Cited by 641Eating Disorders and BehaviorsNutrition, Health and Food BehaviorChild Nutrition and Feeding Issues

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Weight concerns influence the development of eating disorders: A 4-year prospective study.

Killen, Joel D., Taylor, C. Barr, Hayward, Chris, Haydel, K. Farish, Wilson, Darrell M., Hammer, Larry, Kraemer, Helena, Blair-Greiner, Anne, Strachowski, Diane·1996·Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-006x.64.5.936

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Abstract

The authors examined factors prospectively associated with age of onset of partial syndrome eating disorders over a 4-year interval in a community sample (N = 877) of high school-age adolescent girls. Four percent developed a partial syndrome eating disorder over the interval. A measure of weight concerns was significantly associated with onset in a multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis (p < .001). Girls scoring in the highest quartile on the measure of weight concerns had the highest incidence (10%) of partial syndrome onset, whereas none of the girls in the lowest quartile developed eating disorder symptoms. This finding is consistent with both theoretical and clinical perspectives and may represent a useful step toward the establishment of a rational basis for the choice of a prevention intervention target.

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Background
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(Artigo 3 publicado v.28 n.2) Ocorrência de anorexia nervosa e distúrbio de imagem corporal em estudantes do ensino médio de uma escola da rede pública da cidade de Maringá, Estado do Paraná
Kaneshima, A. M. D. S., França, A. A., Kneube, D. D. P. F., et al. (2006) · Acta Scientiarum Health Sciences · doi:10.4025/actascihealthsci.v28i2.1065 · Cited by 8
Pediatric Overeating and Obesity: An Epidemic
Miller, J. P., Gold, M. S., & Silverstein, J. H. (2003) · Psychiatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0048-5713-20030201-05 · Cited by 8
Moderators of two dual eating disorder and obesity prevention programs
Stice, E. M., Desjardins, C. D., Shaw, H. E., & Rohde, P. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.04.002 · Cited by 8
“for individuals with elevations in factors that increase risk for future eating disorders, including body dissatisfaction, negative affect, and perceived pressure to be thin (Killen et al., 1996; Stice, Gau, Rohde, & Shaw, 2017; Stice et al., 2013).”
Background
Five Reasons to Distrust the Trust Model
Kirschenbaum, D. S., & Kelly, K. P. (2009) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2009.68 · Cited by 8
“to support the backfiring assertion did not measure change in weight status at all (9,12).”
Background
An Overview of Psychosocial Symptoms in Obese Children
Gibson, L. Y. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-374995-6.10022-2 · Cited by 7
Positive youth development and adolescent eating disorder symptomatology: The role of natural mentors
Stephens, L. E., Bowers, E. P., & Lerner, J. V. (2018) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.21952 · Cited by 7
Weight and Shape Concern Impacts Weight Gain Prevention in the SNAP Trial: Implications for Tailoring Intervention Delivery
Olson, K. L., Neiberg, R. H., Tate, D. F., Garcia, K. R., Gorin, A. A., Lewis, C. E., Unick, J. L., & Wing, R. R. (2018) · Obesity · doi:10.1002/oby.22212 · Cited by 7
“Among adolescents, and especially individuals diagnosed with eating pathology, WSC is considered a robust predictor of maladaptive eating and exercise behaviors implemented in an effort to control body weight (32).”
Background
Effects of internet-delivered eating disorder prevention on reward-based eating drive: A randomized controlled trial
Haderlein, T. P., & Tomiyama, A. J. (2021) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101572 · Cited by 7
“As research indicates that ED prevention is most effective for high-risk samples, participants were eligible if they scored ≥ 34 on the Weight Concerns Scale (Killen et al., 1996).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Exploring the possibility of parents’ broad internalizing phenotype acting through passive gene–environment correlations on daughters’ disordered eating
O’Connor, S. M., Mikhail, M. E., Anaya, C., Haller, L. L., Burt, S. A., McGue, M. K., Iacono, W. G., & Klump, K. L. (2022) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579422000608 · Cited by 7
“…development of clinical pathology (e.g., Bardone-Cone et al., 2006; Boone et al., 2014; Bulik et al., 1997; Culbert et al., 2015; Davis & Fischer, 2013; Deep et al., 1995; Garcia et al., 2020; Killen et al., 1996; Leon et al., 1999; Stice, 2002; Stice, 2016 Tyrka et al., 2002; Vohs et al., 1999).”
BackgroundInfluential
Spousal influence: A study of women with eating and body image concerns
Birmingham, W. C., Cavallini, A. Q., & Sgro, J. (2019) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105319873946 · Cited by 7
“…behavior or body shape/weight concerns that do not meet criteria for an ED diagnosis (Isomaa et al., 2009; Saekow et al., 2015) have been associated with an increased risk of eventually meeting ED criteria (Jacobi et al., 2011; Killen et al., 1996; Patton et al., 1999; Taylor et al., 2003).”
Background
Reexamining the restraint pathway as a conditional process among adolescent girls: When does dieting link body dissatisfaction to bulimia?
Morrissey, R. A., Gondoli, D. M., & Corning, A. F. (2019) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579419001287 · Cited by 9
“Furthermore, in large community samples of middle- and high school girls, interoceptive deficits predicted onset of bulimia over one-year (Leon, Fulkerson, Perry, & Early-Zald, 1995) and four-year intervals (Killen et al., 1996).”
Background
Are all models susceptible to dysfunctional cognitions about eating and body image? The moderating role of personality styles
Blasczyk-Schiep, S., Sokoła, K. F., Fila-Witecka, K., et al. (2015) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-015-0228-6 · Cited by 6
“Various studies have established the importance of the part a distorted body image plays in the development [22] as well as the maintenance of eating disorders.”
Background
Ernährungsmanagement versus Body-Image-Therapie bei Anorexia nervosa
