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Shamed into anger? The relation of shame and guilt to anger and self-reported aggression.
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“It is also associated with elevated fear and avoidance (36) and a propensity to react with anger out of shame (37).”
From Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Progress in Understanding and Treatment (2022) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“Importantly, shame itself is a well-recognized driver of aggression (Tangney et al. 1992; Elison et al. 2014; Velotti et al. 2014), creating a vicious cycle in which aggressive behavior and shame reinforce each other.”
From Decoding the bidirectional links between alcohol misuse and aggression: toward a unified translational framework (2026) · cites this paper as Tangney et al. 1992
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Items 401–500 of 624
Jenßen, L., Möller, R. D., Eilerts, K., & Rösken-Winter, B. (2022) · Educational Studies in Mathematics · doi:10.1007/s10649-021-10141-1 · Cited by 17
“In regard to the motivational facet of shame in general (e.g., Tangney et al., 1992), pre-service teachers might endure mathematics courses at university or overcompensate during teacher education (e.g., getting angry when working on mathematical tasks without a deeper understanding of…”
BackgroundReactions to Physician-Inspired Shame and Guilt
Darby, R. S., Henniger, N. E., & Harris, C. R. (2014) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/01973533.2013.856782 · Cited by 14
“This method has been used in previous work examining the unique effects of emotions on behaviors (Tangney et al., 1996; Tangney et al., 1992).”
MethodDevelopment and validation of the Adolescent Shame-Proneness Scale.
Simonds, L. M., John, M., Fife‐Schaw, C., Willis, S., Taylor, H. M., Hand, H., Rahim, M., Winstanley, H., & Winton, H. (2015) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000206 · Cited by 14
Vazeou‐Nieuwenhuis, A., & Schumann, K. (2017) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.12.002 · Cited by 14
Psychiatric Assessment of Victims of Adolescent Dating Violence in a Primary Care Clinic
Williams, S. E., & Martinez, E. (1999) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1359104599004003012 · Cited by 14
Baumeister, R. F., Masicampo, E. J., & Twenge, J. M. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118133880.hop205012 · Cited by 14
The emotive causes of recurrent international conflicts
Long, W. J., & Brecke, P. (2003) · Politics and the Life Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0730938400006262 · Cited by 13
Hide and “sick”: Self-concealment, shame and distress in the setting of psycho-oncology
Wertheim, R., Hasson‐Ohayon, I., Mashiach‐Eizenberg, M., Pizem, N., Shacham‐Shmueli, E., & Goldzweig, G. (2017) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951517000499 · Cited by 14
“While guilt often motivates to alter behavior and take reparative actions, shame may motivate a desire to hide from others or disappear, as it may involve the fantasy of being rejected and/or of being disapproved of by others (Tangney et al., 1992).”
BackgroundNguyen, H. S., Laufer, D. A., & Krisjanous, J. (2020) · Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ) · doi:10.1016/j.ausmj.2020.08.002 · Cited by 13
“The link between shame and defensive reactions, such as running away and hiding from others ( Tangney et al., 2007 , 1992 ), is typical of individualistic cultures ( Kitayama et al., 1995 ), where the sense of self as independent is valued and shame can be interpreted as a sign of weakness (…”
BackgroundWang, W., Song, S., Wang, J., Liu, Q., Huang, L., & Chen, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.725277 · Cited by 14
Shame and guilt: The psychology of sacramental confession.
Martinez-Pilkington, A. (2007) · The Humanistic Psychologist · doi:10.1080/08873260701274272 · Cited by 13
How, when, and why transgressors’ narcissism affects motivation to apologize (or not)
Shoikhedbrod, A., Struthers, C. W., Guilfoyle, J. R., van Monsjou, E., Halilova, J. G., & Saleemi, S. (2018) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2018.11.003 · Cited by 14
“Importantly, narcissism is negatively associated with both dispositional shame and guilt (Giammarco & Vernon, 2015; Gramzow & Tangney, 1992; Leunissen et al., 2017), pointing to a potential conflict in narcissistic individuals’ motivation to apologize.”
BackgroundAssessing the psychometric properties of a scenario‐based measure of achievement guilt and shame
Thompson, T., Sharp, J. L., & Alexander, J. (2008) · Educational Psychology · doi:10.1080/01443410701665873 · Cited by 13
“Positive associations have also been reported with love (Fontaine, Luyten, De Boeck, & Corveleyn, 2001 ) and with empathy (Tangney, Wagner, & Gramzow, 1992 ), while negative associations have been reported with anger and hostility (Tangney, Wagner, Gramzow, & Fletcher, 1992 ).”
