The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 80 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Leader-member exchange and member performance: A new look at individual-level negative feedback-seeking behavior and team-level empowerment climate.
Abstract
From a basis in social exchange theory, the authors investigated whether, and how, negative feedback-seeking behavior and a team empowerment climate affect the relationship between leader-member exchange (LMX) and member performance. Results showed that subordinates' negative feedback-seeking behavior mediated the relationship between LMX and both objective and subjective in-role performance. In addition, the level of a team's empowerment climate was positively related to subordinates' own sense of empowerment, which in turn negatively moderated the effects of LMX on negative feedback-seeking behavior.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Empowering behaviours such as providing discretion and latitude over decision making constitute positive exchange behaviours. Furthermore, empowering ones followers makes a leader vulnerable and demonstrates confidence; key features of trust (Zhang & Zhou, 2014).”
From A meta-analysis of the role of trust in the leadership- performance relationship (2021) · cites this paper as Chen, Lam, & Zhong, (2007)
Citations
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173 · Cited by 91,532
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005 · Cited by 27,200
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind.
Triandis, H. C., & Hofstede, G. (1993) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393257 · Cited by 17,696
Exchange and Power in Social Life
Blau, P. M. (2017) · doi:10.4324/9780203792643 · Cited by 15,923
The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior
Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (2004) · Political Psychology · doi:10.4324/9780203505984-16 · Cited by 13,467
Testing Structural Equation Models.
Clogg, C. C., Bollen, K. A., & Long, J. S. (1995) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2580595 · Cited by 8,246
PSYCHOLOGICAL, EMPOWERMENT IN THE WORKPLACE: DIMENSIONS, MEASUREMENT AND VALIDATION.
Spreitzer, G. M. (1995) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256865 · Cited by 7,424
Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5 · Cited by 7,299
Kluger, A. N., & DeNisi, A. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.2.254 · Cited by 5,882
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 80 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Graen, G. B. (Ed.). (2003). LMX leadership: Dealing with diversity. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
- Graen, G. B. (Ed.). (2004). LMX leadership: New frontiers of leadership. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
- Graen, G. B., & Cashman, J. F. (1975). A role making model in formal organizations: A developmental approach. In J. G.Hunt & L. L.Larson (Eds.), Leadership frontiers (pp. 143–165). Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.
- Graen, G. B., & Graen, J. A. (Eds.). (2005). LMX leadership: Global organizing design. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
- Liden, R. C., & Tewksbury, T. W. (1995). Empowerment and work teams. In G. R.Ferris, S. D.Rosen, & D. T.Barnum (Eds.), Handbook of human resources management (pp. 386–403). Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
- Wakabayashi, M., Chen, Z., & Graen, G. B. (2005). The global Asian way: Managerial efficacy profile (MEP) and LMX relationship in Asia. In G. B.Graen (Ed.), LMX leadership: The series. New frontiers of leadership (Vol. 2, pp. 121–137). Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 377
Qian, J., Wang, B., Han, Z. R., & Song, B. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01174 · Cited by 48
Nauman, S., Musawir, A. U., Munir, H., & Rasheed, I. (2021) · International Journal of Managing Projects in Business · doi:10.1108/ijmpb-02-2021-0031 · Cited by 45
The effect of leader–member exchange on turnover among retail buyers
DeConinck, J. B. (2008) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2008.09.011 · Cited by 43
Choi, B. K., Moon, H. K., & Nae, E. Y. (2014) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2013.818928 · Cited by 43
Facilitating the Pygmalion effect: The overlooked role of subordinate perceptions of the leader
Karakowsky, L., DeGama, N. C., & McBey, K. (2012) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.2012.02056.x · Cited by 47
Effects of leader–member exchange and workload on presenteeism
Wang, Y., Chen, C.-C., Lu, L., Eisenberger, R., & Fosh, P. (2018) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-11-2017-0414 · Cited by 44
Antecedents of Job Stress and its impact on Job Performance and Job Satisfaction
Rizwan, M. S., Waseem, A., & Bukhari, S. A. (2014) · International Journal of Learning and Development · doi:10.5296/ijld.v4i2.6097 · Cited by 41
Creative and innovative leadership: measurement development and validation
Khalili, A. (2017) · Management Research Review · doi:10.1108/mrr-09-2016-0213 · Cited by 52
Alexiev, A. S., Volberda, H., Jansen, J. J. P., & van den Bosch, F. (2019) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840619830128 · Cited by 48
Leader-Member Exchange and Stress: The Mediating Role of Job Involvement and Role Conflict
Lawrence, E. R., & Kacmar, K. M. (2012) · Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management · doi:10.21818/001c.17904 · Cited by 41
Bouckenooghe, D., Clercq, D. D., Naseer, S., & Syed, F. (2021) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-021-09750-7 · Cited by 39
Oh, W., Moon, J. Y., Hahn, J., & Kim, T.-K. (2016) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2016.0632 · Cited by 36
Livne, Y., Peterfreund, I., & Sheps, J. (2017) · Clinical Nursing Studies · doi:10.5430/cns.v5n4p65 · Cited by 36
Frontline Employee Feedback-Seeking Behavior: How Is It Formed and When Does It Matter?
