The Development of the Person: Social Understanding, Relationships, Conscience, Self
Abstract
The development of social understanding, relationships, self, and conscience constitute the most important ways that early developing individuality intersects with the social world. These topics have also received the most concerted research attention by students of early development. This chapter summarizes research on these achievements, emphasizing: (1) the relational context in which early social and personality development unfolds, (2) psychological growth arises from the shared activity of children with others, from which developing persons appropriate new skills and understanding, and (3) thinking and understanding in early childhood is a critical foundation for what follows in later years.
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Young Children's Theory of Mind and Emotion
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The Legacy of Early Attachments
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Self-citationAttachment relationships in the context of multiple caregivers.
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Self-Evaluation in Young Children
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Learning to Talk about Emotions: A Functionalist Perspective
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Infants of Depressed Mothers Show "Depressed" Behavior Even with Nondepressed Adults
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Infants' Reliance on a Social Criterion for Establishing Word-Object Relations
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EMOTIONS AS BEHAVIOR REGULATORS: SOCIAL REFERENCING IN INFANCY
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The role of the father in child development, 3rd ed.
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Social Understanding at the End of the First Year of Life
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Flagged first, then by citations
7 of the 519 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
(2007) · Cited by 3,233 · see citing works
Self-citationEmotion-related self-regulation and its relation to children's maladjustment
Eisenberg, N., Spinrad, T. L., & Eggum, N. D. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131208 · Cited by 1,259 · see citing works
Attachment and the processing of social information across the life span: Theory and evidence.
Dykas, M. J., & Cassidy, J. A. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0021367 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Family Financial Socialization: Theory and Critical Review
Gudmunson, C. G., & Danes, S. M. (2011) · Journal of Family and Economic Issues · doi:10.1007/s10834-011-9275-y · Cited by 670 · see citing works
The link between self-esteem and social relationships: A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.
Harris, M. A., & Orth, U. (2020) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/pspp0000265 · Cited by 575 · see citing works
Spinrad, T. L., Eisenberg, N., Gaertner, B. M., Popp, T. K., Smith, C. L., Kupfer, A. S., Greving, K., Liew, J., & Hofer, C. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.5.1170 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Guralnick, M. J. (2010) · Infants & Young Children · doi:10.1097/iyc.0b013e3182002cfe · Cited by 423 · see citing works
““Conversations” ranging from social referencing exchanges to extended discussions of the child’s own and others’ mental states are examples of this type of process that evolves over time (Adrian, Clemente, & Villanueva, 2007; Chouinard, 2007; Mundy & Sigman, 2006; Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundGuerra, N. G., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2008) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cd.225 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Brownell, C. A., Svetlova, M., Anderson, R., Nichols, S. R., & Drummond, J. K. (2012) · Infancy · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7078.2012.00125.x · Cited by 348 · see citing works
“…to be especially valuable in fostering prosocial and altruistic behavior because of the salience of emotions and the likelihood that thinking and talking about them will enhance children's awareness and understanding of their own and others' needs and desires (Brown & Dunn, 1991; Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundEarly attachment and later development: Familiar questions, new answers.
Thompson, R. A. (2008) · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Self-citationMeasuring progressions: Assessment structures underlying a learning progression
Wilson, M. R. (2009) · Journal of Research in Science Teaching · doi:10.1002/tea.20318 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Children's fearfulness as a moderator of parenting in early socialization: Two longitudinal studies.
Kochanska, G., Aksan, N. S., & Joy, M. E. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.1.222 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Positive parenting, family cohesion, and child social competence among immigrant Latino families.
Leidy, M. S., Guerra, N. G., & Toro, R. I. (2010) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0019407 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Kochanska, G., & Kim, S. (2012) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01852.x · Cited by 237 · see citing works
“…and future adaptive and maladaptive developmental outcomes (Belsky & Nezworski, 1988; Brumariu & Kerns, 2010; DeKlyen & Greenberg, 2008; Fearon, Bakermans-Kranenburg, van IJzendoorn, Lapsley, & Roisman, 2010; Sroufe, 1996, 2005; Thompson, 2006, 2008; Weinfield, Sroufe, Egeland, & Carlson, 2008).”
