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The automated will: Nonconscious activation and pursuit of behavioral goals.
Open accessAbstract
It is proposed that goals can be activated outside of awareness and then operate nonconsciously to guide self-regulation effectively (J. A. Bargh, 1990). Five experiments are reported in which the goal either to perform well or to cooperate was activated, without the awareness of participants, through a priming manipulation. In Experiment 1 priming of the goal to perform well caused participants to perform comparatively better on an intellectual task. In Experiment 2 priming of the goal to cooperate caused participants to replenish a commonly held resource more readily. Experiment 3 used a dissociation paradigm to rule out perceptual-construal alternative explanations. Experiments 4 and 5 demonstrated that action guided by nonconsciously activated goals manifests two classic content-free features of the pursuit of consciously held goals. Nonconsciously activated goals effectively guide action, enabling adaptation to ongoing situational demands.
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“One of these conflicting unconscious goals can become more dominant than another (Moskowitz et al., 1999; Bargh et al., 2001), thus preventing the individual from becoming aware of the less dominant goal (Moskowitz et al., 1999).”
From The Psychological Pathway to Suicide Attempts: A Strategy of Control Without Awareness (2021) · cites this paper as Bargh et al., 2001
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“The theoretical idea of limited awareness is consistent with findings from cognitive psychology literature that individuals have goals which they are not consciously aware of, and that these unconscious goals can conflict with each other (Bargh et al., 2001).”
From The Psychological Pathway to Suicide Attempts: A Strategy of Control Without Awareness (2021) · cites this paper as Bargh et al., 2001
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Bargh, J. A., Gollwitzer, P. M., Lee-Chai, A., Barndollar, K., & Trötschel, R.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- University of Konstanz (DE)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1014-1027
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- PMC
- PMC3005626
- OpenAlex
- W2171838050
- Cited by
- 1,865
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 123 · 2019: 77 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 81 · 2016: 89 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 118 · 2013: 145 · 2012: 122
- FWCI
- 39.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH060767)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
- Keywords
- implicit goals, goal pursuit, self-regulation, priming, goal-directed behavior, cooperation, performance goals, resource replenishment, construal level
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Automatism, Behavior, Cues, Goals, Humans, Psychomotor Performance, Random Allocation, Unconscious, Psychology
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