Auh, S., Mengüç, B., Imer, P., & Uslu, A. (2018) · Journal of Service Research · doi:10.1177/1094670518779462 · Cited by 39
Gaining feedback acceptance: Leader-member attachment style and psychological safety
London, M., Volmer, J., Zyberaj, J., & Kluger, A. N. (2023) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2023.100953 · Cited by 35
Fein, E. C., Benea, D., Izadikhah, Z., & Tziner, A. E. (2019) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2019.1696774 · Cited by 42
Sarker, S., Sarker, S., & Schneider, C. (2009) · IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication · doi:10.1109/tpc.2008.2007871 · Cited by 35
Cascading controls: The effects of managers’ incentives on subordinate effort to help or harm
Christ, M. H., & Vance, T. W. (2017) · Accounting Organizations and Society · doi:10.1016/j.aos.2017.10.003 · Cited by 34
Learning leadership and feedback seeking behavior: Leadership that spurs feedback seeking
Crans, S., Aksentieva, P., Beausaert, S. A. J., & Segers, M. S. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.890861 · Cited by 33
Qian, J., Li, X., Song, B., Wang, B., Wang, M., Chang, S., & Xiong, Y. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00563 · Cited by 33
Lan, J., Huo, Y., Cai, Z., Wong, C., Chen, Z., & Lam, W. (2020) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12310 · Cited by 33
Self-citationLi, R., Wang, H., & Huang, M. (2018) · Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies · doi:10.1177/1548051818760998 · Cited by 29
Hong, W., & Gajendran, R. S. (2018) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2286 · Cited by 29
Yavuz, M. (2019) · Advances in human resources management and organizational development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-0058-3.ch008 · Cited by 29
Waglay, M. K., Becker, J. R., & du Plessis, M. (2020) · SA Journal of Industrial Psychology · doi:10.4102/sajip.v46i0.1762 · Cited by 35
Why and when does inclusive leadership evoke employee negative feedback-seeking behavior?
Song, J., Wang, D., & He, C. (2022) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2022.02.004 · Cited by 31
Nae, E. Y., Moon, H. K., & Choi, B. K. (2015) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/cdi-08-2014-0107 · Cited by 29
Act Expediently, with Autonomy: Vicarious Learning, Empowered Behaviors, and Performance
Sumpter, D. M., Gibson, C. B., & Porath, C. L. (2016) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-016-9440-2 · Cited by 27
Bibi, A., & Afsar, B. (2018) · Perspectives of Innovations Economics and Business · doi:10.15208/pieb.2018.3 · Cited by 30
Leaders’ Behaviors Matter: The Role of Delegation in Promoting Employees’ Feedback-Seeking Behavior
Zhang, X., Qian, J., Wang, B., Jin, Z., Wang, J., & Wang, Y. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00920 · Cited by 28
How and when LMX quality relates to counterproductive performance
Jawahar, I. M. “., Schreurs, B. H. J., & Mohammed, S. J. (2018) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/cdi-05-2018-0134 · Cited by 29
User Competence with Enterprise Systems: The Effects of Work Environment Factors
Ke, W., Kang, L., Tan, C., & Peng, C.-H. (2021) · Information Systems Research · doi:10.1287/isre.2020.0989 · Cited by 30
Elqadri, Z. M., Priyono, P., Suci, R. P., & Chandra, T. (2015) · International Education Studies · doi:10.5539/ies.v8n10p183 · Cited by 26
Wood, R. E., Roberts, V. L., & Whelan, J. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444395150.ch10 · Cited by 26
Qian, J., Lin, X., Han, Z. R., Tian, B., Chen, G. Z., & Wang, H. (2015) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2014.78 · Cited by 25
Behavioral mechanism and boundary conditions of transformational process
Pan, S.-Y., & Lin, K. J. (2015) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/jmp-07-2013-0242 · Cited by 25
The coach-athlete relationship within a cross-boundary team of experts: a conceptual analysis
Jowett, S. (2024) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2024.2416968 · Cited by 36
Factors Influencing Intentions to Use Social Recommender Systems: A Social Exchange Perspective
Chang, T., & Hsiao, W. (2013) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0278 · Cited by 26
L’effet de l’habilitation sur la performance adaptative des employés
Charbonnier‐Voirin, A., & Akremi, A. E. (2011) · Relations industrielles · doi:10.7202/1005109ar · Cited by 30
Karabey, C. N., & Alioğulları, Z. D. (2018) · Pressacademia · doi:10.17261/pressacademia.2018.944 · Cited by 22
Su, W., Lyu, B., Liu, Y., Chen, H., & Fan, J. (2019) · Journal of Psychology in Africa · doi:10.1080/14330237.2019.1665879 · Cited by 22
Cheng, T., Zhang, P., & Guo, Y. (2020) · International Journal of Hospitality Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102609 · Cited by 22
