Nicotine delivery kinetics and abuse liability.
Abstract
It is well established that nicotine meets all criteria of a highly addictive drug. However, as recognized by the U.S. surgeon general, the nicotine delivery system itself is an important determinant of the toxic and addictive effects engendered by nicotine use. Therefore, altering the form of nicotine dosing may allow for selective therapeutic action in efforts to develop safer and less addictive nicotine replacement therapies. While it is the case that initial tobacco use often escalates to compulsive use accompanied by tolerance and physical dependence, this is not usually observed with nicotine replacement therapies. These observations are consistent with laboratory data indicating that (a) nicotine polacrilex and transdermal systems deliver nicotine more slowly and at lower dose levels than tobacco-based forms, and (b) human data suggesting that the abuse liability of these systems is substantially lower than that of the tobacco-based nicotine delivery systems. Because the drug dosage form can be systematically manipulated and evaluated, further research in developing alternative nicotine delivery forms may hold substantial promise in the treatment of tobacco dependence. Psychological research methods can play an important part in their evaluation.
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Tobacco products with a greater rate and extent of nicotine delivery are more likely to be used repeatedly.
“tobacco products with a greater rate and extent of nicotine delivery are more likely to be used repeatedly (Henningfield and Keenan 1993).”
From Nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective responses after using nicotine pouches with different nicotine levels compared to combustible cigarettes and moist smokeless tobacco in adult tobacco users (2022) · cites this paper as Henningfield and Keenan 1993
The slower onset of nicotine delivery and lower peak concentration, along with lower ratings of positive subjective effects relative to participants' OBCs and/or OBMST, suggest likely lower reinforcing effects and therefore likely lower abuse potential for the NPs with nicotine levels of 1.5, 2, 3.5, and 4 mg.
“The slower onset of nicotine delivery and lower peak concentration, along with the lower ratings of positive subjective effects relative to participants’ OBCs and/or OBMST, suggests likely lower reinforcing effects (Carter et al. 2009; Henningfield and Keenan 1993), and therefore, likely lower abuse potential for the NPs with nicotine levels of 1.5, 2, 3.5, and 4 mg.”
From Nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective responses after using nicotine pouches with different nicotine levels compared to combustible cigarettes and moist smokeless tobacco in adult tobacco users (2022) · cites this paper as Henningfield and Keenan 1993
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- Authors
- Henningfield, J. E., & Keenan, R. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 1993
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 743-750
- ISSN
- 1939-2117
- 0022-006X
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
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