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Weight concerns influence the development of eating disorders: A 4-year prospective study.
Abstract
The authors examined factors prospectively associated with age of onset of partial syndrome eating disorders over a 4-year interval in a community sample (N = 877) of high school-age adolescent girls. Four percent developed a partial syndrome eating disorder over the interval. A measure of weight concerns was significantly associated with onset in a multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis (p < .001). Girls scoring in the highest quartile on the measure of weight concerns had the highest incidence (10%) of partial syndrome onset, whereas none of the girls in the lowest quartile developed eating disorder symptoms. This finding is consistent with both theoretical and clinical perspectives and may represent a useful step toward the establishment of a rational basis for the choice of a prevention intervention target.
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In the citing paper
“Previous studies have shown that 10% of girls in the highest quartile of the WCS (> 57) develop subclinical or full eating disorders [40, 41].”
In the citing paper
“The questionnaire demonstrates good test–retest reliability and predictive validity [40, 41].”
In the citing paper
“Consistent with dietary restraint theory, females with high versus low scores on dietary restraint scales are at greater risk for future onset of binge eating, bulimic symptoms, and bulimia nervosa”
From Caloric deprivation increases responsivity of attention and reward brain regions to intake, anticipated intake, and images of palatable foods (2013) · cites this paper as Killen et al., 1996
In the citing paper
“Results dovetail with prior evidence that body dissatisfaction increases risk for BN (Killen et al., 1996)”
From Interactions between risk factors in the prediction of onset of eating disorders: Exploratory hypothesis generating analyses (2018) · cites this paper as Killen et al., 1996
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Items 101–200 of 493
Does internet-based prevention reduce the risk of relapse for anorexia nervosa?
Fichter, M. M., Quadflieg, N., Nisslmüller, K., Lindner, S., Osen, B., Huber, T., & Wünsch‐Leiteritz, W. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.003 · Cited by 117
Musaiger, A. O., Al-Mannai, M. A., Tayyem, R., Al-Lalla, O., Ali, E. Y. A., Kalam, F., Benhamed, M. M., Saghir, S., Halahleh, I., Djoudi, Z., et al. (2012) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.10.012 · Cited by 114
Field, A. E., Taylor, C. B., Celio, A. A., & Colditz, G. A. (2003) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10220 · Cited by 114
Self-citationHaines, J., Neumark‐Sztainer, D., Perry, C. L., Hannan, P. J., & Levine, M. P. (2006) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyl123 · Cited by 114
“Retrospective [2], cross-sectional [3, 4] and prospective studies [5] have found that being teased about weight is associated with body dissatisfaction, an established risk factor for eating disorders [6–8].”
BackgroundDifferent Facets of Body Image Disturbance in Binge Eating Disorder: A Review
Lewer, M., Bauer, A., Hartmann, A. S., & Vocks, S. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9121294 · Cited by 114
Twenty‐year follow‐up of bulimia nervosa and related eating disorders not otherwise specified
Keel, P. K., Gravener, J. A., Joiner, T. E., & Haedt, A. A. (2009) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20743 · Cited by 113
The eating disorder examination: Norms and construct validity with young and middle adolescent girls
Wade, T. D., Byrne, S. M., & Bryant‐Waugh, R. (2008) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20526 · Cited by 113
Ali, K., Fassnacht, D. B., Farrer, L. M., Rieger, E., Feldhege, J., Moessner, M., Griffiths, K. M., & Bauer, S. (2020) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23266 · Cited by 117
Bardone‐Cone, A. M., Abramson, L. Y., Vohs, K. D., Heatherton, T. F., & Joiner, T. E. (2005) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2004.09.009 · Cited by 111
“Regarding the importance of body dissatisfaction, two separate longitudinal studies (Killen et al., 1994, 1996) demonstrated a prospective link between weight/shape concerns and eating disorder symptoms.”