Luo, J., & Zheng, J. (2018) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2018.95075 · Cited by 27
Ni, D., & Zheng, X. (2023) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12485 · Cited by 21
Mujeeb, T., Khan, N. U., Obaid, A., Guiling, Y., Bazkiaei, H. A., & Samsudin, N. A. (2021) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci11040114 · Cited by 29
Yang, C., Chen, Y., & Gao, J. (2022) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/10596011221112232 · Cited by 22
Ejaz, H., Shafique, I., & Qammar, A. (2024) · Journal of Organizational Change Management · doi:10.1108/jocm-09-2023-0367 · Cited by 28
Estado da arte das medidas em satisfação no trabalho: uma revisão sistemática
Hora, G. P. R., Júnior, R. R., & de Souza, M. A. (2018) · Temas em Psicologia · doi:10.9788/tp2018.2-16pt · Cited by 21
Larsen, T. J., & Olaisen, J. L. (2013) · International Journal of Information Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2013.05.003 · Cited by 20
Arshad, M., Masood, M. T., & Amin, G. (2013) · International Review of Management and Business Research · Cited by 20
Qian, J., Yang, F., Han, Z. R., Wang, H., & Wang, J. (2016) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2016.1255902 · Cited by 19
The framework of first-line manager's HR role identity: A Multi-actor HR involvement perspective
Kou, X., Kurdi‐Nakra, H., & Pak, J. (2022) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100898 · Cited by 20
Wang, H., Rispens, S., & Demerouti, E. (2022) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2022.2047937 · Cited by 18
Cheng, J., Li, K., & Cao, T. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152215713 · Cited by 38
Farooq, R., & Tripathi, N. (2021) · VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems · doi:10.1108/vjikms-08-2021-0154 · Cited by 17
Kundi, Y. M., & Shahid, S. (2023) · Human Performance · doi:10.1080/08959285.2023.2208362 · Cited by 23
Oanh, L. V. L., Tettamanzi, P., Minh, D. T., Comoli, M., Mouloudj, K., Murgolo, M., & Hien, M. D. T. (2024) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci14090200 · Cited by 21
Roseman, M. G., Mathe-Soulek, K., & Krawczyk, M. (2017) · Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism · doi:10.1080/15332845.2016.1202726 · Cited by 17
Cesário, F., Rodrigues, A., Castanheira, F., & Sabino, A. (2022) · EuroMed Journal of Business · doi:10.1108/emjb-04-2021-0054 · Cited by 20
Qian, J., Yang, F., & Han, Z. R. (2015) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-015-9316-z · Cited by 18
Improving student learning through the use of multisource assessment and feedback
McGourty, J., Dominick, P. G., Besterfield‐Sacre, M., Shuman, L. J., & Wolfe, H. E. (2002) · IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE) · doi:10.1109/fie.2000.897673 · Cited by 17
Qian, J., & Li, X. (2015) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-015-9317-y · Cited by 17
Transformational Leadership and Teacher Engagement in an International Context
Park, C. K., Lim, D. H., & Ju, B. (2016) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-9948-9.ch002 · Cited by 16
Line management involvement in performance appraisal work
Tyskbo, D. (2020) · Employee Relations · doi:10.1108/er-06-2019-0236 · Cited by 26
The Relationship Between Organizational Dehumanization and Family Functioning
Cheung, F. Y.-L. (2023) · Occupational Health Science · doi:10.1007/s41542-023-00157-9 · Cited by 15
Choi, B. K., Moon, H. K., Nae, E. Y., & Ko, W. (2013) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2013.35 · Cited by 16
Chuang, A., Lee, C., & Shen, C. (2014) · Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l Administration · doi:10.1002/cjas.1277 · Cited by 15
Köhler, T., Cortina, J. M., Kurtessis, J. N., & Gölz, M. (2015) · Organizational Research Methods · doi:10.1177/1094428114563617 · Cited by 17
Yu, M., & Choi, J. N. (2021) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/1359432x.2021.1991914 · Cited by 14
The Effect of the OCB Gap on Task Performance with the Moderating Role of Task Interdependence
Yang, Y., & Chae, H. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14010061 · Cited by 17
Chen, H., Yang, Y., Yang, N., Li, G., & Wang, X.-H. F. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05221-9 · Cited by 21
Su, X.-Y., Wang, L., & Zhang, L. (2022) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.11148 · Cited by 14
The effect of employee’s political skill on organizational citizenship behavior
Li, X., & Kong, M. G. (2015) · Nankai Business Review International · doi:10.1108/nbri-01-2015-0001 · Cited by 14
The role of leadership and engagement in call center performance: answering the call in Peru
Shemueli, R. G., de Luque, M. S., & Bahamonde, D. (2020) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-04-2019-0166 · Cited by 20
Leader-member-exchange and the workplace bully