Kochanska, G., Aksan, N. S., Prisco, T. R., & Adams, E. (2008) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01109.x · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Parenting Styles or Practices? Parenting, Sympathy, and Prosocial Behaviors Among Adolescents
Carlo, G., McGinley, M. M., Hayes, R., Batenhorst, C., & Wilkinson, J. (2007) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.3200/gntp.168.2.147-176 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Mothers, Fathers, Families, and Circumstances: Factors Affecting Children's Adjustment
Lamb, M. E. (2012) · Applied Developmental Science · doi:10.1080/10888691.2012.667344 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
“…(including persistence, compliance, and sociability) while other researchers have simply focused on the relationships between parental quality and desirable outcomes for children (e.g., Kochanska, Aksan, Knaack, & Rhines, 2004; Lamb & Lewis, 2011; Raikes & Thompson, 2005; Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundParents’ Nonstandard Work Schedules and Child Well-Being: A Critical Review of the Literature
Li, J., Johnson, S. E., Han, W., Andrews, S., Kendall, G. E., Strazdins, L. M., & Dockery, A. M. (2013) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/s10935-013-0318-z · Cited by 204 · see citing works
“Attachment, psychoanalytic, and family theorists have emphasized the importance of the parent–child relationship in developing children’s trust and a sense of identity, and have drawn attention to the importance of age-related transitions in developmental capabilities (Sroufe &Waters, 1977; Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundParental Attachment and Peer Relationships in Adolescence: A Systematic Review
Delgado, E., Sarrato, C. S., Martínez, I., & Cruise, E. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19031064 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
“Attachment theorists maintain that the quality of extrafamilial relationships, particularly with peers, is directly influenced by the experiences of attachment with their caretakers [26].”
BackgroundLi, J., & Julian, M. M. (2012) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01151.x · Cited by 247 · see citing works
“…of central importance to children’s early cognitive, social, and personality development, but also have lasting influence on long-term outcomes, including social skills, emotion regulation, conscience development, trust in others, and general psychological well-being (see review by Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundKeizer, R., Helmerhorst, K. O. W., & van Rijn-van Gelderen, L. (2019) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-019-01007-0 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Erickson, N. L., Julian, M. M., & Muzik, M. (2019) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540261.2018.1563529 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
“caregiver as a ‘secure base’ (Bowlby, 1969) from which to explore the world and learn independence in times when they feel safe to branch out (Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundEmotion Regulation and Attachment: Unpacking Two Constructs and Their Association
Waters, S. F., Virmani, E. A., Thompson, R. A., Meyer, S., Raikes, H., & Jochem, R. (2009) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9163-z · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Self-citationKochanska, G., Koenig, J. L., Barry, R. A., Kim, S., & Yoon, J. E. (2010) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020381 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Raikes, H., & Thompson, R. A. (2008) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730802113620 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“Maternal sensitivity is a core element of responsive parenting that contributes not only to attachment security but also to greater social and cognitive competence in children (e.g., Bornstein & Tamis- LeMonda, 1997; Rogoff, 1990; see Laible & Thompson, 2007, for a review).”
BackgroundSelf-citationBarry, R. A., Kochanska, G., & Philibert, R. A. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01935.x · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“Although the current findings are meaningful, and infant attachment organization at the end of the first year of life is an important predictor of child developmental outcomes (Thompson, 2006), children as well as their environments continue to change and evolve.”
Children, childhood, and development in evolutionary perspective
Bjorklund, D. F., & Ellis, B. J. (2014) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2014.05.005 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Thompson, R. A., & Virmani, E. A. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-375000-6.00339-6 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationRoad Maps for Learning: A Guide to the Navigation of Learning Progressions
Black, P., Wilson, M. R., & Yao, S.-Y. (2011) · Measurement Interdisciplinary Research and Perspectives · doi:10.1080/15366367.2011.591654 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Emotion Regulation in Youth with Emotional Disorders: Implications for a Unified Treatment Approach
Trosper, S. E., Buzzella, B. A., Bennett, S. M., & Ehrenreich, J. T. (2009) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-009-0043-6 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Attachment and self‐evaluation in Chinese adolescents: Age and gender differences
Song, H., Thompson, R. A., & Ferrer, E. (2009) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2009.01.001 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Rasch Rating Model and the Disordered Threshold Controversy
Adams, R. J., Wu, M., & Wilson, M. R. (2012) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164411432166 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Chapter 8 Moral Identity, Moral Functioning, and the Development of Moral Character
Narvaez, D. F., & Lapsley, D. K. (2009) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)00408-8 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Guilt and effortful control: Two mechanisms that prevent disruptive developmental trajectories.
