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Cited by 500Social and Intergroup PsychologyBehavioral Health and InterventionsDeath Anxiety and Social Exclusion

Preconscious control of stereotype activation through chronic egalitarian goals.

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Moskowitz, Gordon B., Gollwitzer, Peter M., Wasel, Wolfgang, Schaal, Bernd·1999·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.167
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Abstract

This research shows stereotype activation is controlled by chronic egalitarian goals. In the first 2 studies it was found that the stereotype of women is equally available to individuals with and without chronic goals, and the discriminant validity of the concept of egalitarian goals was established. In the next 2 experiments, differences in stereotype activation as a function of this individual difference were found. In Study 3, participants read attributes following stereotypical primes. Facilitated response times to stereotypical attributes were found for nonchronics but not for chronics. This lack of facilitation occurred at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) where effortful correction processes could not operate, demonstrating preconscious control of stereotype activation due to chronic goals. In Study 4, inhibition of the stereotype was found at an SOA where effortful processes of stereotype suppression could not operate. The data reveal that goals are activated and used preconsciously to prevent stereotype activation, demonstrating both the controllability of stereotype activation and the implicit role of goals in cognitive control. The current research addresses an important question for understanding both the nature of stereotyping and the nature of cognitive control: Can one's commitment to a goal lead to control over the

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  • One of these conflicting unconscious goals can become more dominant than another, thus preventing the individual from becoming aware of the less dominant goal.

    “One of these conflicting unconscious goals can become more dominant than another (Moskowitz et al., 1999; Bargh et al., 2001), thus preventing the individual from becoming aware of the less dominant goal (Moskowitz et al., 1999).”

    From The Psychological Pathway to Suicide Attempts: A Strategy of Control Without Awareness (2021) · cites this paper as Moskowitz et al., 1999

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Authors
Moskowitz, G. B., Gollwitzer, P. M., Wasel, W., & Schaal, B.
Affiliations
  • Princeton University (US)
  • University of Konstanz (DE)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1999-07
Volume
77
Issue
1
Pages
167-184
ISSN
  • 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1315
DOI
10.1037/0022-3514.77.1.167
OpenAlex
W2078930250
Cited by
500
References
91
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 28
FWCI
49.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-nd
Locations
  • Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
  • KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
Keywords
stereotype activation, cognitive control, stereotype suppression, implicit goals, stimulus onset asynchrony, stereotype priming, individual differences

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