The DOI matches its Crossref record; 81 of the 81 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Power moves: complementarity in dominant and submissive nonverbal behavior
Abstract
Two studies examine complementarity (vs. mimicry) of dominant and submissive nonverbal behaviors. In the first study, participants interacted with a confederate who displayed either dominance (through postural expansion) or submission (through postural constriction). On average, participants exposed to a dominant confederate decreased their postural stance, whereas participants exposed to a submissive confederate increased their stance. Further, participants with complementing responses (dominance in response to submission and submission in response to dominance) liked their partner more and were more comfortable than those who mimicked. In the second study, complementarity and mimicry were manipulated, and complementarity resulted in more liking and comfort than mimicry. The findings speak to the likelihood of hierarchical differentiation.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“It is possible that temporary increases in the reinforcement value of social interactions could initiate a new pattern of behavior in which individuals with SAD seek out previously avoided social situations and have more frequent positive social experiences, resulting in a positive chain of events in which affiliative behavior toward others elicits reciprocal affiliative behavior toward oneself [e”
Citations
Cites
Sociobiology: The New Synthesis.
Lenski, G. E., & Wilson, E. O. (1976) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2576242 · Cited by 6,271
Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority
Asch, S. E. (1956) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0093718 · Cited by 4,267
Presentation of Self in Everyday Life, the
&, L. L. K., & Holtz‐Bacha, C. (2008) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781412953993.n530 · Cited by 3,796
The chameleon effect: the perception–behavior link and social interaction
Chartrand, T. L., & Bargh, J. A. (1999) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.6.893 · Cited by 3,674
The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior
Goodall, J. R. (1986) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 3,384
Menaghan, E. G. (2004) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.1177/009430610403300625 · Cited by 2,812
Bargh, J. A., Chen, M., & Burrows, L. (1996) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.71.2.230 · Cited by 2,736
Asch, S. E. (1955) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1155-31 · Cited by 2,446
Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality
Leary, T. (1957) · Cited by 2,272
A psychological taxonomy of trait‐descriptive terms: The interpersonal domain
Wiggins, J. S. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.3.395 · Cited by 1,596
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Argyle, 1988, Bodily communication
- Byrne, 1971, The attraction paradigm.
- DePaulo, 1998, Nonverbal communication., Vol. 2, 3
- Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1975, Ethology: The biology of human behavior.
- Eibl-Eibesfeldt, 1989, Human ethology.
- Goodall, 1971, In the shadow of man.
- Lonner, 1980, The search for psychological universals., Vol. 1, 143
- Mehrabian, 1972, Nonverbal communication.
- Murdock, 1945, The common denominator of culture., 123
- 10.1037/0022-3514.79.2.211 · DOI
- Spiegel, 1974, Messages of the body.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 601–635 of 635
Who attains status? Similarities and differences across social contexts
Lawless, N. M., & Srivastava, S. (2014) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e578192014-079
Gedik, Y., Rink, F. A., Walter, F. H., & van der Vegt, G. S. (2022) · Group Processes & Intergroup Relations · doi:10.1177/13684302221135075
“…by further testing how robust com-pliance-based influence is, researchers can compare the theorized immediate functional team outcomes of dominance–submissiveness relations (i.e., conflict avoidance; Tiedens & Fragale, 2003) with potential negative social consequences of such relations over time.”
BackgroundThe influence of power posture in negotiation: an Ultimatum Game studyPreprint
Ferracci, S., Manippa, V., Giuliani, F., Palumbo, R., & Pietroni, D. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2748106/v1
Oggiano, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43571-3_5
Leading Through Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures
Adair, W. L., Buchan, N. R., Chen, X.-P., & Liu, L. A. (2024) · Springer series in emerging cultural perspectives in work, organizational, and personnel studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-53645-8_7
The Quest for Understanding and Connection: Theoretical Perspectives on Communication
Adair, W. L., Buchan, N. R., Chen, X.-P., & Liu, L. A. (2024) · Springer series in emerging cultural perspectives in work, organizational, and personnel studies · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-53645-8_3
Demir, P., Sandıkçı, M., Demir, E., & Soyman, E. (2024) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/7uye2
Students' Reluctance to Speak is a Result of Teachers' Dominance and Powerful in EFLClassrooms
Bahar, B., Limbong, S., Yusmanizar, -, A. N. I., & Fitriana, F. (2024) · International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research · doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i02.16035 · Cited by 1
Demir, P., Sandıkçı, M., Demir, E., & Soyman, E. (2024) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjop.12725
Saptyasari, A. (2021) · Jurnal Komunikasi Indonesia · doi:10.7454/jkmi.v10i1.1017
Cues of trait dominance elicit inferences of psychological ownership
Hingston, S. T., Tian, L., & Deska, J. C. (2024) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjso.12819 · Cited by 1
“…that dominance (and its opposite, submissive-ness ) can be communicated through several traits and behaviours including expansive body postures (Tiedens & Fragale, 2003; Vacharkulksemsuk et al., 2016), gestures (Schwartz et al., 1982), and stable facial morphology (e.g. facial width- to-height…”
González, R. V. (2024) · Behavior & Law Journal · doi:10.47442/blj.2024.118 · Cited by 1
Body Talk: Thoughts and Feelings in Action
Frank, M. G., Glowacki, Z. R., Neurohr, M., Nwogu, I., & Solbu, A. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-70064-4_13
The Association Between Power‐Space Congruency and Positive Affect
Sai, X., Hou, J., & Zhu, L. (2025) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.70050
Bolló, H., Kis, A., & Topál, J. (2025) · Biologia Futura · doi:10.1007/s42977-025-00279-x
“…shown that stable hierarchies, where subordinates defer to rather than challenge higher-ranking individuals, tend to improve group welfare, enhance performance, and foster more satisfying relationships (Halevy et al. 2011; Kwaadsteniet and Dijk 2010; Ronay et al. 2012; Tiedens and Fragale 2003).”