BackgroundNugier, A., Gil, S., & Chekroun, P. (2011) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2011.09.004 · Cited by 13
Taihara, Q., & Malik, J. A. (2016) · Psychological Studies · doi:10.1007/s12646-016-0381-7 · Cited by 14
Sanchez, H., Clark, D. A., & Fields, S. A. (2019) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02746 · Cited by 14
A Thoroughly Gendered Affair: Teenage Partner Violence and Exploitation
Barter, C. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470976586.ch8 · Cited by 13
Jenßen, L. (2021) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1007/s11218-021-09655-6 · Cited by 16
Measuring Pre-service Primary Teachers’ Shame in Mathematics—a Comprehensive Validation Study
Jenßen, L., Rösken-Winter, B., & Blömeke, S. (2022) · International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education · doi:10.1007/s10763-022-10253-x · Cited by 13
Shame: Does it have a place in an education for democratic citizenship?
Benadé, L. (2014) · Educational Philosophy and Theory · doi:10.1080/00131857.2014.880644 · Cited by 12
“…pointed out in his succinct overview of various conceptions of shame, some writers regard shame to be non-moral or less moral than guilt (see also Tangney et al., 1992), although Harris and Maruna (2008) noted that empirical studies have not conclusively shown a clear distinction between shame…”
BackgroundTsatali, M. S., Overton, P. G., & Vivas, A. B. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0223663 · Cited by 12
“This is not an unexpected result, since research has shown that negative emotions tend to co-exist [80], specifically it has been shown that self-disgust and sadness are closely related [62,81].”
ResultShame, Sexual Compulsivity, and Eroticizing Flirtatious Others: An Experimental Study
Petrican, R., Burris, C. T., & Moscovitch, M. (2013) · The Journal of Sex Research · doi:10.1080/00224499.2013.829796 · Cited by 12
School Misbehaviour as a Coping Strategy for Negative Social Comparison and Academic Failure
Khoo, A., & Oakes, P. J. (2003) · Social Psychology of Education · doi:10.1023/a:1025678514399 · Cited by 12
“The findings of Tangney, Wagner, Fletcher, and Gramzow (1992) regarding the methods of dealing with shame are similar to those of social comparison researchers.”
ResultSommer, K. L., & Baumeister, R. F. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9354-3_3 · Cited by 12
Aggression and guilt during mourning by parents who lost an infant
Hasui, C., & Kitamura, T. (2004) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.68.3.245.40403 · Cited by 11
“On the basis of the theoretical argument of Lewis, Tangney (1990) and Tangney et al. (1992a, 1992b) speculated that guilt could be separated into components of guilt and shame.”
BackgroundHow Do Personality Traits Effect Shame and Guilt?: An Evaluation of the Turkish Culture
Erden, S., & Akbağ, M. (2015) · Eurasian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.14689/ejer.2015.58.4 · Cited by 12
Self-conscious affects: their adaptive functions and relationship to depressive mood
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Social antecedents of bullying
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The development of moral beliefs: A retrospective study
Gessner, T. L., O’Connor, J. A., Clifton, T. C., et al. (1993) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf02686806 · Cited by 12
You(r Behaviors) Are Racist: Responses to Prejudice Confrontations Depend on Confrontation Focus
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Barrett, N. F. (2014) · Sophia · doi:10.1007/s11841-014-0426-0 · Cited by 12
Who’s to Blame? Hermeneutical Misfire, Forward-Looking Responsibility, and Collective Accountability
Hänel, H. C. (2020) · Social Epistemology · doi:10.1080/02691728.2020.1839591 · Cited by 10
“…to rejection, anger, shame, hopelessness, or desperation, feelings that undermine responsibility (cf. Barrett, Zahn-Waxler, and Cole 1993; Peters et al. 2014; Stuewig et al. 2010; Tangney and Dearing 2002; Tangney et al. 1992; Thomaes et al. 2011; Wright, Gudjonsson, and Young 2008; Oakberg 2016).”
BackgroundSelf-Conscious Emotions and Social Functioning
de Hooge, I. E., Zeelenberg, M., & Breugelmans, S. M. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6953-8_12 · Cited by 11
“For example, guilt has been found to motivate a heightened sense of personal responsibility, compliance, and forgiveness, and to generate more constructive strategies to cope with anger (Freedman, Wallington, & Bless, 1967; Izard, 1977; McCullough, Worthington, & Rachal, 1997; Strelan, 2007; Tangney et al., 1992).”
