Language within our grasp.
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In monkeys, the rostral part of ventral premotor cortex (area F5) contains neurons that discharge, both when the monkey grasps or manipulates objects and when it observes the experimenter making similar actions. These neurons (mirror neurons) appear to represent a system that matches observed events to similar, internally generated actions, and in this way forms a link between the observer and the actor. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and positron emission tomography (PET) experiments suggest that a mirror system for gesture recognition also exists in humans and includes Broca's area. We propose here that such an observation/execution matching system provides a necessary bridge from'doing' to'communicating',as the link between actor and observer becomes a link between the sender and the receiver of each message.
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Area F5 plays a major role in the mirror neuron system and has been interpreted as a putative correlate of human area 44.
“Area F5 plays a major role in the mirror neuron system and has been interpreted as a putative correlate of human area 44 [30], whereas other authors disagreed [31],[32].”
From Broca's Region: Novel Organizational Principles and Multiple Receptor Mapping (2010) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Rizzolatti, G., & Arbib, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Parma (IT)
- University of Southern California (US)
- ORCID
- Arbib, Michael A.
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1998-05
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 188-194
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2146670093
- Cited by
- 2,858
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 48 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 109 · 2019: 115 · 2018: 80 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 114 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 143 · 2012: 167
- FWCI
- 13.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- mirror neurons, ventral premotor cortex, gesture recognition, Broca's area, action observation, action execution, language evolution, communication, transcranial magnetic stimulation, positron emission tomography
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain, Communication, Frontal Lobe, Gestures, Humans, Language, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Speech, Hand Strength
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