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Fear conditioning in panic disorder: Enhanced resistance to extinction
Open accessAbstract
Enhanced conditionability has been proposed as a crucial factor in the etiology and maintenance of panic disorder (PD). To test this assumption, the authors of the current study examined the acquisition and extinction of conditioned responses to aversive stimuli in PD. Thirty-nine PD patients and 33 healthy control participants took part in a differential aversive conditioning experiment. A highly annoying but not painful electrical stimulus served as the unconditioned stimulus (US), and two neutral pictures were used as either the paired conditioned stimulus (CS+) or the unpaired conditioned stimulus (CS-). Results indicate that PD patients do not show larger conditioned responses during acquisition than control participants. However, in contrast to control participants, PD patients exhibited larger skin conductance responses to CS+ stimuli during extinction and maintained a more negative evaluation of them, as indicated by valence ratings obtained several times throughout the experiment. This suggests that PD patients show enhanced conditionability with respect to extinction.
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“PTSD patients show impaired fear extinction (Blechert, Michael, Vriends, Margraf, & Wilhelm, 2007; Michael, Blechert, Vriends, Margraf, & Wilhelm, 2007; Milad et al., 2009)”
From Nicotine addiction and psychiatric disorders (2015) · cites this paper as Michael et al., 2007
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Metadata
- Authors
- Michael, T., Blechert, J., Vriends, N., Margraf, J., & Wilhelm, F. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Basel (CH)
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 612-617
- ISSN
- 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1846
- OpenAlex
- W2027993054
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 11.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel) (acceptedVersion)
- edoc (University of Basel)
- Funders
- Swiss National Science Foundation (105311-104038; 105311-105850)
- Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft Basel
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Keywords
- panic disorder, fear conditioning, extinction, conditioned response acquisition, skin conductance response, aversive stimuli, stimulus valence, differential conditioning
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Attitude, Conditioning, Classical, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Panic Disorder
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