Foster, P. J. (2012) · K-State Research Exchange (Kansas State University) · Cited by 14
Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., & Liu, M. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication · doi:10.1109/tpc.2022.3178201 · Cited by 19
Rivera, M., Jiang, C., & Kumar, S. (2023) · Information systems research · doi:10.1287/isre.2021.0130 · Cited by 10
Examination of a Perceived Cost Model of Employees’ Negative Feedback-Seeking Behavior
Lu, K., Pan, S.-Y., & Cheng, J. (2011) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.2011.613873 · Cited by 13
Attachment anxiety in mentoring: the role of commitment
Poteat, L. F., Shockley, K. M., & Allen, T. D. (2015) · Career Development International · doi:10.1108/cdi-12-2014-0157 · Cited by 13
Understanding organizational change management: the role of micro and macro influences
Harden, E. E., Ford, L. R., Pattie, M. W., & Lanier, P. A. (2020) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-01-2020-0031 · Cited by 22
Bridging the gap between reality and perception
Jiang, K. (2013) · Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) · doi:10.7282/t33f4n6k · Cited by 13
Management controls and team effectiveness: the mediating role of team structural empowerment
Baird, K. M., & Baard, V. C. (2021) · Journal of Management Control · doi:10.1007/s00187-021-00327-2 · Cited by 12
Liang, Q., & Fang, Y. (2024) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su16188057 · Cited by 12
Feedback sought vs feedback given: a tale of two literatures
DeNisi, A. S., & Sockbeson, C. S. (2018) · Management Research The Journal of the Iberoamerican Academy of Management · doi:10.1108/mrjiam-09-2017-0778 · Cited by 12
Shemueli, R. G., & Zaferson, F. A. R. (2021) · Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración · doi:10.1108/arla-12-2020-0255 · Cited by 13
The flexible HRM and firm performance nexus: can empowering leadership play any contingent role?
Pahi, M. H., Ahmed, U., Imroz, S. M., Shah, S. M. M., & Yong, I. S.-C. (2023) · International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management · doi:10.1108/ijppm-06-2021-0360 · Cited by 11
Lee, C., Rhee, S., & Shin, I. (2015) · Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society · doi:10.5762/kais.2015.16.5.3220 · Cited by 11
The emergence of entrepreneurial team as a research field – way forward
Das, W., Das, S., & Chattopadhyay, M. (2021) · Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development · doi:10.1108/jsbed-09-2020-0318 · Cited by 11
Cheng, J., & Lu, K. (2011) · Service Industries Journal · doi:10.1080/02642069.2011.574278 · Cited by 11
Lin, X., & Du, J. (2023) · Chinese Management Studies · doi:10.1108/cms-08-2022-0290 · Cited by 12
Innovating with technology in team contexts: a trait activation theory perspective
Magni, M., Maruping, L. M., Caporarello, L., & Basaglia, S. (2011) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 11
Graen, G. B. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511753763.011 · Cited by 11
Zhen, W. A. N. G., Sun, J., & Yi-Jun, Z. H. A. O. (2013) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2012.00174 · Cited by 11
Nguyen, D. T., Pham, L. N. T., & Vo, A. H. K. (2023) · Public Organization Review · doi:10.1007/s11115-023-00745-x · Cited by 12
Qian, J., Xiao-song, L., & Chen, Z. (2010) · ANU Open Research (Australian National University) · Cited by 10
Self-citationZhang, L., Goldberg, C., & McKay, P. F. (2020) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/joop.12314 · Cited by 13
Su, W., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-03494-0 · Cited by 10
Al‐Atwi, A. A. (2018) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.2261 · Cited by 10
Thompson, J. R., & Siciliano, M. D. (2020) · Public Personnel Management · doi:10.1177/0091026020917710 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Chen, Z., Lam, W., & Zhong, J. A.
- Affiliations
- City University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Psychology
- Published
- 2007
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 202-212
- ISSN
- 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1854
- OpenAlex
- W2021126575
- Cited by
- 380
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 25.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (1432/ 05H)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Employee Performance and Management
- Keywords
- leader-member exchange, subordinate performance, in-role performance, social exchange theory, mediation, moderation
- MeSH terms
- Affect, China, Cooperative Behavior, Employee Performance Appraisal, Feedback, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Leadership, Power, Psychological, Surveys and Questionnaires, Organizational Culture, Workplace
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review