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Cited by 290Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesHomicide, Infanticide, and Child AbusePersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

Relationships among suicide ideators, attempters, and multiple attempters in a young-adult sample.

Rudd, M. David, Joiner, Thomas, Rajab, M. Hasan·1996·Journal of Abnormal Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0021-843x.105.4.541
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Abstract

The relationships among suicide ideators, attempters, and multiple attempters were explored in 332 psychiatric patients referred specifically for suicidal ideation or behavior. Previous researchers have subsumed multiple attempters under the general category of attempters. However, comparisons across a range of variables, including Axis I diagnoses from the revised 3rd edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (American Psychiatric Association, 1987) depressive and anxiety symptoms, suicidal ideation, hopelessness, problem solving, and a range of personality features revealed that multiple attempters presented a more severe clinical picture and, accordingly, elevated suicide risk compared with attempters and ideators. Observed differences between groups were maintained when attempters with "questionable intent" (i.e., those making equivocal attempts) were excluded from the analyses.

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  • A history of past attempts is a robust predictor of death by suicide, yet many individuals who die by suicide do so on their first attempt, up to half.

    “a history of past attempts (see references in Table 1) especially multiple past attempts (Christiansen & Jensen, 2007; Haw, Bergen, Casey, & Hawton, 2007; Kotila & Lonnqvist, 1987; Suominen, Isometsa, Haukka, & Lonnqvist, 2004; Zonda, 2006), is a robust predictor of death by suicide, yet many individuals who die by suicide do so on their first attempt (ie., up to half; Rudd, Joiner, & Rajab, 1996)”

    From The interpersonal theory of suicide. (2010) · cites this paper as Rudd, Joiner, & Rajab, 1996

  • The literature also shows that most people who attempt suicide do not eventually die by suicide, and up to half of those who die by suicide do so on their first attempt.

    “the literature also indicates that the majority of individuals who attempt suicide will not eventually die by suicide and that many individuals (i.e., up to half) who die by suicide do so on their first attempt (Rudd, Joiner, & Rajab, 1996).”

    From The interpersonal theory of suicide. (2010) · cites this paper as Rudd, Joiner, & Rajab, 1996

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Authors
Rudd, M. D., Joiner, T., & Rajab, M. H.
Affiliations
  • Texas A&M Health Science Center (US)
  • The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
  • Scott & White Memorial Hospital (US)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1996-11
Volume
105
Issue
4
Pages
541-550
ISSN
  • 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1846
DOI
10.1037/0021-843x.105.4.541
OpenAlex
W2064670333
Cited by
290
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 12
FWCI
6.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords
suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, repeated suicide attempts, young adults, psychiatric patients, suicide risk, hopelessness, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, personality traits, problem solving
MeSH terms
Adult, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Military Personnel, Motivation, Patient Admission, Personality Inventory, Psychotherapy, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Suicide, Attempted

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