Cited by 307Aging and Gerontology ResearchCognitive Abilities and TestingCognitive Functions and Memory

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Speed mediation of adult age differences in cognition

Salthouse, Timothy A.·1993·Developmental Psychology

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Previous research has established that a large proportion of the adult age-related variance in various measures offluid or process cognition is reduced when statistical control procedures such as hierarchical regression are used to eliminate variation in measures ofperceptual speed. This finding was confirmed in the present study and was extended to include paired-associate and free-recall measures of memory in addition to measures of reasoning and spatial abilities. Most of the speed mediation was associated with speed measures requiring cognitive operations such as comparison or substitution instead of merely motor responses such as copying symbols or drawing lines. These results suggest that the rate of performing elementary cognitive operations is an important proximal mediator ofthe adult age differences in several types ofcognitive tasks. Inspired largely by ideas of Birren (e.g., 1955,1965,1974), Salthouse 0985a) proposed that the adult age differences in certain measures of cognitive functioning might be partially mediated by age-related reductions in the speed ofexecuting relevant mental operations. The evidence available at that time was rather weak, because no published studies had been explicitly designed to investigate this hypothesis. Most of the data relevant to the hypothesis were obtained by locating published articles reporting correlations among age, a measure of processing speed, and a measure of cognition (or studies by Salthouse containing the relevant data), and then computing partial correlations between age and the cognitive measure after partialing out the measure of speed. Only a few data sets with the necessary information could be identified, and the samples were often small and usually involved two extreme age groups rather than a continuous range of ages. Furthermore, in all cases the relevant constructs were assessed with a single measure rather than with potentially more reliable and valid multiple measures. Despite these limitations, the hypothesis received some support because statistical control of the measure ofspeed frequently resulted in an appreciable reduction in the magnitude of the relation between age and the measure of cognition.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0012-1649.29.4.722

Cites

36 of 36 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach
Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411 · Cited by 41,941
Untitled work
(1982) · Cited by 3,737
Handbook of the Psychology of Aging
Schaie, K. W., Willis, S. L., Knight, B. G., & Park, D. C. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2012-0-07221-3 · Cited by 3,440
The Teacher's Word Book of 30, 000 Words
Thorndike, E. L., & Lorge, I. D. (2018) · Cited by 2,656
Book Reviews: Kenny, David A. Correlation and Causation . New York: Wiley-Interscience, 1979. 227 + XIII pp. $19.50
Martuza, V. R., & Kenny, D. A. (1981) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.2307/1175080 · Cited by 2,034
Decomposing adult age differences in working memory
Salthouse, T. A., & Babcock, R. L. (1991) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.27.5.763 · Cited by 1,373
Self-citation
Theoretical Perspectives on Cognitive Aging
Salthouse, T. A. (2016) · Psychology Press eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315785363 · Cited by 947
Self-citation
Information processing rates in the elderly.
Cerella, J. (1985) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.1.67 · Cited by 754
Mediation of adult age differences in cognition by reductions in working memory and speed of processing
Salthouse, T. A. (1991) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1991.tb00127.x · Cited by 615
Self-citation
A Theory of Cognitive Aging
Salthouse, T. A. (1985) · Cited by 538
Self-citation

Show all 37 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 307

The Impact of Neuropsychological Performance on Everyday Functioning Between Older and Younger Adults With and Without HIV
Vance, D. E., Fazeli, P. L., & Gakumo, C. A. (2012) · Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care · doi:10.1016/j.jana.2012.05.002 · Cited by 71
Adult age differences in the use of distractor homogeneity during visual search.
Madden, D. J., Pierce, T. W., & Allen, P. A. (1996) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.11.3.454 · Cited by 70
Age-Related Cognitive Slowing: The Role of Spontaneous Tempo and Processing Speed
Baudouin, A., Vanneste, S., & Isingrini, M. L. (2004) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610730490447831 · Cited by 70
Judgments about estrogen replacement therapy: The role of age, cognitive abilities, and beliefs.