BackgroundTheory of mind, empathy and moral emotions in patients with affective disorders
Epa, R., & Dudek, D. (2015) · Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.12740/app/44569 · Cited by 11
“Some researchers point out that both of these emotions involve different types of behavior: guilt is associated with a tendency to repair the caused harms, and the feeling of shame - with avoidance or aggression [48].”
BackgroundCostabile, K. A., & Austin, A. B. (2017) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.21723 · Cited by 10
Both Freud and Hoffman are Right: Anxious-Aggressive and Empathic Dimensions of Guilt
Etxebarría, I., & Apodaca, P. (2008) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/s1138741600004200 · Cited by 11
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Narcissism, Shame, and Aggression in Early Adolescence: On Vulnerable Children
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Dorahy, M. J. (2017) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2017.1295422 · Cited by 10
Looking Inward Together: Just War Thinking and Our Shared Moral Emotions
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Schoenleber, M., Beltran, E., Peters, J. R., & Anestis, M. D. (2021) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-021-09901-6 · Cited by 10
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Why Persistent Offenders Cannot Be Shamed into Behaving
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Experiences among women with shame and self-compassion in cardio-based exercise classes
Rogers, K. A., & Ebbeck, V. (2015) · Qualitative Research in Sport Exercise and Health · doi:10.1080/2159676x.2015.1056826 · Cited by 10
Emotional lability and affective synchrony in posttraumatic stress disorder pathology
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Cassiello-Robbins, C. F., Wilner, J. G., Peters, J. R., Bentley, K. H., & Sauer-Zavala, S. E. (2018) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.12.004 · Cited by 11
Moral Conflict, Religiosity, and Neuroticism in an Outpatient Sample
Kroll, J., Egan, E. A., Erickson, P., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000142031.66312.3a · Cited by 9
“Tangney et al. (1992) have developed a self-conscious affect scale designed to assess characteristic affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses associated with the moral emotions.”
BackgroundHeber, A. (2012) · International Criminal Justice Review · doi:10.1177/1057567712443964 · Cited by 9
Shame, ethical identity and conformity: Lessons from research on the psychology of social influence
Harris, N. (2011) · Hart Publishing eBooks · doi:10.5040/9781472565471.ch-009 · Cited by 14
A systematic literature review and integrative framework on the link between emotions and corruptionPreprint
Lange, J., Köbis, N., & Herrmann, C. (2022) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/8uzkf · Cited by 11
Braun, S. H., Schyns, B., Zheng, Y., & Lord, R. G. (2024) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-024-05805-w · Cited by 13
“The aggression of vulnerable narcissists occurs as “an attempt to turn the tables and to right the self, which has been impaired in the shame experience” (Tangney et al., 1992, p. 670).”
Agency and intentionality-dependent experiences of moral emotions
Bland, A., Schei, T., Roiser, J., Mehta, M. A., Zahn, R., Seara-Cardoso, A., Viding, E., Sahakian, B., Robbins, T., & Elliott, R. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110125 · Cited by 8
“Guilt is therefore thought to be an adaptive emotion promoting moral and prosocial behaviour (Tangney et al. 1992) and thus preventing people from committing transgressions.”
BackgroundProblematic anger among military personnel after combat deployment: prevalence and risk factors
Nordstrand, A. E., Anyan, F., Bøe, H. J., Hjemdal, O., Noll, L. K., Reichelt, J. G., Forbes, D., & Adler, A. B. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01955-8 · Cited by 11
“Shame and guilt are traditionally regarded as emotions that can instigate defensive affective reactions in the form of anger expressions (e.g., [84]), but the interplay between these emotions and anger is likely complex [16].”
BackgroundDorahy, M. J., Gorgas, J., Hanna, D., & Wiingaard, S. U. (2014) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12004 · Cited by 8
“…forms, shame can be severely psychologically debilitating, and growing evidence suggests shame may underlie various clinical presentations (Balcom, Lee, & Tager, 1995; Capps, 1993, Gilbert & Procter, 2006; Tangney, Wagner, & Gramzow, 1992; Tangney, Wagner, Hill-Barlow, Marshall, & Gramzow, 1996).”