BackgroundStice, E. M., Presnell, K. E., Groesz, L. M., & Shaw, H. E. (2005) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.24.4.402 · Cited by 114
Predictors of body image dissatisfaction in elementary-age school girls
Wal, J. S. V., & Thelen, M. H. (2000) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s1471-0153(00)00011-8 · Cited by 107
Interpersonal influences on late adolescent girls' and boys' disordered eating
Shomaker, L. B., & Furman, W. C. (2009) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2009.02.003 · Cited by 107
From Homeostatic to Hedonic Theories of Eating: Self‐Regulatory Failure in Food‐Rich Environments
Stroebe, W., Papies, E. K., & Aarts, H. (2008) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00360.x · Cited by 103
Dialectical Behavior Therapy of Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa Among Adolescents: A Case Series
Salbach‐Andrae, H., Bohnekamp, I., Pfeiffer, E. F., Lehmkuhl, U., & Miller, A. L. (2008) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.04.001 · Cited by 100
“In addition to disturbed eating behavior, negative body image is a central feature in AN and BN and seems to play an important role in the development (Killen et al., 1996), maintenance (Fairburn et al.”
BackgroundSelective Visual Attention during Mirror Exposure in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa
Tuschen‐Caffier, B., Bender, C., Caffier, D., Klenner, K., Braks, K., & Svaldi, J. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145886 · Cited by 110
Participation in aesthetic sports and girls' weight concerns at ages 5 and 7 years
Davison, K. K., Earnest, M. B., & Birch, L. L. (2002) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10043 · Cited by 100
“Findings from this study are of concern because the girls were only 5 and 7 years old and because weight concerns have been linked to unhealthy weight loss behaviors and subclinical eating disorders (Killen et al., 1996).”
BackgroundEvaluation of a healthy-weight treatment program for bulimia nervosa: A preliminary randomized trial
Burton, E. M., & Stice, E. M. (2006) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2005.12.008 · Cited by 101
“Longitudinal research suggests that dieting is a potent risk factor for the development of bulimic symptoms and subthreshold/threshold bulimia nervosa (Field et al, 1999; Killen et al., 1994; Killen et al., 1996; Stice, 2001; Stice & Agras, 1998; Stice et al., 2002).”
InfluentialFan, Y., Li, Y., Liu, A., Hu, X., Ma, G., & Xu, G. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-314 · Cited by 100
“Longitudinal studies have found that weight and shape concern and weight control behaviors are potent predictors for future onset of full- and sub-threshold anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa[ 17-20 ].”
Taylor, C. B., Bryson, S. W., Doyle, A. C., Luce, K. H., Cunning, D., Abascal, L. B., Rockwell, R. E., Field, A. E., Striegel‐Moore, R. H., Winzelberg, A. J., et al. (2006) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2005-1806 · Cited by 97
Self-citationStice, E., & Desjardins, C. D. (2018) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.03.005 · Cited by 98
Graff Low, K., Charanasomboon, S., Lesser, J., Reinhalter, K., Martin, R., Jones, H., Winzelberg, A., Abascal, L., & Taylor, C. B. (2006) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640260500403816 · Cited by 96
“E-mail: klow@bates.edu Weight and body image concerns are endemic in college women, and have been linked to subclinical and clinical eating disorders (Killen et al., 1996).”
BackgroundSelf-citationTalamayan, K. S., Springer, A. E., Kelder, S. H., Gorospe, E. C., & Joye, K. A. (2006) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1100/tsw.2006.70 · Cited by 94
“Unhealthy outcomes include the development of eating disorders[7,8], stress[9], other mental health problems, and impairment of cognitive abilities[10,11].”
BackgroundThe Trust Model: A Different Feeding Paradigm for Managing Childhood Obesity
Eneli, I., Crum, P., & Tylka, T. L. (2008) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2008.378 · Cited by 94
A screening tool for detecting eating disorder risk and diagnostic symptoms among college-age women
Graham, A. K., Trockel, M., Weisman, H. L., Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Balantekin, K. N., Wilfley, D. E., & Taylor, C. B. (2018) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1483936 · Cited by 92
“During this in-person assessment, participants completed a semistructured clinical interview [(ie, the Eating Disorder Examination 14th Edition Diagnostic Version (EDE)](32,33) and self-report questionnaires, including the Weight Concerns Scale (WCS).(20,34)”
MethodSelf-citationSim, L. A., & Zeman, J. L. (2005) · The Journal of Early Adolescence · doi:10.1177/0272431605279838 · Cited by 104
“In addition, negative emotionality has failed to predict disordered eating when other variables such as weight and shape concerns are included in multivariate analyses (Killen et al., 1996).”
