Cited by 191Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and PsychiatryVisual perception and processing mechanisms

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Stimulus configuration and context effects in perceptual organization in schizophrenia

Silverstein, Steven M., Knight, Raymond A., Schwarzkopf, Steven B., West, Laura L., Osborn, Leah M., Kamin, Don·1996·Journal of Abnormal Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0021-843x.105.3.410

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Abstract

Two studies assessed perceptual organization in schizophrenia to determine (a) whether inpatient and outpatient groups with poor premorbid schizophrenia have comparable levels of perceptual organization deficit; and (b) whether the deficit could be eliminated by task manipulations. In Study 1, inpatients demonstrated clear evidence of a perceptual organization deficit, whereas outpatients performed similarly to the control groups. In Study 2, a performance pattern that operationally defined a perceptual organization deficit was eliminated by a task manipulation thought to aid in context processing. The perceptual organization deficit is most pronounced in actively symptomatic patients with poor premorbid schizophrenia, and the deficit reflects, in part, deficient top-down influences to basic perceptual processes.

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Local–global processing in early-onset schizophrenia: Evidence for an impairment in shifting the spatial scale of attention
Bellgrove, M. A., Vance, A. L. A., & Bradshaw, J. L. (2003) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0278-2626(02)00509-2 · Cited by 40
Information Processing, Social Cognition, and Psychiatric Rehabilitation in Schizophrenia
Silverstein, S. M. (1997) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.1997.11024810 · Cited by 39
Preattentive visual search and perceptual grouping in schizophrenia
Carr, V. J., Dewis, S. A. M., & Lewin, T. J. (1998) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(98)00035-3 · Cited by 39
“The latter implies a potential influence of memory-related factors, such as context, meaning and attentional strategies, on perceptual organization (Silverstein et al., 1996).”
Background
Space and Objects: On the Phenomenology and Cognitive Neuroscience of Anomalous Perception in Schizophrenia (Ancillary Article to EAWE Domain 1)
Silverstein, S. M., Demmin, D. L., & Škodlar, B. (2017) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000452493 · Cited by 36
Implications of holistic face processing in autism and schizophrenia
Watson, T. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00414 · Cited by 45
Visual context processing dysfunctions in youth at high risk for psychosis: Resistance to the Ebbinghaus illusion and its symptom and social and role functioning correlates.
Mittal, V. A., Gupta, T., Keane, B. P., & Silverstein, S. M. (2015) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000082 · Cited by 37
Visual Organization Processes in Schizophrenia
van Assche, M., & Giersch, A. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp084 · Cited by 37
“Alternatively, this might have something to do with patients’ difficulty with processing contextual information.(9,13,14,34,35) In our perceptual task, the context was provided by grouping cues, whereas in the Stroop task, the context was provided by the semantic information conveyed by the word.”
Background
A risk factor screening and assessment protocol for schizophrenia and related psychosis
Carr, V. J., Halpin, S., Lau, N. S., O'Brien, S., Beckmann, J., & Lewin, T. J. (2000) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1614.2000.00792.x · Cited by 33
Gestalt perception in schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Uhlhaas, P. J. (2003) · Stirling Online Research Repository (University of Stirling) · Cited by 31
Cognition in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder: impairments that are more similar than different
Owoso, A., Carter, C. S., Gold, J. M., MacDonald, A. W., Ragland, J. D., Silverstein, S. M., Strauss, M. E., & Barch, D. M. (2013) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713000536 · Cited by 32
“…visual integration has not previously been examined in a separate group of schizo-affective patients [only in people with this diagnosis who were part of a mixed-diagnosis psychiatric control group of psychotic disorders other than schizophrenia (e.g. Silverstein et al. 1996; Uhlhaas et al. 2006)].”
Perceptual organization in ketamine users: preliminary evidence of deficits on night of drug use but not 3 days later
Uhlhaas, P. J., Millard, I., Muetzelfeldt, L., Curran, H. V., & Morgan, C. J. A. (2007) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881107077739 · Cited by 36
Auditory stream segregation impairments in schizophrenia
Weintraub, D. M., Ramage, E. M., Sutton, G. P., Ringdahl, E. N., Boren, A., Pasinski, A. C., Thaler, N., Haderlie, M., Allen, D. N., & Snyder, J. S. (2012) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01457.x · Cited by 28
Aberrant high-frequency desynchronization of cerebellar cortices in early-onset psychosis