BackgroundSelf-Forgiveness in Individual Psychotherapy: Therapeutic Models and Counseling Outcomes
Cornish, M. A., Wade, N. G., & Cikara, A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-60573-9_12 · Cited by 8
Guilt leads to enhanced facing-the-viewer bias
Shen, M., Zhu, C., Liao, H., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0195590 · Cited by 8
Alvinius, A., & Holmberg, A. (2021) · Feminist Media Studies · doi:10.1080/14680777.2021.1973062 · Cited by 8
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Externalization and Victim-Blaming Among a Sample of Incarcerated Females
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“Offenders who are not willing to accept responsibility for their actions are more likely to weaken their ties with reality and use external attribution as a means of eliminating feelings of guilt, which are important for reconciliation and healing (Pattison, 2000; Tangney, 1990, 1991, 1994; Tangney et al., 1992; Tangn…”
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From Self-Consciousness to Success
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“Research shows that people who anticipate such guilt feelings take steps to prevent it, such as by engaging in socially desirable behaviors (Baumeister et al., 1994; Grant & Wrzesniewski, 2010; Tangney et al., 1992).”
BackgroundInfluentialJenßen, L. (2023) · International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology · doi:10.1007/s41042-023-00120-7 · Cited by 12
“For example, they avoid shame-inducing situations or try to compensate for their subjectively perceived deficiency with apparent strengths such as perfectionism or aggression (Ashby et al., 2006; Bushman & Baumeister, 1998; Tangney et al., 1992).”
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Mothers' causal explanations for their son's schizophrenia: Relationship to depression and guilt
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Development of a Japanese version of the Humiliation Inventory
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Integrating Guilt and Shame into the Self-Concept: The Influence of Future Opportunities
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“Instead, an ashamed person may find the target of blame to deflect negative implications [35].”
BackgroundAnalysis of Emotions and Dysfunctional Attitudes in Depression
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“Some studies have actually shown that proneness to shame is positively correlated with aggression and negatively correlated with prosocial behavior in both children and adults, while the exact opposite occurs in case of proneness to guilt [16,72].”
BackgroundResultBosch, I. C., Zorita, C. M. D. I., Valor, C., & de Diego, A. M. (2022) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12416 · Cited by 12
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“…全体的自己を脅かす恥という感情は、他者を責 めるという防衛反応を引き起こす可能性があり、 他者を責めることによって、自尊感情を守り、 維持すると同時に、自分がコントロールしてい る主体であるという感覚も得ることができる。 そのため、恥は他者を責める感情、すなわち怒 りに容易に転換されやすく、怒りに転換される ことによって、恥の感情を和らげることができ る （ Tangney, Wagner, Fletcher, & Gramzow, 1992）。罪悪感は、恥ほど苦痛では なく、自己全体を脅かすこともないために、防 衛的怒りを起こす必要はなく、むしろ他者への…”
Shame and Guilt in Child Molesters
Marshall, W. L., Fernandez, Y. M., Marshall, L. E., & Serran, G. A. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470713457.ch9 · Cited by 6
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“This approach not only limits the generalisability of the results but also raises questions about the potential differential effects of the same model on adolescents and adults.”
Construction and Validation of the Self-Conscious Emotions at Work Scale
Groenvynck, H., Dillen, L., & Fontaine, J. R. J. (2011) · Psychologica Belgica · doi:10.5334/pb-51-3-4-251 · Cited by 5
“Therefore a defensive anger mechanism is elicited much easier in shame than in guilt (Tangney et al., 1992).”
Sánchez-García, J., Rodríguez, G. E., Hernández‐Gutiérrez, D., Casado, P., Fondevila, S., Jiménez‐Ortega, L., Muñoz, F., Rubianes, M., & Martín‐Loeches, M. (2021) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-021-02296-7 · Cited by 5
“1996), and even anxiety or depression (Gilbert 2000; Tangney et al. 1992).”
BackgroundParent to Baby Emotions: Parental Immediate Emotional Reactions towards Infant Crying
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The Shame System Operates With High Precision
Leroux, A., Hétu, S., & Sznycer, D. (2023) · Evolutionary Psychology · doi:10.1177/14747049231203394 · Cited by 6
Recent research on shame and guilt
Azami, R. (2008) · JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS · doi:10.4092/jsre.16.49 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Tangney, J. P., Wagner, P., Fletcher, C., & Gramzow, R.
- ORCID
- Tangney, June P.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1992
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 669-675
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W4296826512
- Cited by
- 620
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 12.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- shame, guilt, anger, aggression, self-reported aggression, emotion regulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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