BackgroundInfluentialTremblay, L., & Larivière, M. A. S. (2008) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2008.12.001 · Cited by 104
Are We Asking the Right Questions? A Review of Assessment of Males With Eating Disorders
Darcy, A. M., & Lin, I. H.-J. (2012) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640266.2012.715521 · Cited by 92
Changes in eating disorder symptoms with pediatric obesity treatment
Epstein, L. H., Paluch, R. A., Saelens, B. E., Ernst, M. M., & Wilfley, D. E. (2001) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1067/mpd.2001.115022 · Cited by 93
Yılmaz, Z., Gottfredson, N. C., Zerwas, S. C., Bulik, C. M., & Micali, N. (2018) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2018.11.008 · Cited by 99
Allen, K. L., Byrne, S. M., Forbes, D., & Oddy, W. H. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181a8136d · Cited by 89
Psychosocial and Physical Impairment in Overweight Adolescents at High Risk for Eating Disorders
Doyle, A. C., Grange, D. L., Goldschmidt, A. B., & Wilfley, D. E. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.515 · Cited by 88
“Higher ratings on similar measures of weight and shape concerns have been prospectively linked to the development of ED (59).”
BackgroundStice, E. M., Butryn, M. L., Rohde, P., Shaw, H. E., & Marti, C. N. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.10.003 · Cited by 101
“This intervention targets young womenwith body dissatisfaction because it is an established risk factor for future eating pathology (e.g., Johnson & Wardle, 2005; Killen et al., 1996).”
BackgroundHalliwell, E., Dittmar, H., & Howe, J. (2005) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.831 · Cited by 99
Mussell (2000) · doi:10.1177/0011000000286002 · Cited by 88
“Consequently, the authors raised questions about the utility of large-scale eating disorder prevention programs (Killen et al., 1996).”
BackgroundInfluentialEffectiveness of a chatbot for eating disorders prevention: A randomized clinical trial
Fitzsimmons‐Craft, E. E., Chan, W. W. ‐., Smith, A. C., Firebaugh, M., Fowler, L. A., Topooco, N., DePietro, B., Wilfley, D. E., Taylor, C. B., & Jacobson, N. C. (2021) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.23662 · Cited by 94
“The Stanford-Washington University ED screen (SWED) was used to determine ED diagnostic or risk status (Graham et al., 2019) and questions from the Weight Concerns Scale (WCS) were included (Killen et al., 1994; Killen et al., 1996).”
MethodSelf-citationChildhood Risk Factors for Thin Body Preoccupation and Social Pressure to Be Thin
Agras, W. S., Bryson, S. W., Hammer, L. D., & KRAEMER, H. C. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31802bd997 · Cited by 87
Self-citationMaintenance of internet‐based prevention: A randomized controlled trial
Jacobi, C., Morris, L., Beckers, C., Bronisch‐Holtze, J., Winter, J., Winzelberg, A. J., & Taylor, C. B. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20344 · Cited by 87
Self-citationAlpaslan, A. H., Koçak, U., Avci, K., & Uzel Taş, H. (2015) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/s40519-015-0197-9 · Cited by 87
“Several studies suggest a positive association between obesity and disordered eating among adolescents and young women [16–18].”
BackgroundMcClelland, J., Robinson, L., Potterton, R., Mountford, V. A., & Schmidt, U. H. (2020) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.55 · Cited by 87
“Fewer studies report the presence of other psychiatric disorder-related symptoms, such as alcohol use and nonsuicidal self-injury prior to EDs [46,61].”
BackgroundJackson, T., & Chen, H. (2007) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.09.010 · Cited by 89
“This potential cultural difference suggests links between body dissatisfaction and eating pathology may not be mediated by overt negative affect among the Chinese compared to some Western samples [21,40,41].”