ArithMotion: Peer-Relative Motion Generation for Social VR via Arithmetic Metaphor
Jang, J., Cho, S., Shin, Y., & Hwang, I. (2025) · ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST) · doi:10.1145/3756884.3766039
“The occurrence of mimicry or complementarity depends on context [84], such as situations [58], relationship [57, 85], expression [32], status [26, 29], and interaction goal [93].”
InfluentialSecond fiddle strain: How extraversion shapes target CEO turnover following acquisitions
Reus, T. H., Pavićević, S., & Roelofsen, E. (2026) · Strategic Organization · doi:10.1177/14761270261420015
Steinkamp, T. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-71991-6_9
Substrats cognitifs et comportementaux de l’assertivité et de ses troubles
Dijk, A. V. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a984ac6dz6f4cz4291z8174z0e5dd36a0999
GRAB-HAI : Generating Reciprocally Adaptive Behavior for Human-Agent Interaction
Woo, J. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/7456411dzb289z4b12za36bz2d598a386069
Kubota, T., Uchida, T., Takahashi, H., Ban, M., & Ishiguro, H. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-47643-y
“This arrangement aligns with theories related to complementarity 27 , evident in scenarios such as spouses who support each other’s careers.”
The Use of Mimicry to Promote Vaccination Uptake
Muniak, P. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-18151-0_7
(2026) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83742-061-220261010
Nieuwenhuys, A., Furley, P., & Bijlstra, G. (2023) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
The Impact of AI Agent Personality in Virtual Debates
Suh, G., & Kim, S. (2026) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW) · doi:10.1109/vrw70859.2026.00313
“Conversely, the other approach highlights the potential of complementarity [11], indicating that opposing traits (e.g., dominance paired with submis-siveness) can be socially impactful by creating a functional balance.”
Schütz, A., Baumeister, R. F., Ebert, J., & Röseler, L. (2021) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)
Interactions with artificial agents in virtual reality: A study of behaviors in game-based tasks
Ratajczyk, D., Kurowska, Z., Wasielewska, A., & Łupkowski, P. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2026.103882
Yu, C., & Liu, X. (2026) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-026-09665-7
“Specifically, dominant or agentic behaviors often elicit submissive or communal responses (Tiedens & Fragale, 2003).”
Chen, R., Zhao, J., Xu, J., & Song, X. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7002153
Cognitive load modulates the effects of social contexts on facial expression processing
Yang, M., Wang, W., Yang, X., Qiu, C., Zhang, R., Zhang, H., & Xu, Q. (2026) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhag095
Liu, Y., & Greguras, G. J. (2026) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/01492063261467674
Mind the Gap: Interpersonal Complementarity and Goal-Behaviour Matching in Daily Life
Ollrogge, K., Zimmermann, J., Köhler, S., & Guhn, A. (2026) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1177/08902070261485378
Social pressure: stress responses to virtual humans in immersive virtual job interviews
Kessassi, C., Dumas, C., Cao, C. G. L., & Chollet, M. (2026) · Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces · doi:10.1007/s12193-026-00489-0
Metadata
- Authors
- Tiedens, L. Z., & Fragale, A. R.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2003
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 558-568
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W4251533964
- Cited by
- 634
- References
- 79
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 42.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Keywords
- power, complementarity, nonverbal behavior, dominance, submission, interpersonal behavior
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, California, Dominance-Subordination, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Humans, Male, Nonverbal Communication, Posture, Psychological Theory, Social Perception, Observation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