Zwahr, M. D., Park, D. C., & Shifren, K. (1999) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.14.2.179 · Cited by 70
White matter tract integrity predicts visual search performance in young and older adults
Bennett, I. J., Motes, M. A., Rao, N. K., & Rypma, B. (2011) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2011.02.001 · Cited by 69
Olfactory Functioning and Cognitive Abilities: A Twin Study
Finkel, D., Pedersen, N. L., & Larsson, M. U. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/56.4.p226 · Cited by 67
Evaluation of an objective technique for analysing temporal variables in DAT spontaneous speech
Singh, S., Bucks, R. S., & Cuerden, J. M. (2001) · Aphasiology · doi:10.1080/02687040143000041 · Cited by 67
Could language deficits really differentiate Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) from mild Alzheimer's disease?
Tsantali, E., Economidis, D., & Tsolaki, M. (2013) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2013.03.011 · Cited by 71
Examining the Impact of 45 Minutes of Daily Physical Education on Cognitive Ability, Fitness Performance, and Body Composition of African American Youth
Reed, J. A., Maslow, A. L., Long, S., & Hughey, M. (2013) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.10.2.185 · Cited by 66
Determinants of adult age differences on synthetic work performance.
Salthouse, T. A., Hambrick, D. Z., Lukas, K. E., & Dell, T. C. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Applied · doi:10.1037/1076-898x.2.4.305 · Cited by 66
Self-citation
The neural noise hypothesis: Evidence from processing speed in adults with multiple sclerosis
Kail, R. V. (1997) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825589708256644 · Cited by 66
White Matter and Cognitive Decline in Aging: A Focus on Processing Speed and Variability
Nilsson, J., Thomas, A. J., O'Brien, J. T., & Gallagher, P. (2014) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617713001458 · Cited by 70
White Matter Damage in the Cholinergic System Contributes to Cognitive Impairment in Subcortical Vascular Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia
Liu, Q., Zhu, Z., Teipel, S. J., Yang, J., Xing, Y., Tang, Y., & Jia, J. (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2017.00047 · Cited by 66
Why are some people more knowledgeable than others? A longitudinal study of knowledge acquisition
Hambrick, D. Z. (2003) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03196444 · Cited by 64
Processing Speed and Memory in Aging and Dementia
Sliwinski, M. J., & Herman Buschke, L. (1997) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/52b.6.p308 · Cited by 63
Cognitive Test Performance and Presence of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study
Saxton, J. A., Ratcliff, G. G., Newman, A. B., Belle, S. H., Fried, L. P., Yee, J., & Kuller, L. H. (2000) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000026270 · Cited by 62
Reducing working memory load in spoken dialogue systems
Wolters, M., Georgila, K., Moore, J. D., Logie, R. H., MacPherson, S. E., & Watson, M. (2009) · Interacting with Computers · doi:10.1016/j.intcom.2009.05.009 · Cited by 66
A comparison of the factor structure of processing speed for younger and older adults: Testing the assumption of measurement equivalence across age groups.
Babcock, R. L., Laguna, K. D., & Roesch, S. C. (1997) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.12.2.268 · Cited by 60
Terminal Change in Cognitive Function: An Updated Review of Longitudinal Studies
Bosworth, H. B., & Siegler, I. C. (2002) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610730290080344 · Cited by 60
Free Recall and Recognition of Slowly and Rapidly Presented Words in Very Old Age: A Community-Based Study
Wåhlin, Å., Bäckman, L., & Winblad, B. G. (1995) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610739508253984 · Cited by 59
Rapid Buildup of Brain White Matter Hyperintensities Over 4 Years Linked to Ambulatory Blood Pressure, Mobility, Cognition, and Depression in Old Persons
Wolfson, L., Wakefield, D. B., Moscufo, N., Kaplan, R. F., Hall, C. B., Schmidt, J. A., Guttmann, C. R. G., & White, W. B. (2013) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glt072 · Cited by 58
Cognitive effects of music and dance training in children.
LaPlume, A. A., & Wiseheart, M. (2018) · Archives of Scientific Psychology · doi:10.1037/arc0000048 · Cited by 68
Cognitive Aging and Computer-Based Instructional Design: Where Do We Go From Here?