BackgroundResultLuethcke, C. A., McDaniel, L., & Becker, C. B. (2011) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.03.006 · Cited by 84
“…from other psychological disorders that occasionally involve abnormal eating or weight loss (Rosen, 1990), and it plays a central role in the onset (Killen et al., 1996; Stice, 2002), maintenance (Fairburn et al., 2003; Stice, 2002), and relapse of eating disorders (Fairburn, Peveler, Jones, Hope…”
BackgroundTodd, J., Aspell, J. E., Barron, D. S., & Swami, V. (2019) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.02.003 · Cited by 87
Acculturation and Eating Disorder Symptoms in Adolescent Girls
Gowen, L. K., Hayward, C., Killen, J. D., Robinson, T. N., & Taylor, C. B. (1999) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1207/s15327795jra0901_4 · Cited by 88
Self-citationLipson, S. K., Jones, J. M., Taylor, C. B., Wilfley, D. E., Eichen, D. M., Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., & Eisenberg, D. (2017) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.03.020 · Cited by 83
“A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis found that using a WCS cut-off point of 59, sensitivity and specificity for DSM-5 diagnoses were as follows: anorexia nervosa (0.90, 0.99), bulimia nervosa (0.82, 0.88), binge eating disorder (0.78, 0.82), subthreshold bulimia nervosa (0.68, 0.84), subthreshold binge…”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationWeight concerns, body image, depression and anxiety in Swedish adolescents
Ivarsson, T., Svalander, P., Litlere, O., & Nevonen, L. (2005) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2005.08.005 · Cited by 85
Future Directions in Etiologic, Prevention, and Treatment Research for Eating Disorders
Stice, E. M., South, K., & Shaw, H. E. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2012.728156 · Cited by 81
“…in inhibitory control increase risk for future onset of clinically significant eating disorders (e.g., Fairburn, Cooper, Doll, & Davies, 2005; Killen et al., 1996; McKnight Investigators, 2003; Patton, Selzer, Coffey, Carlin, & Wolfe, 1999; Santonastaso, Friederici, & Favaro, 1999; Stice,…”
Interoceptive sensitivity, body weight and eating behavior in children: a prospective study
Koch, A., & Pollatos, O. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01003 · Cited by 81
“In other studies that considered a multivariate model, IA was not predictive for eating disorder symptoms in the total sample of adolescents (Killen et al., 1994, 1996; Leon et al., 1999) but univariate differences were found by comparing eating disorder symptomatic and asymptomatic groups (Killen…”
BackgroundInfluentialMay, A. L., Kim, J., McHale, S. M., & Crouter, A. C. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20285 · Cited by 82
Smolak, L., & Levine, M. P. (2001) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/106402601753454886 · Cited by 80
“This scale also was developed for the MRFS (Shisslak et al., 1999) and is derived from the Weight Concerns scale devised by Killen et al. (1996).”
MethodThome, J. L., & Espelage, D. L. (2006) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.11.009 · Cited by 80
Mogg (2016) · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.004 · Cited by 80
Homan, K. J., & Boyatzis, C. J. (2010) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640261003719534 · Cited by 78
“Both self-reported dieting and negative affect have been prospectively linked to eating pathology in longitudinal studies (Killen et al., 1996; Stice & Agras, 1998).”
BackgroundEngel, M. M., & Keizer, A. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16362-w · Cited by 81
Graziano, P. A., Kelleher, R., Calkins, S. D., Keane, S. P., & Brien, M. O. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2012.165 · Cited by 77
Vogeltanz‐Holm, N. D., Wonderlich, S. A., Lewis, B. A., Wilsnack, S. C., Harris, T. R., Wilsnack, R. W., & Kristjanson, A. F. (2000) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(00)80013-1 · Cited by 75
“weight concerns in the onset and maintenance of eating disorders; these behaviors have been consistently linked to eating disorders (Fairburn, Marcus, & Wilson, 1993; Heatherton & Polivy, 1992; Killen et al., 1996; Pyle et al., 1990).”
BackgroundBardone‐Cone, A. M., Vohs, K. D., Abramson, L. Y., Heatherton, T. F., & Joiner, T. E. (2000) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(00)80015-5 · Cited by 76
Psychiatric co-morbidity in women presenting across the continuum of disordered eating
Aspen, V., Weisman, H. L., Vannucci, A., Nafiz, N., Gredysa, D. M., Kass, A. E., Trockel, M., Jacobi, C., Wilfley, D. E., & Taylor, C. B. (2014) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2014.08.023 · Cited by 77
“The WCS has demonstrated good predictive validity and test-retest reliability (Killen et al., 1996; Killen et al., 1994).”