Wilson, T. W., Slason, E., Hernandez, O. O., Asherin, R. M., Reite, M. L., Teale, P. D., & Rojas, D. C. (2009) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2009.03.009 · Cited by 29
“…cognitive descriptions of psychosis as the integration impairments found across sensorimotor tasks and in all sensory modalities (Hemsley, 1996; Silverstein et al., 1996; Gray, 1998; Altshuler et al., 2004; Bombin et al., 2005) could emerge from dysfunctional connectivity between involved…”
Background
Electromagnetic brain activity evoked by affective stimuli in schizophrenia
Rockstroh, B. S., Junghöfer, M., Elbert, T. R., Buodo, G., & Miller, G. A. (2006) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2006.00424.x · Cited by 29
“…amygdala activation (Gur et al., 2002; Schneider et al., 1998; Taylor, Liberzon, Decker, & Koeppe, The assistance of Drs. Hans Watzl and Karl Pröpster in patient diagnoses, Patricia Andreas and Tzvetan Popov in data acquisition, and Ursula Lommen in data analysis is gratefully acknowledged.”
Background
The Miiller-Lyer Illusion as a Tool for Schizophrenia Screening
Pessoa, V. F., Monge-Fuentes, V., Simon, C. Y., Suganuma, E., & Tavares, M. C. H. (2008) · Reviews in the Neurosciences · doi:10.1515/revneuro.2008.19.2-3.91 · Cited by 27
Perceptual organization and visual search processes during target detection task performance in schizophrenia, as revealed by fMRI
Silverstein, S. M., Berten, S., Essex, B. G., All, S. D., Kasi, R. E., & Little, D. M. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.05.030 · Cited by 26
“…lobe: (1) a series of prior behavioral studies using this task suggested that bottom-up processing during this task is intact in schizophrenia (Silverstein et al., 1996); and (2) fMRI evidence implicates V1 in grouping by similarity and proximity, the two cues involved in this study's task…”
Influential
Lack of flexibility in visual grouping in patients with schizophrenia.
Giersch, A., & Rhein, V. F. (2008) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.117.1.132 · Cited by 25
The effects of radiofrequency lesion or transection of the fimbria–fornix on latent inhibition in the rat
Pouzet, B., Veenman, C., Yee, B. K., Feldon, J., & Weiner, I. (1999) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00691-5 · Cited by 25
Verbal memory in schizophrenia: sex differences over repeated assessments
Fiszdon, J. M. (2003) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00285-2 · Cited by 23
“A number of aspects of cognitive functioning is also known to change with clinical state in schizophrenia (Neuchterlein et al., 1992; Silverstein et al., 1996); however, verbal memory has not been extensively studied in this regard.”
Background
Collinear contextual suppression in schizophrenic patients
Schütze, C., Bongard, I., Marbach, S., Brand, A., & Herzog, M. H. (2007) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.03.021 · Cited by 23
Contour integration impairment in schizophrenia and first episode psychosis: State or trait?
Feigenson, K. A., Keane, B. P., Roché, M. W., & Silverstein, S. M. (2014) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.09.028 · Cited by 22
“Support for this hypothesis comes from data on other forms of perceptual organization, indicating more intact functioning in first episode compared to later episode schizophrenia patients (Silverstein et al., 1996, 2006b).”
Visuo-spatial processing in a dynamic and a static working memory paradigm in schizophrenia
Cocchi, L., Schenk, F., Volken, H., Bovet, P., Parnas, J., & Vianin, P. (2007) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2006.02.004 · Cited by 22
Reading in Schizophrenic Subjects and Their Nonsymptomatic First-Degree Relatives
Roberts, E. O., Proudlock, F. A., Martin, K., Reveley, M. A., Al-Uzri, M., & Gottlob, I. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr191 · Cited by 21
“nents of vision such as color, motion, and orientation into a more global representation), have recently been detected.(14,15) Recently, Knebel et al used visual evoked potentials (VEPs) to show that schizophrenia leads to deficits in the early visual processing of parafoveal vision.”
Background
The relation between cognitive-perceptual schizotypal traits and the Ebbinghaus size-illusion is mediated by judgment time
Bressan, P., & Krämer, P. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00343 · Cited by 21
“Silverstein et al. (1992), for example, found no effect on perceptual organization of either depression or anhedonia.”
Background
Schizophrenia: Putting context in context
Park, S., Lee, J., Folley, B. S., & Kim, J. (2003) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x03380021 · Cited by 21
Is disorganization a feature of schizophrenia or a modifying influence: Evidence of covariation of perceptual and cognitive organization in a non-patient sample
Feigenson, K. A., Gara, M. A., Roché, M. W., & Silverstein, S. M. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.03.005 · Cited by 21
