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Cited by 113Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchMemory Processes and InfluencesPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

Enhanced Priming for Trauma-Related Material in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Michael, Tanja, Ehlers, Anke, Halligan, Sarah L.·2005·Emotion
DOI 10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.103
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Abstract

Intrusive reexperiencing in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been linked to perceptual priming for trauma-related material. A prospective longitudinal study (N = 69) investigated perceptual priming for trauma-related, general threat, and neutral words in assault survivors with and without PTSD, using a new version of the word-stem completion task. Survivors with PTSD showed enhanced priming for trauma-related words. Furthermore, priming for trauma-related words measured soon after the trauma was associated with subsequent PTSD severity at 3, 6, and 9 months. The enhanced priming effect was specific to trauma-related words. Enhanced perceptual priming for traumatic material appears to be one of the cognitive processes operating in PTSD.

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Crossref · 10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.103

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  • At eight weeks post-trauma the degree of priming was significantly greater in assault survivors with PTSD than those without PTSD.

    “Michael et al. showed that at eight weeks post-trauma the degree of priming was significantly greater in assault survivors with PTSD than those without PTSD.”

    From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as Michael, Ehlers, & Halligan, 2005

  • Two recent studies employing a word-stem completion task found that the degree of priming for trauma-related words assessed in survivors post-trauma predicted the subsequent development of symptoms.

    “However, two recent studies employing a word-stem completion task found that the degree of priming for trauma-related words assessed in survivors post-trauma predicted the subsequent development of symptoms (Ehring & Ehlers, 2011; Michael, Ehlers, & Halligan, 2005).”

    From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as Michael, Ehlers, & Halligan, 2005

  • Empirical studies confirm that flashbacks appear to be a specific indicator of PTSD, and the sense of 'nowness' is predictive of the course of the disorder over and above the effects of initial symptom levels.

    “Importantly, empirical studies confirm that flashbacks appear to be a specific indicator of PTSD (Bryant, et al., 2011), and the sense of 'nowness' is predictive of the course of the disorder over and above the effects of initial symptom levels (Kleim, Ehlers, & Glucksman, 2007; Michael, Ehlers, Halligan, & Clark, 2005).”

    From Episodic memory, perceptual memory, and their interaction: Foundations for a theory of posttraumatic stress disorder. (2014) · cites this paper as Michael, Ehlers, Halligan, & Clark, 2005

  • Intrusion distress and "nowness" have been indicated as predictors of later PTSD.

    “Given that intrusion distress and “nowness” (the extent to which they are experienced as occurring in the present moment) have been indicated as predictors of later PTSD (Michael, Ehlers, Halligan, & Clark, 2005), assessing various characteristics of intrusive memories as outcomes in experimental studies may be fruitful for clinical translation.”

    From Intrusive memories of trauma: A target for research bridging cognitive science and its clinical application (2019) · cites this paper as Michael, Ehlers, Halligan, & Clark, 2005

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Authors
Michael, T., Ehlers, A., & Halligan, S. L.
Affiliations
University of Oxford (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Emotion
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
2005-03
Volume
5
Issue
1
Pages
103-112
ISSN
  • 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
  • 1931-1516
DOI
10.1037/1528-3542.5.1.103
OpenAlex
W2032338937
Cited by
113
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
FWCI
8.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Emotion (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Wellcome Trust (069777)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords
post-traumatic stress disorder, perceptual priming, threat words, PTSD symptom severity
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Arousal, Attention, Cues, Emotions, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Paired-Associate Learning, Mental Recall, Semantics, Set, Psychology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Violence, Survivors

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