B.-A., Decety, J., & Mason, P. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1210789 · Cited by 934 · see citing works
A Natural History of Human Morality
Tomasello, M. (2016) · doi:10.4159/9780674915855 · Cited by 924 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Moral societies are generally regarded as ones in which individuals do not merely pursue their own selfish desires, but rather decide to cooperate and look out for others’ interests too (e.g., Tomasello, 2016).”
Social Modulation of Pain as Evidence for Empathy in Mice
Langford, D. J., Crager, S. E., Shehzad, Z., Smith, S. B., Sotocinal, S. G., Levenstadt, J. S., Chanda, M. L., Levitin, D. J., & Mogil, J. S. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1128322 · Cited by 865 · see citing works
Mammalian Play: Training for the Unexpected
Spinka, M., Newberry, R. C., & Bekoff, M. (2001) · The Quarterly Review of Biology · doi:10.1086/393866 · Cited by 817 · see citing works
Reconciliation and consolation among chimpanzees
de Waal, F. Β. Μ., & van Roosmalen, A. (1979) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/bf00302695 · Cited by 773 · see citing works
Ethology and neurobiology of grooming behavior
Spruijt, B. M., van Hooff, J. A. R. A. M., & Gispen, W. H. (1992) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1992.72.3.825 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Oxytocin-dependent consolation behavior in rodents
Burkett, J. P., Andari, E., Johnson, Z. V., Curry, D. C., de Waal, F. B. M., & Young, L. J. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aac4785 · Cited by 692 · see citing works
de Waal, F. (2009) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctvjz820k · Cited by 649 · see citing works
de Waal, F. Β. Μ., & de Waal, F. Β. Μ. (1989) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/9780674033085 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
The communication of emotion via touch
Hertenstein, M. J., Holmes, R., McCullough, M., & Keltner, D. (2009) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0016108 · Cited by 563 · see citing works
Kitcher, P. (2011) · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674063075 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Hertenstein, M. J., Verkamp, J. M., Kerestes, A. M., & Holmes, R. M. (2006) · Genetic Social and General Psychology Monographs · doi:10.3200/mono.132.1.5-94 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Chimpanzee politics: power and sex among apes
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-1584 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
Other-regarding preferences in a non-human primate: common marmosets provision food altruistically
Burkart, J. M., Fehr, E., Efferson, C., & van Schaik, C. P. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0710310104 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Hands Touching Hands: Affective and Evaluative Effects of an Interpersonal Touch
Fisher, J. D., Rytting, M., & Heslin, R. (1976) · Sociometry · doi:10.2307/3033506 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Wild justice: the moral lives of animals
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.47-1420 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Bekoff, M., & Pierce, J. (2009) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226041667.001.0001 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Brain-to-brain coupling during handholding is associated with pain reduction
Goldstein, P., Weissman-Fogel, I., Dumas, G., & Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1703643115 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
The absence of reward induces inequity aversion in dogs
Range, F., Horn, L., Virányi, Z., & Huber, L. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0810957105 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Stress reduction through consolation in chimpanzees
Fraser, O. N., Stahl, D. R., & Aureli, F. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0804141105 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Spontaneous prosocial choice by chimpanzees
Horner, V., Carter, J. D., Suchak, M., & de Waal, F. Β. Μ. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1111088108 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Animal Minds
Sievers, C., Wild, M., & Gruber, T. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315742250 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
The psychobiology of emotion: the role of the oxytocinergic system
Uvnäs-Moberg, K., Arn, I., & Magnusson, D. (2005) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm1202_3 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
"ALTRUISTIC" BEHAVIOR IN RHESUS MONKEYS
Masserman, J. H., Wechkin, S., & Terris, W. (1964) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.121.6.584 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Bonobos Respond to Distress in Others: Consolation across the Age Spectrum
Clay, Z., & de Waal, F. Β. Μ. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0055206 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
The Oxford Handbook of Moral Psychology
(2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198871712.001.0001 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Mechanisms underlying responses to inequitable outcomes in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes
Brosnan, S. F., Talbot, C. F., AHLGREN, M., Lambeth, S. P., & Schapiro, S. J. (2010) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.02.019 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Experience modulates vicarious freezing in rats: a model for empathy
Atsak, P., Orre, M., Bakker, P., Cerliani, L., Roozendaal, B., Gazzola, V., Moita, M., & Keysers, C. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021855 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Capuchin monkeys are sensitive to others' welfare
Lakshminarayanan, V. R., & Santos, L. R. (2008) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2008.08.057 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Rowlands, M. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199842001.001.0001 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Social Communication in Canids: Evidence for the Evolution of a Stereotyped Mammalian Display
Bekoff, M. (1977) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.197.4308.1097 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Avian maternal response to chick distress
Edgar, J. L., Lowe, J. C., Paul, E. S., & Nicol, C. J. (2011) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.2701 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Postconflict Third-Party Affiliation in Rooks, Corvus frugilegus
Seed, A. M., Clayton, N. S., & Emery, N. J. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.11.025 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Do Ravens Show Consolation? Responses to Distressed Others
Fraser, O. N., & Bugnyar, T. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010605 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Cognitive and physiological markers of emotional awareness in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Parr, L. A. (2001) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s100710100085 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Complete maternal deprivation affects social, but not spatial, learning in adult rats
Lévy, F., Melo, Á. I., Galef, B. G., Madden, M., & Fleming, A. S. (2003) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.10131 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Reconciliation and consolation in captive bonobos (Pan paniscus)
Palagi, E., Paoli, T., & Tarli, S. M. B. (2004) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.20000 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Asian elephants ( <i>Elephas maximus</i> ) reassure others in distress
Plotnik, J. M., & de Waal, F. B. M. (2014) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.278 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Bonobos Protect and Console Friends and Kin
Palagi, E., & Norscia, I. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079290 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Huber, A., Barber, A. L. A., Faragó, T., Müller, C. A., & Huber, L. (2017) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-017-1092-8 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Behavioral Responses to Inequity in Reward Distribution and Working Effort in Crows and Ravens
Wascher, C. A. F., & Bugnyar, T. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056885 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Kutsukake, N., & Castles, D. L. (2004) · Primates · doi:10.1007/s10329-004-0082-z · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Rats prefer mutual rewards in a prosocial choice task
Hernandez-Lallement, J., van Wingerden, M., Marx, C., Srejic, M., & Kalenscher, T. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00443 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Anderson, J. R. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.11.010 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Kaburu, S., Inoue, S., & Newton‐Fisher, N. E. (2013) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.22135 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Bates, L. A., Lee, P. C., Njiraini, N., Poole, J. H., Sayialel, K. N., Sayialel, S., Moss, C. J., & Byrne, R. W. (2008) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Play Signaling and the Perception of Social Rules by Juvenile Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
Flack, J. C., Jeannotte, L. A., & de Waal, F. Β. Μ. (2004) · Journal of comparative psychology · doi:10.1037/0735-7036.118.2.149 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Prosocial behaviour emerges independent of reciprocity in cottontop tamarins
Cronin, K. A., Schroeder, K. K. E., & Snowdon, C. T. (2010) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0879 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Reconciliation and Consolation in Captive Western Gorillas
Cordoni, G., Palagi, E., & Tarli, S. M. B. (2006) · International Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1007/s10764-006-9078-4 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Chimpanzee Behavior in the Wild
Nishida, T., Zamma, K., Matsusaka, T., Inaba, A., & McGrew, W. C. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-4-431-53895-0 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
How Joint Is the Joint Attention of Apes and Human Infants?