Gerven, P. W. M. V., PAAS, F. G. W. C., & Tabbers, H. K. (2006) · Educational Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10648-006-9005-4 · Cited by 63
Production deficiency hypothesis revisited: Adult age differences in strategy use as a function of processing resources
Verhaeghen, P., & Marcoen, A. (1994) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825589408256585 · Cited by 56
Adult Age Differences in Errand Planning: The Role of Task Familiarity and Cognitive Resources
Kliegel, M., Martin, M., McDaniel, M. A., & Phillips, L. H. (2007) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610730601177395 · Cited by 55
Cognitive plasticity in normal and pathological aging
Ballesteros, R. F., Botella, J., Zamarron, Cabras, E., Molina, M. Á., Schettini, R., & Tárraga (2012) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s27008 · Cited by 55
The Neural Language Systems That Support Healthy Aging: Integrating Function, Structure, and Behavior
Diaz, M. T., Rizio, A. A., & Zhuang, J. (2016) · Language and Linguistics Compass · doi:10.1111/lnc3.12199 · Cited by 57
Aging, cognition, and work
Park, D. C. (1994) · Human Performance · doi:10.1080/08959289409539854 · Cited by 55
Decomposing adult age differences in symbol arithmetic
Salthouse, T. A., & Kersten, A. W. (1993) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197200 · Cited by 55
Self-citation
Rate of acquisition, adult age, and basic cognitive abilities predict forgetting: New views on a classic problem.
MacDonald, S. W. S., Neely, A. S., Derwinger, A., & Bäckman, L. (2006) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.135.3.368 · Cited by 51
Effects of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex on Episodic Memory Formation and Retrieval
Medvedeva, A., Materassi, M., Neacsu, V., Beresford-Webb, J., Hussin, A., Khan, N., Newton, F., & Galli, G. (2017) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx347 · Cited by 50
The Relation of White Matter Hyperintensities to Cognitive Performance in the Normal Old: Education Matters
Nebes, R. D., MELTZER, C. C., Whyte, E. M., Scanlon, J. M., Halligan, E. M., Saxton, J. A., Houck, P. R., Boada, F. E., & DeKosky, S. T. (2006) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/138255890969294 · Cited by 50
Processing speed, attentional capacity, and age-related memory change
Levitt, T., Fugelsang, J., & Crossley, M. (2006) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610730600699118 · Cited by 47
Characterizing mature human intelligence
Masunaga, H., & Horn, J. L. (2000) · Learning and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s1041-6080(00)00038-8 · Cited by 46
Dissociations in Visual Attention Deficits among Persons with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Okonkwo, O. C., Wadley, V. G., Ball, K., Vance, D. E., & Crowe, M. G. (2008) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825580701844414 · Cited by 48
Shared and unique influences on age-related cognitive change.
Salthouse, T. A. (2016) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000330 · Cited by 47
Self-citation
Age-dependent relationships between prefrontal cortex activation and processing efficiency
Motes, M. A., Biswal, B. B., & Bart Rypma, A. (2010) · Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17588928.2010.512974 · Cited by 46
Interrelations of age, self-reported health, speed, and memory.
Earles, J. L. K., Connor, L. T., Smith, A. D., & Park, D. C. (1997) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.12.4.675 · Cited by 43
Changing Role of the Speed of Processing Construct in the Cognitive Psychology of Human Aging
Hartley, A. A. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012101264-9/50012-4 · Cited by 41
Aging Influences the Neural Correlates of Lexical Decision but Not Automatic Semantic Priming
Gold, B. T., Andersen, A. H., Jicha, G. A., & Smith, C. D. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp018 · Cited by 41
Association Between Mortality and Cognitive Change Over 7 Years in a Large Representative Sample of UK Residents
Shipley, B. A., Der, G., Taylor, M. D., & Deary, I. J. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31814c3e7c · Cited by 42
Adult Age Differences in Self-Ordered Pointing Task Performance: Contributions From Working Memory, Executive Function and Speed of Information Processing
Bryan, J., & Luszcz, M. A. (2001) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.23.5.608.1250 · Cited by 40
Think Fast, Feel Fine, Live Long: A 29-Year Study of Cognition, Health, and Survival in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Aichele, S., Rabbitt, P., & Ghisletta, P. (2016) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797615626906 · Cited by 39
Patterns and Predictors of Adult Age Differences in Mental Imagery
Kemps, E., & Newson, R. S. (2005) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825580590925152 · Cited by 39
Does Need for Cognition Have the Same Meaning at Different Ages?