Kochanska, G., Barry, R. A., Jimenez, N. B., Hollatz, A. L., & Woodard, J. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0015471 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B., Han, W., & Waldfogel, J. (2010) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5834.2010.00562.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Kochanska, G., Barry, R. A., Stellern, S. A., & O’Bleness, J. J. (2009) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01332.x · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“One such positive socialization force, secure attachment, has been broadly associated with adap tive development, whereas insecurity has been often seen as a risk factor for antisocial and disrup tive behavior problems (Bretherton, Golby, & Cho, 1997; Shaw & Bell, 1993; Shaw & Vondra, 1995; Thompson, 2006; van IJzendo…”
BackgroundNichols, S. R., Svetlova, M., & Brownell, C. A. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Adolescence as a Sensitive Period for the Development of Personality Disorder
Sharp, C., Vanwoerden, S., & Wall, K. (2018) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.004 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Higgins, E. T. (2019) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190948054.001.0001 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Drummond, J. K., Paul, E. F., Waugh, W. E., Hammond, S. I., & Brownell, C. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00361 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
“Emotion understanding, given its robust associations with EMST, is one logical pathway (de Rosnay and Hughes, 2006; Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundBoldt, L. J., Kochanska, G., Yoon, J. E., & Nordling, J. K. (2014) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2014.889181 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“Generally, when studied in early childhood, attachment stability has been mostly studied for Strange Situation classifications over a relatively limited period of time (Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialNewman, R. S. (2008) · Educational Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00461520701756206 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“More socially competent children (i.e., individuals with social understanding, social effectiveness, and social skills; Saarni, Campos, Camras, & Witherington, 2006; Thompson, 2006) typically possess a larger repertoire of strategies for dealing with peer conflict and are able to adapt more flexibly to stressors (Bren…”
BackgroundInfluentialAttachment, Parent–Child Discourse and Theory‐of‐Mind Development
Ontai, L., & Thompson, R. A. (2008) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00414.x · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationSherman, L. J., Rice, K., & Cassidy, J. (2015) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2015.06.001 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Harris, M. A., Grünenfelder‐Steiger, A. E., Ferrer, E. E., Donnellan, M. B., Allemand, M., Fend, H. A., Conger, R. D., & Trzesniewski, K. H. (2015) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12356 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Through consistent, warm, and supportive interactions with a caregiver, a child is thought to develop an internal working model that consists of positive views of the self; that is, the child will develop a view of self as important and worthy of love (Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialWhither the Preconventional Child? Toward a Life-Span Moral Development Theory
Thompson, R. A. (2012) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2012.00245.x · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Self-citationToward a developmental psychology of Sehnsucht (life longings): The optimal (utopian) life.
Scheibe, S., Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2007) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.43.3.778 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“…P. B. Baltes & Staudinger, 2000; Bluck & Habermas, 2001; McAdams, 1990), such a phenomenon is likely to involve abilities and experiences related to emotional competence and the self-concept that only become fully accessible and more available in middle to late adolescence (e.g., Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundAttachment and peer relations in adolescence
Dykas, M. J., Ziv, Y., & Cassidy, J. A. (2008) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730802113679 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Attachment theorists generally believe that attachment experiences impact the quality of children’s and adolescents’ extra-familial social relations, particularly their relations with peers (Berlin & Cassidy, 1999; Thompson, 2006).”
Background“Boys Can Be Anything”: Effect of Barbie Play on Girls’ Career Cognitions
Sherman, A. M., & Zurbriggen, E. L. (2014) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-014-0347-y · Cited by 94 · see citing works
“The evolution of self is a major task of childhood, as children learn to distinguish between self and others in infancy, separate from caregivers in toddlerhood, and engage in sibling and peer relationships in early and middle childhood (Harter 2003, 2006; Thompson 2006).”