Carpenter, M., & Call, J. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199988341.003.0003 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
The first sense: a philosophical study of human touch
(2014) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.52-0769 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Massen, J. J. M., van den Berg, L. M., Spruijt, B. M., & Sterck, E. H. M. (2011) · American Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1002/ajp.21014 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Post-conflict friendly reunion in a permanent group of horses (Equus caballus)
Cozzi, A., Sighieri, C., Gazzano, A., Nicol, C. J., & Baragli, P. (2010) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2010.07.007 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Empathy Predicts an Experimental Pain Reduction During Touch
Goldstein, P., Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Yellinek, S., & Weissman-Fogel, I. (2016) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2016.06.007 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Watanabe, S., & Ono, K. (1986) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/0376-6357(86)90089-6 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Naïve Normativity: The Social Foundation of Moral Cognition
Andrews, K. (2020) · Journal of the American Philosophical Association · doi:10.1017/apa.2019.30 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Palagi, E., & Cordoni, G. (2009) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2009.07.017 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Heart rate modulation in bystanding geese watching social and non-social events
Wascher, C. A. F., Scheiber, I. B. R., & Kotrschal, K. M. (2008) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.0146 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Morality and the Distinctiveness of Human Action
Korsgaard, C. M. (2006) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781400830336-008 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Ferguson, S. H., Higdon, J. W., & Westdal, K. H. (2012) · Aquatic Biosystems · doi:10.1186/2046-9063-8-3 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Exploring the evolutionary foundations of empathy: consolation in monkeys
Palagi, E., Dall’Olio, S., Demuru, E., & Stanyon, R. (2014) · Evolution and Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2014.04.002 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Goumon, S., & Špinka, M. (2016) · Animal Cognition · doi:10.1007/s10071-015-0950-5 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Reggente, M., Alves, F., Nicolau, C., Freitas, L., Cagnazzi, D., Baird, R. W., & Galli, P. (2016) · Journal of Mammalogy · doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyw089 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Positive emotional contagion in a New Zealand parrot
Schwing, R., Nelson, X. J., Wein, A., & Parsons, S. E. (2017) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.02.020 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Understanding Norms Without a Theory of Mind
Andrews, K. (2009) · Inquiry · doi:10.1080/00201740903302584 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
The Discrimination of Faces and Their Emotional Content by Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)
Parr, L. A. (2003) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1280.005 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Natural normativity: The ‘is’ and ‘ought’ of animal behavior
de Waal, F. Β. Μ. (2014) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/1568539x-00003146 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Inequity aversion in rats, Rattus norvegicus
Oberließen, L., Hernandez-Lallement, J., Schäble, S., van Wingerden, M., Seinstra, M. S., & Tobias Kalenscher, A. (2016) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.03.007 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Cronin, K. A., & Snowdon, C. T. (2007) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2007.04.032 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Investigating Empathy-Like Responding to Conspecifics’ Distress in Pet Dogs
Quervel-Chaumette, M., Faerber, V., Faragó, T., Marshall‐Pescini, S., & Range, F. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152920 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Fulkerson, M. (2013) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/9780262019965.001.0001 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Tactless scientists: Ignoring touch in the study of joint attention
Botero, M. (2016) · Philosophical Psychology · doi:10.1080/09515089.2016.1225293 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Pruetz, J. D., Ontl, K. B., Cleaveland, E., Lindshield, S. M., Marshack, J. L., & Wessling, E. G. (2017) · International Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1007/s10764-016-9942-9 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Conflict management in free-ranging wolves, Canis lupus
Baan, C., Bergmüller, R., Smith, D. W., & Molnar, B. (2014) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.01.033 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Interpersonal Touch, Social Labeling, and the Foot-in-the-Door Effect
Goldman, M., Kiyohara, O., & Pfannensteil, D. A. (1985) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224545.1985.9922866 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Chimpanzee Behavior in the Wild: An Audio-Visual Encyclopedia
Zamma, K., Matsusaka, T., & Nishida, T. (2010) · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Behavior toward the dying, diseased, or disabled among animals and its relevance to paleopathology
Fashing, P. J., & Nguyen, N. (2011) · International Journal of Paleopathology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2012.02.004 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Cotter, M. P., Maldini, D., & Jefferson, T. A. (2011) · Marine Mammal Science · doi:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2011.00474.x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Helping-Like Behaviour in Mice Towards Conspecifics Constrained Inside Tubes
Ueno, H., Suemitsu, S., Murakami, S., Kitamura, N., Wani, K., Matsumoto, Y., Okamoto, M., & Ishihara, T. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42290-y · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Parrots Voluntarily Help Each Other to Obtain Food Rewards
Brucks, D., & von Bayern, A. M. P. (2019) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.030 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The Handbook of Touch: Neuroscience, Behavioral, and Health Perspectives
Hertenstein, M. J., & Weiss, S. J. (2011) · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Moral Violations and the Experience of Disgust and Anger
Oaten, M., Stevenson, R. J., Williams, M., Rich, A. N., Butko, M., & Case, T. I. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00179 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Kentrop, J., Smid, C. R., Achterberg, E. J. M., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Joëls, M., & van der Veen, R. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00193 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Animal morality: What is the debate about?
Fitzpatrick, S. (2017) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-017-9599-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Chimpanzees’ Bystander Reactions to Infanticide
von Rohr, C. R., van Schaik, C. P., Kissling, A., & Burkart, J. M. (2015) · Human Nature · doi:10.1007/s12110-015-9228-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Maternal touch and the developing infant.