Böse, R. (2007) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000099305 · Cited by 6
“Prospektive Längsschnittsstudien [Cattarin und Thompson, 1994; Killen et al., 1996; Stice und Agras, 1998; Stice et al., 1998] weisen jedoch darauf hin, dass Body-Image-Probleme die bedeutsamsten und konsistentesten Prädiktoren für die Entstehung von Essstörungssymptomen sind.”
Background
Association Splitting: feasibility study of a novel technique to reduce weight and shape concerns
Musiat, P., Moritz, S., Jacobi, C., & Schmidt, U. H. (2014) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-014-0109-4 · Cited by 6
“82, respectively [26]) and can be used for screening purposes [9, 25].”
Background
An investigation of the affective experience of females at high risk for eating disorders in general and pathology-specific contexts
Koushiou, M., Merwin, R. M., Anderson, D. A., & Karekla, M. (2019) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2019.05.037 · Cited by 6
Anorexia nervosa
Zeeck, A., Cuntz, U., Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., Ehrlich, S., Friederich, H., Resmark, G., Hagenah, U., Haas, V. K., Hartmann, A., Greetfeld, M., et al. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-59606-7_4 · Cited by 10
Risk Factors for the Development of Bulimic Symptoms in High School Girls: A One-Year Longitudinal Study
Womble, L. G., Williamson, D. A., Netemeyer, S. B., et al. (1998) · Journal of Gender Culture and Health · doi:10.1023/a:1023274413900 · Cited by 6
Reciprocal longitudinal relations between weight/shape concern and comorbid pathology among women at very high risk for eating disorder onset
Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Eichen, D. M., Kass, A. E., Trockel, M., Crosby, R. D., Taylor, C. B., & Wilfley, D. E. (2017) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-017-0469-7 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Essstörungen und Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Tuschen‐Caffier, B. (2005) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403.14.4.201 · Cited by 6
A randomized controlled feasibility trial of a single-session metacognitive training intervention for reducing eating disorder risk factors
Thompson, M., Wade, T. D., & Balzan, R. P. (2025) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2025.2474237 · Cited by 5
“The WCS is a self-report measure consisting of five items assessing worry about weight and shape, dieting behaviours and their own perception of their weight (Killen et al., 1994, 1996).”
College Students' Satisfaction and Involvement with the Recreation Center Based on Perceived Service Quality: The Moderating Effects of Health and Weight Consciousness
Suttikun, C., & Chang, H. J. (2016) · Recreational Sports Journal · doi:10.1123/rsj.2015-0046 · Cited by 5
“However, young adults prefer to have a lower weight and a thin body shape (Killen et al., 1996).”
Background
Characterizing fear of weight gain and sensitivity to weight gain in individuals seeking weight loss treatment
Bullock, A. J., Barber, J. A., & Barnes, R. D. (2020) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-020-00862-2 · Cited by 5
Relation of dieting to eating pathology
Stice, E. M., Burton, E. M., Lowe, M. R., & Butryn, M. L. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511543890.004 · Cited by 5
Using youth-engaged research methods to develop a measure of disordered eating in transgender, non-binary, and gender-diverse youth: Research protocol
Pham, A., Webster, Z., Jackson, M.-I., Bean, M. K., Thomson, M. D., Mazzeo, S. E., & Ahrens, K. R. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0313908 · Cited by 4
Weight Concerns in Black Youth: The Role of Body Mass Index, Gender, and Sociocultural Factors
Lisse, A. A., Hochgraf, A. K., & McHale, S. M. (2021) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12692 · Cited by 4
Dietary Behaviors and Oral-Systemic Health in Women
Kim, J., DeBate, R. D., & Daley, E. M. (2013) · Dental Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cden.2013.01.004 · Cited by 5
Autopercepción del peso a través de figuras corporales en niños en edad escolar de Piedras Negras, Coahuila, México
Uribe-Salas, F. J., Portillo-Téllez, M. D. C., Parra-Ávila, J., et al. (2018) · Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México · doi:10.24875/bmhim.18000041 · Cited by 4
Is There a Role for Primary Care Physicians' Screening of Excessive Weight and Eating Concerns in Adolescence?
Weber, C. C., Haller, D. M., & Narring, F. (2010) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.01.030 · Cited by 4
“Weight concerns and the use of dieting methods may be important precipitating factors in the pathogenesis of eating disorders.(14,15) As a consequence, excessive weight and eating concerns (EWEC) should be diagnosed early and treated accordingly.”
Background
Elterlicher Alkoholmissbrauch
Baltruschat, N., Geissner, E., & Klein, M. C. (2005) · Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie · doi:10.1026/0943-8149.13.2.58 · Cited by 4

Authors: Killen, J. D., Taylor, C. B., Hayward, C., Haydel, K. F., Wilson, D. M., Hammer, L., Kraemer, H., Blair-Greiner, A., & Strachowski, D.
Affiliations: Stanford Medicine (US)
ORCID: Taylor, C. Barr
Haydel, K. Farish
Venue: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1996-10
Volume: 64
Issue: 5
Pages: 936-940
ISSN: 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
1939-2117
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.64.5.936
OpenAlex: W1998536100
Cited by: 641
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 26
FWCI: 9.49
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01hd024240-03)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD24240-01)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
Keywords: eating disorders, weight concern, age of onset, adolescent girls, high school students, eating disorder prevention, risk factors
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Anorexia Nervosa, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Body Image, Body Weight, Bulimia, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Personality Inventory, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors

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Weight concerns influence the development of eating disorders: A 4-year prospective study.

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