BackgroundPreventive Interventions for Preterm Children
Guralnick, M. J. (2012) · Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/dbp.0b013e31824eaa3c · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Attachment Emerge in Middle Childhood: An Evolutionary Hypothesis
Giudice, M. D., & Belsky, J. (2010) · Child Development Perspectives · doi:10.1111/j.1750-8606.2010.00125.x · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Academic Race Stereotypes, Academic Self-Concept, and Racial Centrality in African American Youth
Okeke, N. A., Howard, L. C., Kurtz‐Costes, B., & Rowley, S. J. (2009) · Journal of Black Psychology · doi:10.1177/0095798409333615 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“Classic psychological theory posits the importance of social group membership in shaping individual identity (Erikson, 1968; Thompson, 2006), and expectancy-value theory also suggests that individuals’ stereotype endorsement will be related to their self-perceptions (Eccles et al.”
BackgroundResultTian, L.-M., Liu, L., & Nan, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01030 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
“In other words, through consistent, warm, and supportive interactions with a caregiver, a child is thought to develop an internal working model that consists of positive views of the self (Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundMother-child behavioral and physiological synchrony
Bell, M. A. (2020) · Advances in child development and behavior · doi:10.1016/bs.acdb.2020.01.006 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A Psychobiological Perspective on Working Memory Performance at 8 Months of Age
Bell, M. A. (2011) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01684.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Goodvin, R., Meyer, S., Thompson, R. A., & Hayes, R. A. (2008) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730802461466 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationRaby, K. L., Cicchetti, D., Carlson, E. A., Egeland, B. R., & Collins, W. A. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12093 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“…54:11 (2013), pp 1223–1230 doi:10.1111/jcpp.12093 scholars have called attention to the need to consider how children’s biologically based temperamental characteristics may moderate the continuity of attachment security across development (Fraley, 2002; Thompson, 2006; Waters et al., 2000).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBjorklund, D. F. (2015) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2015.07.002 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Attachment-related mental representations: introduction to the special issue
Thompson, R. A. (2008) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616730802461334 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationRoth, G., & Assor, A. (2010) · Infant and Child Development · doi:10.1002/icd.676 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“…promote children’s emotional competence, whereas parents’ attitudes and behaviors communicating a lack of acceptance or dismissal of children’s emotional experiences impede the development of emotional capacities (e.g. Saarni et al., 2006; Thompson, 2006; Thompson, Laible, & Ontai, 2003).”
Supervision and training in child care: Does reflective supervision foster caregiver insightfulness?
Virmani, E. A., & Ontai, L. (2010) · Infant Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1002/imhj.20240 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
“Young children develop within the context of relationships both in and out of the home (Howes, 1999; Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundKochanska, G., & Kim, S. (2013) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0032330 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Brouillette, L. R. (2009) · Arts Education Policy Review · doi:10.1080/10632910903228116 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Gradually, they proceed from a primarily “external” view of classroom expectations and standards—cooperating because adults expect them to—to an “internalized” desire to perceive themselves as cooperative and helpful (Kochanska 2002; Thompson 2006).”
BackgroundSocial Skills in Children Adopted From Socially-Emotionally Depriving Institutions
Julian, M. M., & McCall, R. B. (2015) · Adoption Quarterly · doi:10.1080/10926755.2015.1088106 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“In fact, for an infant to develop an attachment to a caregiver, the caregiver must behave sensitively and responsively and be a consistent presence in the infant’s life over a period of time (Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundBarry, R. A., & Kochanska, G. (2010) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/a0018485 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Brown, G. L., Mangelsdorf, S. C., Neff, C., Schoppe‐Sullivan, S. J., & Frosch, C. A. (2009) · Merrill-palmer Quarterly · doi:10.1353/mpq.0.0019 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“…uthor M anuscript Parenting and Children’s Self-Concepts A prominent notion in theory and research on self-development is that the early self-concept is formed in the context of children’s intimate relationships with caregivers (Harter, 1998, 2006; Miller & Mangelsdorf, 2005; Thompson, 1998, 2006).”
BackgroundValidating a Learning Progression in Mathematical Functions for College Readiness
Wilmot, D. B., Schoenfeld, A. H., Wilson, M. R., Champney, D., & Zahner, W. C. (2011) · Mathematical Thinking and Learning · doi:10.1080/10986065.2011.608344 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Paek, I., & Wilson, M. R. (2011) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164411400734 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Männikkö, N., Ruotsalainen, H., Miettunen, J., Marttila-Tornio, K., & Kääriäinen, M. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03415 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Thus, it impairs the ability to form responsive parent-child relationships, and hence children's willingness to cooperate actively with their parents and follow parental rules (Kochanska, 2002; Thompson, 2008).”