Feldman, R. (2011) · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Prolonged transport and cannibalism of mummified infant remains by a Tonkean macaque mother
Marco, A. D., Cozzolino, R., & Thierry, B. (2017) · Primates · doi:10.1007/s10329-017-0633-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
McFarland, R., & Majolo, B. (2012) · Animal Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.06.010 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Park, K. J., Sohn, H., An, Y., Moon, D. Y., Choi, S. G., & An, D. H. (2013) · Marine Mammal Science · doi:10.1111/mms.12012 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Morrison, I. (2012) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.11.032 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Sense of Touch: From Tactility to Tactual Probing
Mattens, F. (2016) · Australasian Journal of Philosophy · doi:10.1080/00048402.2016.1263870 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Liévin‐Bazin, A., Pineaux, M., Clerc, O., Gahr, M. L., von Bayern, A. M. P., & Bovet, D. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205314 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Empathy and morality in behaviour readers
Monsó, S. (2015) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-015-9495-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial interaction analysis in captive orcas (Orcinus orca)
Sánchez–Hernández, P., Krasheninnikova, A., Almunia, J., & Molina–Borja, M. (2019) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.21502 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chimpanzee mind reading: Don't stop believing
Andrews, K. (2017) · Philosophy Compass · doi:10.1111/phc3.12394 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Functional Properties of C-Low Threshold Mechanoreceptors (C-LTMRs) in Nonhuman Mammals
Pitcher, M., Le Pichon, C. E., & Chesler, A. (2016) · Affective Touch and the Neurophysiology of CT Afferents · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6418-5_2 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Botero, M. (2018) · International Journal of Comparative Psychology · doi:10.46867/ijcp.2018.31.02.05 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Andrews, K. (2013) · transcript Verlag eBooks · doi:10.14361/transcript.9783839424629.173 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Emotions as Signals of Moral Character
Parrott, W. G. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32968-6_9 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Moral Responsiveness and Nonhuman Animals: A Challenge to Kantian Morality
Rutledge‐Prior, S. (2019) · Ethics & the Environment · doi:10.2979/ethicsenviro.24.1.03 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Probing Culture's Secrets, From Capuchins to Children
Balter, M. (2010) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.329.5989.266 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Do Chimpanzees Reason about Belief
Andrews, K. (2017) · doi:10.4324/9781315742250.ch24 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Primates are Touched by Your Concern
Botero, M. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315742250-36 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dead or alive? Towards a notion of death and empathy
Boesch, C. (2012) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139178532.008 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Barbero (2014) · doi:10.1016/j · Cited by 1 · see citing works
(2018) · Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) · doi:10.1371/journal
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Andrews, K. (2013). Ape Autonomy? Social Norms and Moral Agency in Other Species. In PetrusK. & WildM. (Eds.), Animal Minds & Animal Ethics: Connecting Two Separate Fields (pp. 173-197). Transcript
- Burkett, J., Andari, E., Johnson, Z., Curry, D., de Waal, F., & Young, L. (2016). Oxytocindependent consolation behavior in rodents. Science , 351 (6271), 375-378.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Advancing the 3Rs: innovation, implementation, ethics and society
Grimm, H., Biller‐Andorno, N., Buch, T., Dahlhoff, M., Davies, G. F., Cederroth, C. R., Maissen, O., Lukas, W., Passini, E., Törnqvist, E., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1185706 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Leveraging Social Learning to Enhance Captive Animal Care and Welfare
Hopper, L. M. (2021) · Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens · doi:10.3390/jzbg2010003 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Ethics of Touch and the Importance of Nonhuman Relationships in Animal Agriculture
Cooke, S. (2021) · Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10806-021-09852-5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Caring animals and care ethics
Wrage, B. (2022) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-022-09857-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationCaring animals and the ways we wrong them
Benz-Schwarzburg, J., & Wrage, B. (2023) · Biology & Philosophy · doi:10.1007/s10539-023-09913-1 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationEthics, Animal Welfare, and Artificial Intelligence in Livestock: A Bibliometric Review