Soubelet, A., & Salthouse, T. A. (2016) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191116636449 · Cited by 39
Self-citation
Comparing and Combining Interaction Data and Eye-tracking Data for the Real-time Prediction of User Cognitive Abilities in Visualization Tasks
Conati, C., Lallé, S., Rahman, M. A., & Toker, D. (2020) · ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1145/3301400 · Cited by 45
Relational integration in older adults
Viskontas, I. V., Holyoak, K. J., & Knowlton, B. J. (2005) · Thinking & Reasoning · doi:10.1080/13546780542000014 · Cited by 39
Mechanisms underlying syntactic comprehension deficits in vascular aphasia: new evidence from self-paced listening
Caplan, D. N., Michaud, J., & Hufford, R. (2015) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643294.2015.1058253 · Cited by 36
Unravelling the effects of sequential presentation in culprit‐present lineups
Memon, A., & Gabbert, F. (2003) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.909 · Cited by 38
Interpreting inspection time as a measure of the speed of sensory processing
White, M. A. (1996) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(95)00171-9 · Cited by 40
The hippocampus and semantic memory over time
Klooster, N. B., Tranel, D., & Duff, M. C. (2019) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104711 · Cited by 37
Specific Impairments of Selective Attention in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease
Pignatti, R., Rabuffetti, M., Imbornone, E., Mantovani, F., Alberoni, M., Farina, E., & Canal, N. (2005) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803390490520427 · Cited by 37
Contribution of age, genes, and environment to the relationship between perceptual speed and cognitive ability.
Finkel, D., & Pedersen, N. L. (2000) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.15.1.56 · Cited by 37
Attempted decomposition of age-related influences on two tests of reasoning.
Salthouse, T. A. (2001) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.16.2.251 · Cited by 37
Self-citation
Growing Slower and Less Accurate: Adult Age Differences in Time-Accuracy Functions for Recall and Recognition From Episodic Memory PaulVerhaeghen
Vandenbroucke, A. (1998) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/036107398244337 · Cited by 37
Executive functioning and processing speed in age-related differences in time estimation: a comparison of young, old, and very old adults
Baudouin, A., Isingrini, M. L., & Vanneste, S. (2018) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825585.2018.1426715 · Cited by 36
Longitudinal mediation of processing speed on age-related change in memory and fluid intelligence.
Robitaille, A., Piccinin, A. M., Terrera, G. M., Hoffman, L., Johansson, B. E. A., Deeg, D. J. H., Aartsen, M., Comijs, H. C., & Hofer, S. M. (2013) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0033316 · Cited by 38
Exploratory Study of Executive Function Abilities Across the Adult Lifespan in Individuals Receiving an ASD Diagnosis in Adulthood
Abbott, P., Happe, F. G. E., & Charlton, R. A. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3675-x · Cited by 39
Both odor identification and ApoE-ε4 contribute to normative cognitive aging.
Finkel, D., Reynolds, C. A., Larsson, M. U., Gatz, M., & Pedersen, N. L. (2011) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0023371 · Cited by 33
Tip-of-the-Tongue States and Aging: Contrasting Psycholinguistic and Metacognitive Perspectives
Schwartz, B. L., & Frazier, L. D. (2005) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.3200/genp.132.4.377-391 · Cited by 33
Remembering and Knowing in Adulthood: Effects of Enacted Encoding and Relations to Processing Speed
Lövdén, M., Rönnlund, M., & Nilsson, L. (2002) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1076/anec.9.3.184.9612 · Cited by 32
Speed and Capacity of Language Processing Test: Normative Data From an Older American Community-Dwelling Sample
Saxton, J. A., Ratcliff, G. G., Dodge, H. H., Pandav, R. S., Baddeley, A., & Ganguli, M. (2001) · Applied Neuropsychology · doi:10.1207/09084280152829039 · Cited by 31
Age-related increases in right frontal activation during task switching are mediated by reaction time and white matter microstructure
Zhu, Z., Hakun, J. G., Johnson, N. F., & Gold, B. T. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.076 · Cited by 30
Age-related impairment in associative learning: The role of anxiety, arousal and learning self-efficacy
Fisk, J. E., & Warr, P. B. (1996) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(96)00120-1 · Cited by 29
Age and Distance to Death in the Seattle Longitudinal Study