BackgroundSelf-citationShaw, H. E., Stice, E. M., & Springer, D. W. (2004) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20016 · Cited by 77
The relationship of weight suppression and dietary restraint to binge eating in bulimia nervosa
Lowe, M. R., Thomas, J. G., Safer, D. L., & Butryn, M. L. (2007) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20405 · Cited by 75
Adolescents and Eating Disorders:
Walcott, D. D., Pratt, H. D., & Patel, D. R. (2003) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/0743558403018003003 · Cited by 75
“Killen et al. (1996) found that during a 4-year period, girls with high scores on a measure of weight concerns were more likely to develop partial syndrome eating disorders.”
BackgroundYoon, C., Mason, S. M., Hooper, L., Eisenberg, M. E., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.08.012 · Cited by 70
“These included: (1) high importance placed on weight and shape; (2) extreme unhealthy weight control behaviors; (3) frequent dieting; and (4) episodic overeating.”
BackgroundBody Type Preferences in Asian and Caucasian College Students
Barnett, H. L., Keel, P. K., & Conoscenti, L. M. (2001) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1023/a:1015600705749 · Cited by 72
“Although male and female students have been the modal subject population in studies of body type preference (Cohn et al., 1987; Huon et al., 1990; Fallon & Rozin, 1985; Rozin & Fallon, 1988; Tiggemann & Pennington, 1990), our results suggest that findings for the total group obscure differences within ethnic subgroups.”
ResultRelation of dietary restraint scores to cognitive biases and reward sensitivity
Ahern, A. L., Field, M., Yokum, S., Bohon, C., & Stice, E. M. (2010) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.04.001 · Cited by 72
“…scores on dietary restraint scales, relative to those with lower scores, are at increased risk for future onset of binge eating, bulimic pathology, and increases in bulimic symptoms (Field et al., 1999; Johnson & Wardle, 2005; Killen et al., 1996; Neumark-Sztainer et al., 2006; Stice, 2001).”
BackgroundKass, A. E., Trockel, M., Safer, D. L., Sinton, M. M., Cunning, D., Rizk, M. T., Genkin, B. H., Weisman, H. L., Bailey, J. O., Jacobi, C., et al. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.09.010 · Cited by 71
“Weight and Shape Concerns Scale (WCS)—The WCS is a 5-item questionnaire that assesses disordered eating attitudes (Killen et al., 1996; Killen et al., 1994).”
Self-citationThe McKnight Investigators (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.2.248 · Cited by 71
Taylor, C. B., Kass, A. E., Trockel, M., Cunning, D., Weisman, H., Bailey, J., Sinton, M., Aspen, V., Schecthman, K., Jacobi, C., et al. (2016) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000077 · Cited by 70
“…were potentially eligible to enroll in the study if they endorsed high weight/shape concerns (defined as scoring 47 on the WCS; Jacobi et al., 2004; Killen et al., 1996) and endorsed at least one of three risk factors: history of critical comments/teasing about eating from a teacher, coach, or…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationStice, E. M., Rohde, P., Durant, S., Shaw, H. E., & Wade, E. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.01.004 · Cited by 71
“…tend to produce larger effects than those offered universally (Stice, Shaw, & Marti, 2007) and because young women with body image concerns are at elevated risk for future escalation of eating disorder symptoms and onset of eating disorders (e.g., Johnson & Wardle, 2005; Killen et al., 1996).”
BackgroundEnhanced cortical processing of cardio-afferent signals in anorexia nervosa
Lutz, A., Schulz, A., Voderholzer, U., Koch, S., Dyck, Z. V., & Vögele, C. (2019) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2019.06.009 · Cited by 69
Jones, M., Taylor, K. L., Kass, A. E., Burrows, A., Williams, J. W., Wilfley, D. E., & Taylor, C. B. (2014) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.2995 · Cited by 70
“BMI body mass index CDC Centers for Disease Control CES-D Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale EDI Eating Disorders Inventory HH healthy habits HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 WCS Weight Concerns Scale WM weight management YRBS CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey zBMI standard…”
Self-citationLilenfeld, L. (2010) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2010_86 · Cited by 69
“While certainly not specific to EDs, neuroticism or negative emotionality has emerged as a likely risk factor (Bulik et al. 2006; Cervera et al. 2003; Ghaderi and Scott 2000; Killen et al. 1996; Stice 2002; Lilenfeld et al. 2006).”
