Cited by 938Grief, Bereavement, and Mental HealthDeath Anxiety and Social ExclusionAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss.

Nolen-Hoeksema, Susan, Parker, Louise E., Larson, Judith·1994·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.67.1.92

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“These differences continue into adulthood, as it has been repeatedly shown with adult samples that women ruminate more than men (e.g., Nolen-Hoeksema et al. 1994 ).”
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Mediation effect of anger rumination on the relationship between dimensions of anger and anger control with mental health
Beshārat, M. A., & Pourbohlool, S. (2012) · International journal of psychological research · doi:10.21500/20112084.732 · Cited by 10
“…Mehr, 2009; Besharat et al., 2009; Bushman, 2002; Bushman et al., 2001; Just & Alloy, 1997; Kuehner & Weber, 1999; Lyubomirsky & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1995; NolenHoeksema, 2000; Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1994; Roberts et al., 1998; Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998; Watkins, 2004) supports this explanation.”
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“Although those who ruminate frequently may feel rumination provides insight into their problems (Luybomirsky & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1993), the importance of rumination to the development and maintenance of depression is well established ( Nolen-Hoeksema, Parker, & Larson, 1994 ).”
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“The 22-item RRS was used extensively to study rumination in relation to depression levels (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1994), the onset of depression (Just & Alloy, 1997), and the gender differences observed in this disorder (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1999).”
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“The scale shows excellent internal consistency as well as adequate convergent and predictive validity (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1993, 1994).”
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“…behaviors (e.g., Caprara et al., 2007), to respond to threatening stimuli in a reactive and impulsive manner (e.g., Bettencourt and Kernahan, 1997), and to manifest higher levels of anxiety and emotional instability problems (e.g., Butler and Nolen-Hoeksema, 1994; Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1994).”
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“89) and 5 month test retest reliability has been reported acceptable (34).”
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“Research evidence about the link between anger rumination and mental health components (e.g., Besharat & Mohammad Mehr, 2009; Besharat et al., 2009; Bushman; 2002; Bushman et al., 2001; Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1994; Roberts et al., 1998; Rusting & Nolen-Hoeksema, 1998; Watkins, 2004) supports this…”
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“A strong test-retest reliability (r = .80) of six months interval was reported by Nolen-Hoeksema, Parker, and Larson (1994).”
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“In support, research within the adult literature has demonstrated that bereaved individuals with greater stress burden (i.e., experiencing more chronic stress in addition to bereavement) ruminated more over time, as compared to those reporting less chronic stress (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1994).”
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“Self-reported rumination is associated with depression severity [12-14] and experimentally induced rumination prolongs dysphoric mood, enhances negatively biased memories, and impairs interpersonal and complex problem solving, while induced distraction predicts the decline of depressed mood [15].”
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“Different chical orientations, such as self-psychology (e.g., Livingston, 1998), resilience approaches (e.g., Patterson, 2002), and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (e.g., Nolen-Hoeksma, Parker, & Larson, 1994) have documented that coping ability is a protective factor for depression.”
Background
Psychiatric Disorders - New Frontiers in Affective Disorders
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“…styles suggests that rumination, as a maladaptive cognitive approach, can longitudinally predict the severity and duration of depressive symptoms in individuals with depression, as well as the likelihood of future onset and recurrence (Nolen-Hoeksema, 2000; Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1993, 1994).”
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“Although rumination has been historically linked with depressive disorders and worry with anxiety disorders (e.g., Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1993, 1994; Robinson & Alloy, 2003), rumination is observed among individuals Wolitzky-Taylor et al. 917 with anxiety symptoms and disorders (Abbott & Rapee,…”
Background
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“(Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1994), and catastrophizing is an exaggeration of the event’s severity (Sullivan et al.”
Background
Early Emergence of Rumination has no Association with Performance on a Non-affective Inhibitory Control Task
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“Early studies investigating people who experienced natural disaster (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991) [9] or bereavement (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1994) [10] reported that individuals who reported higher levels of rumination experienced more severe and longer durations of negative mood.”
Background
Adaptive and Maladaptive Effects of Self-Focused Attention on Over-general Autobiographical Memory and Depression
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“Studies investigating rumination (passively and repetitively focusing on one’s symptoms of distress) have found that rumination is associated with greater distress (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1994).”
Background
Positive Beliefs about Rumination, Self-rumination, and Self-reflection
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“First, rumination can amplify and solidify negative self-perceptions (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 1994).”
Individual Differences in Self-Regulation
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ÇOCUKLARDA STRES İLE OKUL REDDİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE BİLİŞSEL DUYGU DÜZENLEME STRATEJİLERİNİN ARACI ROLÜ
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“Individuals who frequently experience stressful events are more inclined to have more serious and long-term negative emotions post-event and are therefore more likely to engage in ruminative thinking (22, 23).”
Asociación entre rumiaciones y malestar emocional en pacientes recién diagnosticados de cáncer
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“De hecho, se considera que la rumiación es un proceso desadaptativo que puede mantener o iniciar una depresión, además de predecir los niveles futuros de ansiedad y depresión(13,14).”
Background
Maladaptive Coping Mechanisms to Stress Among University Students From an Integrative Review
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“Finally, bereaved adults who persisted in rumination were more depressed ( Nolen-Hoeksema et al. 1994 ).”
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Authors: Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Parker, L. E., & Larson, J.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1994
Volume: 67
Issue: 1
Pages: 92-104
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.67.1.92
OpenAlex: W4295812738
Cited by: 932
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 25
FWCI: 13.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: rumination, coping, depressive mood, bereavement, loss, grief

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Ruminative coping with depressed mood following loss.

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