The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Attitude polarization: Effects of group membership.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In discussions with like-minded individuals, people can be persuaded to adopt more extreme ideological positions, leaving an interaction with more polarized views than they initially had (Mackie & Cooper 1984, Moscovici & Zavalloni 1969).”
From Social Media and Morality. (2024) · cites this paper as Mackie & Cooper 1984
Citations
Cites
A theory of social comparison processes
Festinger, L. (1954) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872675400700202 · Cited by 20,926
Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1973) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(73)90033-9 · Cited by 9,984
Lord, C. G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.11.2098 · Cited by 4,583
In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis.
Brewer, M. B. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.307 · Cited by 3,411
(2017) · doi:10.5040/9798400682018.ch-003 · Cited by 2,248
Towards a cognitive redefinition of the social group.
Turner, J. C. (1981) · Cahiers De Psychologie Cognitive-current Psychology of Cognition · Cited by 1,827
The Psychology of Social Norms.
Hankins, F. H., & Sherif, M. (1937) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2084385 · Cited by 1,468
The Psychology of Social Norms
Lemmon, M. L., & Sherif, M. (1938) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1416439 · Cited by 1,288
The group polarization phenomenon.
Myers, D. G., & Lamm, H. (1976) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.83.4.602 · Cited by 1,102
The group as a polarizer of attitudes.
Moscovici, S., & Zavalloni, M. (1969) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027568 · Cited by 1,038
Illusory correlation in interpersonal perception: A cognitive basis of stereotypic judgments
Hamilton, D. L., & Gifford, R. K. (1976) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0022-1031(76)80006-6 · Cited by 842
Cognitive dissonance: Private ratiocination or public spectacle?
Tedeschi, J. T., Schlenker, B. R., & Bonoma, T. V. (1971) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0032110 · Cited by 430
Group influence on individual risk taking.
Wallach, M. A., Kogan, N., & Bem, D. J. (1962) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0044376 · Cited by 422
QUANTITATIVE JUDGEMENT IN SOCIAL PERCEPTION*
Tajfel, H. (1959) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1959.tb00677.x · Cited by 370
Persuasive argumentation and social comparison as determinants of attitude polarization
Burnstein, E., & Vinokur, A. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(77)90002-6 · Cited by 351
Oakes, P. J., & Turner, J. C. (1980) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420100307 · Cited by 312
From individual to group impressions: Availability heuristics in stereotype formation
Rothbart, M., Fulero, S. M., Jensen, C., Howard, J., & Birrell, P. J. (1978) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(78)90013-6 · Cited by 288
Vinokur, A. D., & Burstein, E. (1974) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0036010 · Cited by 254
Group-Induced Polarization of Attitudes and Behavior
Lamm, H., & Myers, D. G. (1978) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60007-6 · Cited by 247
Social differentiation and social originality
Lemaine, G. (1974) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420040103 · Cited by 222
Components of group risk taking
Teger, A. I., & Pruitt, D. G. (1967) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(67)90022-4 · Cited by 215
Groups and Individuals: Explanations in Social Psychology
Doise, W. (1978) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 205
Risk taking by individuals and groups: An assessment of research employing choice dilemmas.
Cartwright, D. (1971) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0031912 · Cited by 186
On the so‐called ‘superior conformity of the self’ behavior: Twenty experimental investigations
Codol, J. (1975) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420050404 · Cited by 179
Is social comparison irrelevant for producing choice shifts?
Sanders, G. S., & Baron, R. S. (1977) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-1031(77)90001-4 · Cited by 167
Depolarization of attitudes in groups.
Vinokur, A. D., & Burnstein, E. (1978) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.8.872 · Cited by 151
Intergroup relations and polarization of individual and collective judgments.
Doise, W. (1969) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027571 · Cited by 136
Wallach, M. A., & Wing, C. W. (1968) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025719 · Cited by 125
Group Categorization and Attribution of Belief Similarity
Allen, V. L., & Wilder, D. A. (1979) · Small Group Behavior · doi:10.1177/0090552679101006 · Cited by 122
Baron, R. S., & Roper, G. (1976) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.33.5.521 · Cited by 63
Will an observer advise higher risk taking after hearing a discussion of the decision problem?
Lamm, H. (1967) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0024790 · Cited by 49
The experience of being a victim of prejudice: An experimental approach1
Dion, K. L., Earn, B. M., & Yee, P. H. N. (1978) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207597808246625 · Cited by 46
Normative and Informational Effects of Group Interaction
Myers, D. G., Bach, P. J., & Schreiber, F. B. (1974) · Sociometry · doi:10.2307/2786381 · Cited by 39
Relationships between perceived ability and attitude extremity.
Jellison, J. M., & Davis, D. (1973) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0035109 · Cited by 18
Conformity pressure as a determinant of risk taking: Replication and extension.
Baron, R. S., Monson, T. C., & Baron, P. H. (1973) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0035102 · Cited by 11
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mason, L. (2015) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/ajps.12089 · Cited by 1,367
Social Identity, Self-Categorization, and the Communication of Group Norms
Hogg, M. A., & Reid, S. A. (2006) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2006.00003.x · Cited by 1,399
“A number of social identity studies have found that polarization is more extreme when members identify more strongly with the group (e.g., Abrams et al., 1990; Mackie, 1986; Mackie & Cooper, 1984; Turner et al., 1989; also see Abrams & Hogg, 1990; Turner & Oakes, 1989).”
BackgroundMarques, J. M., Yzerbyt, V. Y., & Leyens, J. (1988) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2420180102 · Cited by 888
New Developments in Social Interdependence Theory
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2005) · Genetic Social and General Psychology Monographs · doi:10.3200/mono.131.4.285-358 · Cited by 861
Social Identification, Self-Categorization and Social Influence
Abrams, D., & Hogg, M. A. (1990) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/14792779108401862 · Cited by 382
Metadata
- Authors
- Mackie, D., & Cooper, J.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- ORCID
- Mackie, Diane
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1984-03
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 575-585
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W1980865371
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 7.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Electoral Systems and Political Participation
- Keywords
- attitude polarization, group membership, group identity, social identity, attitude change
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
