Cited by 813Psychology of Social InfluenceSocial and Intergroup PsychologyMedia Influence and Health

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Effects of message repetition and position on cognitive response, recall, and persuasion.

Cacioppo, John T., Petty, Richard E.·1979·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Abstract

Although the mere exposure effect has been researched widely, surprisingly little is known about the attitudinal and cognitive effects of message repetition. It was hypothesized that the sequence of topic-relevan t thoughts generated in response to a (repeated) persuasive message would parallel attitude change. To test this prediction, two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, individuals heard a communication either zero (control), one, three, or five times in succession, rated their agreement with the advocated position, and listed the message arguments they could recall. In Experiment 2, individuals heard a communication either one, three, or five times, rated their agreement, listed their thoughts, and listed the message arguments they could recall. In both experiments, agreement first increased, then decreased as exposure frequency increased (regardless of the position advocated), but agreement was unrelated to the recall of the message arguments. In Experiment 2, analyses of the listed thoughts revealed that counterargumentation decreased, then increased, whereas topic-irrelevant thinking increased as exposure frequency increased; as expected, only topic-relevant thoughts were related to agreement. These results are interpreted in terms of an attitude-modification model in which repetition and content of a persuasive advocacy affect the type and number of thoughts generated; these thoughts, in turn, affect the attitudinal reaction to the advocacy. In this article…

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“As the public ’ s perception was not only in ﬂ uenced by the content of the narrative but also by the repetition of certain narratives (Cacioppo and Petty 1979), STM allows us to quantify the text dataset and examine both the narrative content and also the propagation intensity of di ﬀ erent…”
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“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript Model posits that attitudes result from persuasive influences processed via either central or peripheral routes (Cacioppo, Harking, & Petty, 1981; Cacioppo & Petty, 1979).”
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“Research also shows that repeated exposure, such as watching a video over and over, may cause tedium (Rethans, Swasy, & Marks, 1986), which can result in psychological reactance (Cacioppo & Petty, 1979, 1989), or disengagement.”
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“Repetition may facilitate learning (Bacon, 1979; Cacioppo & Petty, 1979; R. L. Miller, 1976), but too much repetition may be terminally boring.”
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“Previous research has found that increasing individuals’ exposure to a message may increase their agreement with the message (Cacioppo & Petty, 1979).”
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“Word or phrase repetitions draw customers’ attention to the key features of the advert (Cacioppo & Petty, 1979).”

Authors: Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E.
Affiliations: University of Notre Dame (US)
ORCID: Cacioppo, John T.
Petty, Richard E.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1979-01
Volume: 37
Issue: 1
Pages: 97-109
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.37.1.97
OpenAlex: W2138043764
Cited by: 813
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 56.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Communication › Media Influence and Health
Keywords: message repetition, mere exposure effect, persuasive communication, attitude change, message recall, counterargument

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Effects of message repetition and position on cognitive response, recall, and persuasion.

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