The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Perceptions of racial microaggressions among Black supervisees in cross-racial dyads
Abstract
Perceived racial microaggressions by White supervisors were examined through a qualitative analysis of 10 self-identified Black doctoral supervisees in counseling and clinical psychology. Results indicated 7 microaggression themes directed toward this group: (a) invalidating racial–cultural issues, (b) making stereotypic assumptions about Black clients, (c) making stereotypic assumptions about Black supervisees, (d) reluctance to give performance feedback for fear of being viewed as racist, (e) focusing primarily on clinical weaknesses, (f) blaming clients of color for problems stemming from oppression, and (g) offering culturally insensitive treatment recommendations. The impact of these racial microaggressions was found to be detrimental to Black trainees, the supervisory relationship, and, indirectly, to clients of color. Implications of the findings are discussed.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“They reflect and reproduce societal power dynamics within the supportive and developmental context of supervision (Constantine & Sue, 2007;Sukumaran, 2016).”
From Caught between silence and truth: Graduate trainees' disclosures of microaggressions (2026) · cites this paper as Constantine & Sue, 2007
In the citing paper
“Disclosure itself is fraught: supervisors may deflect, pathologize, or invalidate such reports, framing them as misunderstandings or overly emotional responses, noting that these dismissive responses are relevant when a trainee discloses having experienced a microaggression from their supervisor or from someone else (e.g., their client, a peer or faculty member in their training program;”
From Caught between silence and truth: Graduate trainees' disclosures of microaggressions (2026) · cites this paper as Constantine & Sue, 2007
In the citing paper
“Despite increasing scholarly attention to microaggressions in supervision and the need for culturally responsive training environments, the current literature has primarily centered supervisor perspectives, quantitative survey methods, or decontextualized incidents of bias (Constantine & Sue, 2007;Malone & Ishmail, 2020;Noltemeyer et al., 2013).”
From Caught between silence and truth: Graduate trainees' disclosures of microaggressions (2026) · cites this paper as Constantine & Sue, 2007
In the citing paper
“Our findings strongly align with prior research affirming that microaggressions are frequent, normalized, and harmful in educational and clinical training environments, particularly within supervisory relationships”
From Caught between silence and truth: Graduate trainees' disclosures of microaggressions (2026) · cites this paper as Constantine & Sue, 2007
Citations
Cites
Phenomenological research methods
Moustakas, C. (1994) · doi:10.4135/9781412995658 · Cited by 13,919
Smith, J. A. (1996) · Psychology & Health · doi:10.1080/08870449608400256 · Cited by 2,380
Smedley, A., & Smedley, B. D. (2005) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.60.1.16 · Cited by 1,265
Why can't we just get along? Interpersonal biases and interracial distrust.
Dovidio, J. F., Gaertner, S. E., Kawakami, K., & Hodson, G. (2002) · Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology · doi:10.1037/1099-9809.8.2.88 · Cited by 593
Barriers to effective mental health services for African Americans
Snowden, L. R. (2001) · Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1023/a:1013172913880 · Cited by 409
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Critical Race Theory, Racial Microaggressions, and Campus Racial Climate for Latina/o Undergraduates
Yosso, T., Smith, W., Ceja, M., & Solórzano, D. (2009) · Harvard Educational Review · doi:10.17763/haer.79.4.m6867014157m707l · Cited by 1,221
Inclusion of people of color in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: a review of the literature.
Michaels, T. I., Purdon, J., Collins, A., & Williams, M. T. (2018) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-018-1824-6 · Cited by 265
Racial triangulation and shifting standards in mental health assessments
Gushue, G. V., Lee, T. R., & Kim, J. E. (2022) · Journal of Counseling & Development · doi:10.1002/jcad.12420 · Cited by 6
Caught between silence and truth: Graduate trainees' disclosures of microaggressions
Concepción Cabán, L. D., Goins, R. E., Osman, F. A., Banks, B. M., Jackson, T. M., Flint, A. N., Hynes, K., & Peterson, K. R. (2026) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2026.101593
Metadata
- Authors
- Constantine, M. G., & Sue, D. W.
- Venue
- Journal of Counseling Psychology
- Published
- 2007-04
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 142-153
- ISSN
- 1939-2168
- 0022-0167
- Cited by
- 182
- References
- 5
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