BackgroundNewton, E. K., Thompson, R. A., & Goodman, M. (2016) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12631 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationParental Distress and Child Behavior Problems: Parenting Behaviors as Mediators
Sanner, C. M., & Neece, C. L. (2017) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-017-0884-4 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Sensitive and supportive parenting may also strengthen the mother-child attachment, which improve child emotion regulation (ER) skills (Thompson 2006) and subsequent child behavior problems (Howse et al. 2003).”
BackgroundEmotional Relationships in Mothers and Infants
Bornstein, M. H., Putnick, D. L., Suwalsky, J. T. D., Venuti, P., de Falco, S., de Galperín, C. Z., Gini, M., & Tichovolsky, M. H. (2010) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022110388563 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Emotional expression and regulation are evident very early in the life of the child, are central organizing constructs, and develop in conjunction with caregivers who manage infants’ affective states (R. A. Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundThe emergence and evolution of infant externalizing behavior
Lorber, M. F., Vecchio, T. D., & Slep, A. M. S. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414000923 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“As Thompson (2006) points out, the infant has the newly gained ability to wander away from the parent and engage in activities that are viewed by the parent as undesirable.”
BackgroundRoskam, I. (2018) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579418000135 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“One of the most important theoretically driven hypotheses is the epigenetic view that the quality of children’s relationship with their primary caregiver, and in particular their attachment security, lays the groundwork for subsequent socioemotional development (Bowlby, 1969; Cassidy, 2008; Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundRecchia, H. E., Wainryb, C., & Pasupathi, M. (2013) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12059 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Attachment in middle childhood: predictors, correlates, and implications for adaptation
Boldt, L. J., Kochanska, G., Grekin, R., & Brock, R. L. (2015) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2015.1120334 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“(Fraley, 2002; Groh et al., 2014; Pinquart, Feuβner, & Ahnert, 2013; Thompson, 2006; Weinfield, Whaley, & Egeland, 2004), although stability has also been reported (Waters, Weinfield, & Hamilton, 2000).”
BackgroundInfluentialA Philosophical Examination of Social Justice and Child Poverty
Schweiger, G., & Graf, G. (2015) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.26530/oapen_579612 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“…includes the associations found between early attachment security and measures of emotional health, self-esteem, agency and self-confidence, positive affect, ego resiliency and social competence in interactions with peers, teachers, camp counselors, romantic partners and others (Thompson 2007).”
BackgroundMiller, J. E., Kim, S., Boldt, L. J., Goffin, K. C., & Kochanska, G. (2018) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000660 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“…which overall have supported reliable, albeit sometimes modest links (see De Wolff & van IJzendoorn, 1997; Goldsmith & Alansky, 1987; Lucassen et al., 2011; Pasco Fearon & Belsky, 2016; Thompson, 2006; van IJzendoorn & De Wolff, 1997; Verhage et al., 2016, for narrative and meta-analytic reviews).”
Germán, M., Gonzales, N. A., McClain, D. B., Dumka, L. E., & Millsap, R. E. (2013) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295192.2013.756353 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“Attachment theory suggests that warm, responsive parenting is the critical factor in producing securely attached children who, in turn, develop positive secure internal working models of their parents (Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundWagner, N. J., The Family Life Project Key Investigators, Mills-Koonce, R., Willoughby, M. T., Zvara, B. J., & Cox, M. J. (2015) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0039353 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“These findings are consistent with the idea that the child's mental representations are based on early caregiving experiences and may constitute a bridge between early experience and the development of self and expectations that influence future behavior (Thompson, 2006).”
Parents’ Expression and Discussion of Emotion in the Multilingual Family
Chen, S. H., Kennedy, M., & Zhou, Q. (2012) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691612447307 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“…can provide direct coaching on how to regulate emotion (e.g., Gottman et al., 1997), provide reappraisals or reassessments of a distressing situation (Gross & Thompson, 2007), or state explicit expectations for appropriate emotional behavior (Thompson & Lagattuta, 2006; Thompson & Meyer, 2007).”