Bosworth, H. B., Schaie, K. W., Willis, S. L., & Siegler, I. C. (1999) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027599216001 · Cited by 29
Effects of age and eccentricity on visual target detection
Gruber, N., Müri, R. M., Mosimann, U. P., Bieri, R., Aeschimann, A., Zito, G. A., Urwyler, P., Nyffeler, T., & Nef, T. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2013.00101 · Cited by 28
The effect of vascular health factors on white matter microstructure mediates age-related differences in executive function performance
Hoagey, D. A., Lazarus, L. T. T., Rodrigue, K. M., & Kennedy, K. M. (2021) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2021.04.016 · Cited by 27
Neural Correlates of the Difference between Working Memory Speed and Simple Sensorimotor Speed: An fMRI Study
Takeuchi, H., Sugiura, M., Sassa, Y., Sekiguchi, A., Yomogida, Y., Taki, Y., & Kawashima, R. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0030579 · Cited by 28
Screening Instruments and Brief Batteries for Dementia
Mast, B. T., & Gerstenecker, A. T. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374961-1.10019-3 · Cited by 27
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intraindividual Variability in Reaction Time
Finkel, D., & McGue, M. K. (2006) · Experimental Aging Research · doi:10.1080/03610730601006222 · Cited by 28
Effects of divided attention and time course on automatic and controlled components of memory in older adults.
Schmitter‐Edgecombe, M. (1999) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037//0882-7974.14.2.331 · Cited by 27
Associative Learning and Short-Term Forgetting as a Function of Age, Perceptual Speed, and Central Executive Functioning
Fisk, J. E., & Warr, P. B. (1998) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/53b.2.p112 · Cited by 26
Poor Encoding and Weak Early Consolidation Underlie Memory Acquisition Deficits in Multiple Sclerosis: Retroactive Interference, Processing Speed, or Working Memory?
Sandry, J. D., Zuppichini, M. D., Rothberg, J., Valdespino‐Hayden, Z., & DeLuca, J. (2018) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acy029 · Cited by 24
Cognitive and motor slowing in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression
Nebes, R. D., Halligan, E. M., Rosen, J., & Reynolds, C. F. (1998) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617798455024 · Cited by 24
Linking obsessional beliefs to OCD symptoms in older and younger adults
Teachman, B. A. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2006.08.016 · Cited by 24
Prioritization of Self-Relevant Perspectives in Ageing
Mattan, B. D., Quinn, K. A., Acaster, S. L., Jennings, R. M., & Rotshtein, P. (2015) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2015.1127399 · Cited by 22
Sentence Production in a Discourse Context in Latent Aphasia: A Real-Time Study
Salis, C., & DeDe, G. (2022) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2022_ajslp-21-00232 · Cited by 22
Memory plasticity in older adults: Cognitive predictors of training response and maintenance following learning of number–consonant mnemonic
Sandberg, P., Rönnlund, M., Derwinger, A., & Neely, A. S. (2015) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2015.1046459 · Cited by 20
Age-related cognitive decline and navigation in electronic environments
Sjölinder, M. (2006) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 21
The impact of processing speed training on working memory in old adults.
Peng, H., Wen, J., Wang, D., & Gao, Y. (2012) · Journal of Adult Development · doi:10.1007/s10804-012-9142-6 · Cited by 19
Age-related changes in time discrimination: The involvement of inhibition, working memory and speed of processing
Mioni, G., Cardullo, S., Ciavarelli, A., & Stablum, F. (2019) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-019-00170-8 · Cited by 19
The Placing Test: Preliminary Investigations of a Quick and Simple Memory Test Designed to be Sensitive to Pre-dementia Alzheimer's Disease but not to Normal Ageing
Anderson, E. J., de Jager, C. A., & Iversen, S. D. (2006) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803390591001016 · Cited by 19
Mecanismos de desarrollo de la atención selectiva en población infantil*
Introzzi, I. M., Aydmune, Y. S., Zamora, E. V., Vernucci, S., & Ledesma, R. D. (2019) · CES Psicología · doi:10.21615/cesp.12.3.8 · Cited by 18
Spatial Development
Vasilyeva, M., & Lourenco, S. F. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470880166.hlsd001020 · Cited by 18
An Exploratory Study Investigating the Effects of Barefoot Running on Working Memory
Alloway, R. G., Alloway, T. P., Magyari, P. M., & Floyd, S. (2016) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/0031512516640391 · Cited by 21
The effect of strategic memory training in older adults: who benefits most?