BackgroundTodd, J., Aspell, J. E., Barron, D., & Swami, V. (2019) · Body Image · doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.10.004 · Cited by 65
Is he a healthy weight? Exposure to obesity changes perception of the weight status of others
Robinson, E., & Kirkham, T. C. (2013) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2013.154 · Cited by 80
Vocks, S., Legenbauer, T., & Heil, A. (2007) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.006 · Cited by 75
Conceptualising Binge Eating: A Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature
Burton, A. L., & Abbott, M. J. (2017) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2017.12 · Cited by 68
“Evidence that supports dietary restraint theory comes from prospective studies showing self-reported dieting could reliably predict future onset of binge eating in both non-clinical samples (Stice & Agras, 1998; Stice, Killen, Hayward, & Taylor, 1998; Stice, Presnell, & Spangler, 2002) and samples of eating-disorder p…”
BackgroundThe cognitive‐behavioral model of bulimia nervosa: A direct evaluation
Byrne, S. M., & McLean, N. J. (2001) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.10002 · Cited by 66
Childhood Sexual Abuse, Disordered Eating, Alexithymia, and General Distress: A Mediation Model.
Hund, A. R., & Espelage, D. L. (2005) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.52.4.559 · Cited by 67
“Additionally, a considerable amount of literature has supported the idea that body dissatisfaction and dieting precede the onset of bulimia (Attie & Brooks-Gunn, 1989; Jacobi et al., 2004; Killen et al., 1996; Leon et al., 1995; Stice et al., 1998a).”
BackgroundThe Role of Appearance Schematicity in the Development of Adolescent Body Dissatisfaction
Hargreaves, D. A., & Tiggemann, M. (2002) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1021248214548 · Cited by 67
Levinson, C. A., Vanzhula, I. A., & Christian, C. (2019) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.101320 · Cited by 63
Relationship between depression and body dissatisfaction in women diagnosed with bulimia nervosa
Keel, P. K., Mitchell, J. E., Davis, T. L., & Crow, S. J. (2001) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.1053 · Cited by 65
“This model fits multivariate analyses presented by Killen et al. (1996) in which body dissatisfaction more than negative affect predicted the onset of bulimic syndromes in adolescent girls.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSaekow, J., Jones, M., Gibbs, E., Jacobi, C., Fitzsimmons-Craft, E. E., Wilfley, D., & Barr Taylor, C. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.10.004 · Cited by 63
“These risk factors have been shown to predict future eating pathology (Field et al., 1999; Killen et al., 1996; Stice, 2001; Wertheim et al., 2001; Wichstrøm, 2000) and, if present, should be concurrently addressed in preventive interventions.”
BackgroundSelf-citationOverview of Treatment Modalities in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa
Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., & Salbach‐Andrae, H. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.chc.2008.07.010 · Cited by 67
Larson, N., Loth, K. A., Eisenberg, M. E., Hazzard, V. M., & Neumark‐Sztainer, D. (2021) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101535 · Cited by 64
Johnson, J. G., Cohen, P. R., Kasen, S., & Brook, J. S. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20223 · Cited by 61
Body‐weight perception and related preoccupations in a large national sample of adolescents
Deschamps, V., Salanave, B., Chan‐Chee, C., Vernay, M., & Castetbon, K. (2014) · Pediatric Obesity · doi:10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00211.x · Cited by 61
“Among normal BW, associations between misperception and dieting and compulsive over-eating might be supported by restraint theory (5,21).”
BackgroundPennesi, J., & Wade, T. D. (2018) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.22849 · Cited by 59
Burton, E. M., Stice, E. M., Bearman, S. K., & Rohde, P. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20292 · Cited by 62
“In support of this theory, depressive symptoms and negative affect have been found to predict future increases in bulimic symptoms (3-4), as well as onset of binge eating (5), bulimic pathology (6-8), and general eating pathology (9).”
BackgroundResultPredicting Children's Reported Eating Disturbances at 8 Years of Age
Jacobi, C., Agras, W. S., & Hammer, L. D. (2001) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-200103000-00017 · Cited by 60
Self-citationTabri, N., Murray, H. B., Thomas, J. J., Franko, D. L., Herzog, D. B., & Eddy, K. T. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715000896 · Cited by 59
“Indeed, overvaluation and shape/weight concerns – including feelings of fatness and fat phobia – have each been identified as risk factors for eating disorder onset in children and adolescents (Gowers & Shore, 2001), and were conflated in prior research on adolescents (Killen et al. 1994, 1996).”