BackgroundExplanatory Secondary Dimension Modeling of Latent Differential Item Functioning
de Boeck, P. A. L., Cho, S., & Wilson, M. R. (2011) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0146621611428446 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Social-Emotional Competence in Young Children With Developmental Delays
Brown, W. H., & Conroy, M. A. (2011) · Journal of Early Intervention · doi:10.1177/1053815111429969 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Over time, these early social exchanges evolve into complex social interactions with others, and children’s interactional histories are a primary mechanism that leads to their social-emotional competence (Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundETHICS AND THE DYNAMIC VULNERABILITY OF CHILDREN
Schweiger, G., & Graf, G. (2017) · Les ateliers de l éthique · doi:10.7202/1051284ar · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Aram, D., Deitcher, D. B., Shoshan, T. S., & Ziv, M. (2017) · Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology · doi:10.1891/1945-8959.16.2.157 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Parent–child interactions, such as joint play, and parent–child discourse, such as reminiscing together, provide the child with a natural context in which to learn about the socioemotional world and the socialization process (Fivush, Haden, & Reese, 2006; Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundCoparenting Problems with Toddlers Predict Children’s Symptoms of Psychological Problems at Age 7
Umemura, T., Christopher, C., Mann, T., Jacobvitz, D. B., & Hazen, N. L. (2015) · Child Psychiatry & Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-015-0536-0 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Barbarin, O. A., Iruka, I. U., Harradine, C., Winn, D.-M. C., McKinney, M. K., & Taylor, L. C. (2013) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/ajop.12023 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Mendez, McDermott, and Fantuzzo (2002) and Thompson (2006) have proposed a formulation of psycho-social competence that includes self-regulation of attention, behavior and emotions, and language skills.”
BackgroundBrock, R. L., & Kochanska, G. (2015) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-015-0008-9 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Further, equally extensive evidence has shown that a positive parent–child relationship fosters children’s attachment security, associated with adaptive regulation of emotion and constructive coping (DeKlyen and Greenberg 2008; Thompson 2006).”
Shared-Reality Development in Childhood
Higgins, E. T. (2016) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691616635595 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Rogers, C. R., Chen, X., Kwon, S., McElwain, N. L., & Telzer, E. H. (2021) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101046 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Attachment security with caregivers during infancy and toddlerhood lays the foundation for social expectations, autonomous behaviors, and regulatory competencies later in life (Thompson, 2006).”
InfluentialThe trouble with personhood and person‐centred care
Tieu, M., Mudd, A., Conroy, T., de Plaza, M. A. P., & Kitson, A. A. (2022) · Nursing Philosophy · doi:10.1111/nup.12381 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Liu, L., He, X., Li, C., Xu, L., & Li, Y. (2020) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105200 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Origins of Early Adolescents’ Hope
Otis, K. L., Huebner, E. S., & Hills, K. J. (2016) · Canadian Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1177/0829573515626715 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“The absence of a positive attachment relationship is expected to impede the progression of positive hope development through the development of maladaptive working models related to present and future experiences (Rieger, 1993; Snyder, 2000; Thompson, 2006).”
BackgroundZorzella, K. P. M., Muller, R. T., Cribbie, R. A., Bambrah, V., & Classen, C. C. (2019) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000433 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Kim, S., Boldt, L. J., & Kochanska, G. (2015) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2015.1072832 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“This multi-method, multi-informant, multi-assessment study addresses a key question of attachment theory: Does security mediate often-reported associations between early positive parent–child relationship and future adaptive outcomes (Haltigan, Roisman, & Fraley, 2013; Thompson, 2006)?”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWeems, C. F., & Piña, A. (2010) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-010-9178-5 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Gamble, W. C., Yu, J. J., & Kuehn, E. D. (2011) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.2010.00591.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
McGinley, M. M., & Evans, A. M. (2020) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-020-01715-3 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Raikes, H., Virmani, E. A., Thompson, R. A., & Hatton, H. (2012) · Attachment & Human Development · doi:10.1080/14616734.2012.728381 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationSeeking a Balance Between the Statistical and Scientific Elements in Psychometrics
Wilson, M. R. (2013) · Psychometrika · doi:10.1007/s11336-013-9327-3 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
- Authors
- Thompson, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thompson, Ross A.
- ORCID
- Thompson, Ross A.
- Venue
- Handbook of Child Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-06
- OpenAlex
- W1962990667
- Cited by
- 326
- References
- 519
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 22
- Type
- other
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Psychology of Development and Education
- Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
- Keywords
- social understanding, interpersonal relationships, conscience, self, early childhood development, personality development, relational context, shared activities, social cognition, moral development, self-concept
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