Santana, T. C., Guiselini, C., Pandorfi, H., Vigoderis, R. B., Filho, J. A. D. B., Soares, R. G. F., Araújo, M. F., Gomes, N. F., de Lima, L. D., & Santos, P. C. D. S. (2025) · AgriEngineering · doi:10.3390/agriengineering7070202 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Munch‐Jurišić, D. M. (2022) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197610510.001.0001 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
The in-between: information experience within human-companion animal living environments
Solhjoo, N., Krtalić, M., & Goulding, A. (2024) · Journal of Documentation · doi:10.1108/jd-08-2023-0160 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The social origins of consciousness
Andrews, K., & Miller, N. (2025) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2024.0300 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
To Touch or Not to Touch: Navigating the Ethical and Monetary Dilemma in Giant Panda Tourism
Guo, Y., & Fennell, D. A. (2024) · Tourism and Hospitality · doi:10.3390/tourhosp5040073 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The red thread of information across more-than-human love
Solhjoo, N. (2024) · Journal of Librarianship and Information Science · doi:10.1177/09610006241255418 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Delon, N. (2024) · Journal of Ethics and Social Philosophy · doi:10.26556/jesp.v28i1.2800 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
The non-moral view of perpetrator disgust
Munch‐Jurišić, D. M. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197610510.003.0003
Munch‐Jurišić, D. M. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197610510.003.0001
The destructive view of perpetrator disgust
Munch‐Jurišić, D. M. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197610510.003.0004
Munch‐Jurišić, D. M. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197610510.003.0006
Munch‐Jurišić, D. M. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197610510.002.0003
The moral limits of gut feelings
Munch‐Jurišić, D. M. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197610510.003.0005
The moral view of perpetrator disgust
Munch‐Jurišić, D. M. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197610510.003.0002
Kapitel 2: Ethik und Ästhetik der tierlichen Singularität
Zenker, F. (2023) · Human-animal studies · doi:10.14361/9783839466186-005
Zenker, F. (2023) · Human-animal studies · doi:10.14361/9783839466186-001
Zenker, F. (2023) · Human-animal studies · doi:10.14361/9783839466186-003
Zenker, F. (2023) · Human-animal studies · doi:10.14361/9783839466186-009
Zenker, F. (2023) · Human-animal studies · doi:10.14361/9783839466186-008
Kapitel 1: Der Begriff des singulären Tiers
Zenker, F. (2023) · Human-animal studies · doi:10.14361/9783839466186-004
Zenker, F. (2023) · Human-animal studies · doi:10.14361/9783839466186-010
Kapitel 3: Transparente Tierbilder. Fotografie und Film
Zenker, F. (2023) · Human-animal studies · doi:10.14361/9783839466186-006
Zenker, F. (2023) · Human-animal studies · doi:10.14361/9783839466186-fm
Zenker, F. (2023) · Human-animal studies · doi:10.14361/9783839466186-002
Zenker, F. (2023) · Human-animal studies · doi:10.14361/9783839466186-toc
Kapitel 4: Bilder der Fürsorge
Zenker, F. (2023) · Human-animal studies · doi:10.14361/9783839466186-007
Zenker, F. (2023) · Human-animal studies · doi:10.14361/9783839466186
Zenker, F. (2023) · transcript Verlag eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783839466186
Zenker, F. (2023) · transcript Verlag eBooks · doi:10.1515/9783839466186-009
Zhuangzi and collaboration in animals: a critical conceptual analysis of shared intentionality
Papadopoulos, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1170358
The In-between: Information Experience within Human-Companion Animal Living
Solhjoo, N., Krtalić, M., & Goulding, A. (2024) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.24986298
Botero, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-76216-1_7
Corporations as Communicative Moral Agents
de Pedro, J. M. L. (2025) · Management and industrial engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82054-0_4
Removing the glass ceilings: diverse mechanisms for social cohesion
Papadopoulos, D., Andrews, K., & Michlich, J. M. (2025) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x25100460
Attending like a dog: On learning ethical attention from other animals
Panizza, S. C. (2025) · Environmental Values · doi:10.1177/09632719251392999
The Touched Cow: Legitimacy, Care and Commodification
Haspolat, Z. G. (2026) · Culture Agriculture Food and Environment · doi:10.1111/cuag.70017
- Authors
- Monsó, S., & Wrage, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Monsó, Susana
- Venue
- Philosophical Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-12-16
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-27
- ISSN
- 0951-5089 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-394X
- OpenAlex
- W3112889783
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 115
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 7.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Philosophical Psychology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- UNED repository (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Austrian Science Fund (M2518-G32, P31466-G32)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- animal morality, touch, tolerance, trust
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