ResultReliability of self-report: paper versus online administration
Luce, K. H., Winzelberg, A. J., Das, S., Osborne, M. I., Bryson, S. W., & Taylor, C. B. (2005) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2004.12.008 · Cited by 59
Self-citationThe prevention of eating disorders: Empirical, methodological, and conceptual considerations.
Franko, D. L., & Orosan-Weine, P. (1998) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00167.x · Cited by 58
Spirituality among young women at risk for eating disorders
Jacobs-Pilipski, M. J., Winzelberg, A. J., Wilfley, D. E., Bryson, S. W., & Taylor, C. B. (2005) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2005.03.003 · Cited by 58
Self-citationMatsangidou, M., Otkhmezuri, B., Ang, C. S., Avraamides, M. N., Riva, G., Gaggioli, A., Iosif, D., & Karekla, M. (2020) · Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/07370024.2020.1788945 · Cited by 66
“Previous studies (e.g., Killen et al., 1996) reported adequate reliability (Cronbach’s alpha > .7).”
BackgroundStice, E. M., & Fairburn, C. G. (2003) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.71.6.1090 · Cited by 55
“Negative affect predicted onset of subdiagnostic bulimic symptoms (Killen et al., 1996; Stice & Agras, 1998) and persistence of diagnostic bulimic symptoms (Fairburn et al.”
BackgroundResultValidierung einer deutschsprachigen Version des Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire BIAQ
Legenbauer, T., Vocks, S., & Schütt‐Strömel, S. (2007) · Diagnostica · doi:10.1026/0012-1924.53.4.218 · Cited by 59
Cummins, L. H., & Lehman, J. D. (2007) · Eating Disorders · doi:10.1080/10640260701323474 · Cited by 60
“It has been identified as an important risk factor for eating disturbances (Stice, 2001), and numerous studies have implicated negative body image in the development of disordered eating (Herzog, Hopkins, & Burns, 1993; Killen et al., 1996; Striegel-Moore, Silberstein, Frensch, & Rodin, 1989).”
BackgroundBryant‐Waugh, R., & Watkins, B. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118381953.ch71 · Cited by 57
Body image of adolescents in a multi-ethnic Caribbean population
SIMEON, D. T., Rattan, R. D., Panchoo, K., et al. (2003) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601515 · Cited by 54
“This is not surprising, given its association with eating disorders and other psychiatric problems such as depression (Killen et al, 1996; Taylor et al, 1998; Stice et al, 2000).”
BackgroundPsychological Factors Predict Eating Disorder Onset and Maintenance at 10‐year Follow‐up
Holland, L. A., Bodell, L. P., & Keel, P. K. (2013) · European Eating Disorders Review · doi:10.1002/erv.2241 · Cited by 62
“Finally, duration between baseline and follow-up assessment was 10 years, advancing prior studies of changes over adolescence (Killen et al., 1996; Leon, Fulkerson, Perry, Keel, & Klump, 1999; van der Ham et al., 1998; Vohs et al., 1999) to examine the predictive utility of personality variables…”
BackgroundBody Dissatisfaction and Physical Development Among Ethnic Minority Adolescents
Nishina, A., Ammon, N. Y., Bellmore, A. D., & Graham, S. (2006) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-005-9012-7 · Cited by 60
Vannucci, A., Kass, A. E., Sinton, M. M., Aspen, V., Weisman, H. L., Bailey, J. O., Wilfley, D. E., & Taylor, C. B. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.02.009 · Cited by 51
““High risk” status was defined as scoring 47 or higher on the Weight Concerns Scale (Killen et al., 1996), reporting being very afraid or terrified of gaining 3 pounds, or reporting that weight was more important than most things or the most important thing in the individual’s life (Jacobi,…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Killen, J. D., Taylor, C. B., Hayward, C., Haydel, K. F., Wilson, D. M., Hammer, L., Kraemer, H., Blair-Greiner, A., & Strachowski, D.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
- Published
- 1996-10
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 936-940
- ISSN
- 0022-006X (ISSN-L)
- 1939-2117
- OpenAlex
- W1998536100
- Cited by
- 641
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 9.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hd024240-03)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01 HD24240-01)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- eating disorders, weight concern, age of onset, adolescent girls, high school students, eating disorder prevention, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anorexia Nervosa, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Body Image, Body Weight, Bulimia, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Personality Inventory, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors
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