Relationships of goal orientation, metacognitive activity, and practice strategies with learning outcomes and transfer.

Ford, J. Kevin, Smith, Eleanor M., Weissbein, Daniel A., Gully, Stanley M., Salas, Eduardo·1998·Journal of Applied Psychology

Abstract

A model of learning transfer that focused on the active role of the learner was developed and tested within a complex decision-making task. The study examined how individual differences, learning strategies, and training outcomes influenced transfer of learning to a more complex task. A sample of 93 undergraduate students participated in a 2-day radar operations study. Hierarchical regression analysis results indicated that mastery orientation was positively related to metacognitive activity of the learner. Metacognitive activity was significantly related to knowledge acquisition, skilled performance at the end of training, and self-efficacy. All 3 of these training outcomes were related to performance on the transfer task. Implications of these findings for research and practice are discussed.

Cites (10)

  1. Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency
    Bandura, Albert · 1982 · American Psychologist
  2. Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive–developmental inquiry
    Flavell, John H. · 1979 · American Psychologist
  3. A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality.
    Dweck, Carol S., Leggett, Ellen L. · 1988 · Psychological Review
  4. Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance.
    Pintrich, Paul R., De Groot, Elisabeth V. · 1990 · Journal of Educational Psychology
  5. Motivational processes affecting learning.
    Dweck, Carol S. · 1986 · American Psychologist
  6. Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation.
    Ames, Carole · 1992 · Journal of Educational Psychology
  7. Acquisition of cognitive skill
    Anderson, John R. · 1982 · Psychological Review
  8. Application of cognitive, skill-based, and affective theories of learning outcomes to new methods of training evaluation.
    Kraiger, Kurt, Ford, J. Kevin, Salas, Eduardo · 1993 · Journal of Applied Psychology
  9. New Conceptualizations of Practice: Common Principles in Three Paradigms Suggest New Concepts for Training
    Schmidt, Richard A., Bjork, Robert A. · 1992 · Psychological Science
  10. The influence of improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other functions. (I).
    Woodworth, R. S., Thorndike, E. L. · 1901 · Psychological Review

Show all 10 references

Cited by (42)

  1. The Role of Goal Orientation in Self-Regulated Learning
    Pintrich, Paul R. · 2000 · Handbook of Self-Regulation
  2. Focus on Formative Feedback
    Shute, Valerie J. · 2008 · Review of Educational Research
  3. Toward an integrative theory of training motivation: A meta-analytic path analysis of 20 years of research.
    Colquitt, Jason A., LePine, Jeffrey A., Noe, Raymond A. · 2000 · Journal of Applied Psychology
  4. The science of training: a decade of progress
    Salas, Eduardo, Cannon-Bowers, Janis A. · 2001 · Annual Review of Psychology
  5. EMPLOYEES' GOAL ORIENTATIONS, THE QUALITY OF LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE, AND THE OUTCOMES OF JOB PERFORMANCE AND JOB SATISFACTION.
    Janssen, O., Van Yperen, N. W. · 2004 · Academy of Management Journal

See all 785

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Relationships of goal orientation, metacognitive activity, and practice strategies with learning outcomes and transfer. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1037//0021-9010.83.2.218
The paper
Ford, J. K., Smith, E. M., Weissbein, D. A., Gully, S. M., & Salas, E. (1998). Relationships of goal orientation, metacognitive activity, and practice strategies with learning outcomes and transfer. Journal of Applied Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.83.2.218

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.