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Motivating Learning, Performance, and Persistence: The Synergistic Effects of Intrinsic Goal Contents and Autonomy-Supportive Contexts.

Vansteenkiste, Maarten, Simons, Joke, Lens, Willy, Sheldon, Kennon M., Deci, Edward L.·2004·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.246

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Abstract

Three field experiments with high school and college students tested the self-determination theory hypotheses that intrinsic (vs. extrinsic) goals and autonomy-supportive (vs. controlling) learning climates would improve students' learning, performance, and persistence. The learning of text material or physical exercises was framed in terms of intrinsic (community, personal growth, health) versus extrinsic (money, image) goals, which were presented in an autonomy-supportive versus controlling manner. Analyses of variance confirmed that both experimentally manipulated variables yielded main effects on depth of processing, test performance, and persistence (all ps <.001), and an interaction resulted in synergistically high deep processing and test performance (but not persistence) when both intrinsic goals and autonomy support were present. Effects were significantly mediated by autonomous motivation.

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Authors: Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., Sheldon, K. M., & Deci, E. L.
Affiliations: KU Leuven (BE)
University of Missouri (US)
University of Rochester (US)
ORCID: Vansteenkiste, Maarten
Lens, Willy
Sheldon, Kennon M.
Deci, Edward L.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2004
Volume: 87
Issue: 2
Pages: 246-260
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.246
OpenAlex: W1967605054
Cited by: 1,762
References: 53
Citations by year: 2026: 66 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 96 · 2023: 166 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 106 · 2020: 152 · 2019: 86 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 93 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 106 · 2014: 98 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 84
FWCI: 38.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (MH59594, R01MH059594)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods
Keywords: self-determination theory, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, autonomy support, autonomous motivation, learning persistence, test performance, levels of processing, goal framing, high school and college students
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Goals, Humans, Learning, Male, Motivation, Surveys and Questionnaires, Personal Autonomy

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Motivating Learning, Performance, and Persistence: The Synergistic Effects of Intrinsic Goal Contents and Autonomy-Supportive Contexts.

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