Four-year longitudinal study of conduct disorder in boys: patterns and predictors of persistence
Abstract
A prospective study of conduct disorder (CD) was conducted using 4 annual structured diagnostic interviews of 171 clinic-referred boys, their parents, and their teachers. Only about half of the 65 boys who met criteria for CD in Year 1 met criteria again during the next year, but 88% met criteria for CD again at least once during the next 3 years. For most boys with CD, the number of symptoms fluctuated above and below the diagnostic threshold from year to year but remained relatively high. Lower socioeconomic status, parental antisocial personality disorder (APD), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder were significant correlates of CD in Year 1, but the interaction of parental APD and the boy's verbal intelligence predicted the persistence of CD symptoms over time (i.e., only boys without a parent with APD and with above-average verbal intelligence clearly improved).
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The role of environmental factors such as poverty in the etiology versus the stability of symptoms and disorders may vary depending on the type of disorder.
“It is interesting to note that the role of environmental factors, such as poverty, in the etiology versus the stability of symptoms and disorders may vary, depending on the type of disorder.”
From Subthreshold Symptoms of Depression in Preadolescent Girls Are Stable and Predictive of Depressive Disorders (2008) · cites this paper as [41]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Lahey, B. B., Loeber, R., Hart, E. L., Frick, P. J., Applegate, B., Zhang, Q., Green, S. M., & Russo, M. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Yale University (US)
- University of Alabama (US)
- University of Miami (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 1995-02
- Volume
- 104
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 83-93
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2016593622
- Cited by
- 305
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 13.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Civil War Book Review (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH042529, 1-R01-MH42529)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Keywords
- conduct disorder, boys, longitudinal trends, socioeconomic status, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, verbal intelligence, predictors of persistence, clinic-referred children
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child Behavior Disorders, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Parents, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Socioeconomic Factors
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