“PO dysfunction has been repeatedly demonstrated in schizophrenia patients (e.g. Snyder, 1961; Cox and Leventhal, 1978; Wells and Leventhal, 1984; Silverstein et al., 1996, 2000; for review, see Silverstein and Keane, 2011) and, among biobehavioral markers, has shown a high level of specificity for…”
MethodInfluential
Perceptual organization deficits in psychotic patients
PETERS, E. R., Nunn, J. A., Pickering, A. D., & Hemsley, D. R. (2002) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-1781(02)00096-3 · Cited by 21
“Keywords: Schizophrenia; Top-down processing; Perceptual organization; Degraded Stroop”
Processing of Spatial-Frequency Altered Faces in Schizophrenia: Effects of Illness Phase and Duration
Silverstein, S. M., Keane, B. P., Papathomas, T. V., Lathrop, K. L., Kourtev, H., Feigenson, K. A., Roché, M. W., Wang, Y., Mikkilineni, D., & Paterno, D. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0114642 · Cited by 20
“Emerging evidence suggests that visual processing that is strongly driven by top-down modulation involving prior experience is state-linked [10–13] whereas processing that reflects primarily bottom-up influences is stable across clinical state [14].”
Background
The relationship between visual-perception and attention in Chinese with schizophrenia
Lee, T. M. C., & Cheung, P. P. Y. (2004) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.02.024 · Cited by 20
“We did not control for patient medication because those patients who agreed to be withdrawn from their medication were not representative of the clinical population being studied (Silverstein et al., 1996; Spohn and Fitzpatrick, 1980).”
Background
Altered perception of apparent motion in schizophrenia spectrum disorder
Tschacher, W., Dubouloz, P., Meier, R., & Junghan, U. (2008) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2007.04.005 · Cited by 20
“Some studies on perceptual organization have reported that impairments were found only in poor premorbid schizophrenia inpatients, and not in outpatients (Silverstein et al., 1996).”
Background
Attentional modulation of perceptual organisation in schizophrenia
Kéri, S., Kelemen, O., & Benedek, G. (2009) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546800902757936 · Cited by 19
“( 1996 ) found that perceptual organisation dysfunctions could be improved through attentional modulation.”
Background
The spatial range of contour integration deficits in schizophrenia
Keane, B. P., Silverstein, S. M., Barch, D. M., Carter, C. S., Gold, J. M., Kovács, I., MacDonald, A. W., Ragland, J. D., & Strauss, M. E. (2012) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-012-3134-4 · Cited by 20
“…examples include: reduced contrast enhancement between collinear elements (Must et al. 2004); weakened shape-based and location-based grouping (Place and Gilmore 1980; Silverstein et al. 1996); and lessened susceptibility to contextually induced size illusions (Uhlhaas et al. 2006), among others.”
Altered depth perception is associated with presence of schizotypal personality traits
Barbato, M., Collinson, S. L., & Casagrande, M. (2011) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2011.576864 · Cited by 19
“Such anomalies have been attributed to a disturbance in ‘‘top down’’ neural processing, information processing that is influenced by concepts or expectations, as opposed to ‘‘bottom up’’ processing, which is more stimulus driven (Lindsay & Norman, 1972; Potts, O’Donnell, Hirayasu, & McCarley, 2002; Rassovsky, Green, N…”
Background
Why do schizophrenic patients hallucinate?
Roelfsema, P. R., & Supèr, H. (2003) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x03410029 · Cited by 18
Comparison of visual perceptual organization in schizophrenia and body dysmorphic disorder
Silverstein, S. M., Elliott, C. M., Feusner, J. D., Keane, B. P., Mikkilineni, D., Hansen, N. S., Hartmann, A. S., & Wilhelm, S. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.107 · Cited by 19

Authors: Silverstein, S. M., Knight, R. A., Schwarzkopf, S. B., West, L. L., Osborn, L. M., & Kamin, D.
Affiliations: University of Rochester Medicine (US)
ORCID: Silverstein, Steven M.
Knight, Raymond A.
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1996-08
Volume: 105
Issue: 3
Pages: 410-420
ISSN: 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
1939-1846
DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.105.3.410
OpenAlex: W2063723431
Cited by: 191
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 4.39
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
Keywords: perceptual organization, schizophrenia, stimulus configuration, context effects, premorbid functioning, inpatient versus outpatient comparison, top-down processing, perceptual deficits
MeSH terms: Adult, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Orientation, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Disorders, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychomotor Performance, Psychotic Disorders, Reaction Time, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Schizotypal Personality Disorder

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Stimulus configuration and context effects in perceptual organization in schizophrenia

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