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Cited by 6Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchCounseling Practices and SupervisionSocial and Intergroup Psychology

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Racial triangulation and shifting standards in mental health assessments

Gushue, George V., Lee, Tina R., Kim, Jung Eun·2022·Journal of Counseling & Development
DOI 10.1002/jcad.12420
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Abstract

This study investigated the presence of racial bias in mental health assessments among White trainees and clinicians using the shifting standards paradigm (Biernat, 2003) and the racial triangulation framework (Kim, 1999). A total of 181 White participants viewed one of three case vignettes, all of which were identical except for the race of a fictitious client named Karl. Participants completed a clinical impressions inventory (Gushue, 2004) and the internal causality subscale from the Causation Dimension Scale (Russell, 1982). Results indicated differences in examiner ratings based on Karl's race. Black Karl was rated as significantly less symptomatic, compared to White or East Asian Karl, consistent with the shifting standards paradigm (Biernat, 2003; Gushue, 2004). No difference was found in symptom severity ratings between White Karl and East Asian Karl. Symptoms were also more likely to be attributed to internal factors with Black Karl than with White or East Asian Karl.

Overview

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Crossref · 10.1002/jcad.12420

Cites

54 of 54 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Despite small adjustments to the methodology used by Gushue et al. (2022), the current study generated new diagnostic evidence regarding the construct of implicit bias expressed by counselors-in-training toward a marginalized population.

    “Thus, despite small adjustments to the methodology utilized by Gushue et al. (2022) in their research (e.g., one extra group, using sexual orientation as the variable of interest), the current study generated new diagnostic evidence regarding the construct of implicit bias expressed by counselors-in-training toward a marginalized population.”

    From Examining Counselor Trainees’ Clinical Impressions of Pornography Use: Implications for Couple and Family Counselors (2026) · cites this paper as Gushue et al. (2022)

  • Mental health trainees and new practitioners who conceptualized the African-American subject in Gushue et al.'s study applied different standards to him versus the White and East Asian subjects.

    “Moreover, Gushue et al. (2022) reported that mental health trainees and new practitioners who conceptualized the African-American subject in their study applied different standards to him versus the White and East Asian subjects.”

    From Examining Counselor Trainees’ Clinical Impressions of Pornography Use: Implications for Couple and Family Counselors (2026) · cites this paper as Gushue et al. (2022)

  • Within the current study, the missing item rate was >30%, while in contrast, the rate was <5% in the Gushue et al.'s (2022) study following the same methods.

    “Within the current study, the missing item rate was >30%, while in contrast, the rate was <5% in the Gushue et al.'s (2022) study following the same methods.”

    From Examining Counselor Trainees’ Clinical Impressions of Pornography Use: Implications for Couple and Family Counselors (2026) · cites this paper as Gushue et al.'s (2022)

Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Boysen G., 2011, Revision of the DSM and conceptual expansion of mental illness: An exploratory analysis of diagnostic criteria, The Journal of Mind and Behavior, 32, 295
  2. Clarke C. P.(2009). Exploring the relationship between heterosexual therapists' attitudes toward gay men their self‐reported multicultural counseling competency and their initial clinical judgments(Publication No. 3386134) [Doctoral dissertation Columbia University]. Proquest.

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Metadata

Authors
Gushue, G. V., Lee, T. R., & Kim, J. E.
Affiliations
Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author
Gushue, George V.
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Counseling & Development
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2021-12-15
Volume
100
Issue
3
Pages
330-338
ISSN
  • 0748-9633 (ISSN-L)
  • 1556-6676
DOI
10.1002/jcad.12420
OpenAlex
W4200456715
Cited by
6
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2
FWCI
0.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
Journal of Counseling & Development (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Counseling Practices and Supervision
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Keywords
racial bias, mental health assessment, racial triangulation, case vignettes, symptom severity rating, attribution bias, Black clients, clinical impression

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