Rosi, A., Signore, F. D., Canelli, E., Allegri, N., Bottiroli, S., Vecchi, T., & Cavallini, E. (2017) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610217002691 · Cited by 17
On the Relative Role of Inhibition in Age-Related Working Memory Decline
Gerven, P. W. M. V., van Boxtel, M. P. J., Meijer, W. A., Willems, D., & Jolles, J. (2006) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/138255891007038 · Cited by 17
Psychometric and Psychodynamic Correlates of First Memories in Younger and Older Adults
Rybash, J. M., & Hrubi, K. L. (1997) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/37.5.581 · Cited by 17
Is there a window of opportunity for religiosity? Children and adolescents preferentially recall religious-type cultural representations, but older adults do not
Gregory, J. P., & Greenway, T. S. (2016) · Religion Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1080/2153599x.2016.1196234 · Cited by 16
Effects of Integrated Violence Intervention on Alexithymia, Cognitive, and Neurocognitive Features of Violence in Schizophrenia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Hsu, M., & Ouyang, W. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11070837 · Cited by 16
Standardizing the RT-2S Brake Reaction Time Tester
Dickerson, A. E., Reistetter, T., Parnell, M., Robinson, S., Stone, K., & Whitley, K. (2008) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics · doi:10.1080/02703180802306932 · Cited by 16
Cognitive, Language, and Literacy Development in Socio-culturally Vulnerable School Children – The Case of Ethiopian Israeli Children
Shany, M., & Geva, E. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2327-6_5 · Cited by 15
Cognitive Differences for Ages 16 to 89 Years (Canadian WAIS-III)
Lee, H. F., Gorsuch, R. L., Saklofske, D. H., & Patterson, C. A. (2008) · Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment · doi:10.1177/0734282908323628 · Cited by 15
The Stroop Color‐Word task as a measure of selective attention: Efficiency in the elderly
Vakil, E., Manovich, R., Ramati, E., & Blachstein, H. (1996) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565649609540655 · Cited by 15
An examination of the adult age-related differences on the raven's advanced progressive matrices: A structural equations approach
Babcock, R. L., & Laguna, K. D. (1996) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825589608256623 · Cited by 15
Acquiring an Artificial Logographic Orthography
Ehrich, J. F., & Meuter, R. F. I. (2009) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022109338624 · Cited by 15
Effects of Bilingualism and Trilingualism in L2 Production: Evidence from Errors and Self-Repairs in Early Balanced Bilingual and Trilingual Adults
Hsu, H.-L. (2013) · Journal of Psycholinguistic Research · doi:10.1007/s10936-013-9257-3 · Cited by 17
Recall and Recognition Measures of Paired Associate Learning in Healthy Aging
Lowndes, G., Saling, M. M., Ames, D. J., Chiu, E., Gonzalez, L., & Savage, G. R. (2008) · Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition · doi:10.1080/13825580802099678 · Cited by 13
Effects of age and the relationship between response time measures and psychometric intelligence in younger adults
Rammsayer, T. H., & Troche, S. J. (2009) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2009.08.013 · Cited by 13
Perceptual identification across the life span: a dissociation of early gains and late losses
Waszak, F., Schneider, W. X., Li, S., & Hommel, B. (2008) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-008-0139-5 · Cited by 13

Authors: Salthouse, T. A.
Affiliations: Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
Corresponding author: Salthouse, Timothy A.
Venue: Developmental Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1993-07
Volume: 29
Issue: 4
Pages: 722-738
ISSN: 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
1939-0599
DOI: 10.1037/0012-1649.29.4.722
OpenAlex: W2085514551
Cited by: 307
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 20.54
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Keywords: processing speed, age differences in cognition, fluid intelligence, perceptual speed, paired-associate memory, free recall, reasoning, spatial ability, cognitive processes, partial correlation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Speed mediation of adult age differences in cognition

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks