Cited by 7,979Reading and Literacy DevelopmentGaze Tracking and Assistive TechnologyVisual Attention and Saliency Detection

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 741 of the 745 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research

Rayner, Keith·1998·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.372

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Recent studies of eye movements in reading and other information processing tasks, such as music reading, typing, visual search, and scene perception, are reviewed. The major emphasis of the review is on reading as a specific example of cognitive processing. Basic topics discussed with respect to reading are (a) the characteristics of eye movements, (b) the perceptual span, (c) integration of information across saccades, (d) eye movement control, and (e) individual differences (including dyslexia). Similar topics are discussed with respect to the other tasks examined. The basic theme of the review is that eye movement data reflect moment-to-moment cognitive processes in the various tasks examined. Theoretical and practical considerations concerning the use of eye movement data are also discussed.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.372

Cites

741 of 741 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. B
Press, H. (1886) · Cited by 10,087
Orienting of Attention
Posner, M. I. (1980) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/00335558008248231 · Cited by 9,670 · cited 2×
“Although we can easily decouple the locus of attention and eye location in simple discrimination tasks (Posner, 1980), in complex information processing tasks such as reading, the link between the two is probably quite tight.”
Background
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory
Bourne, L. E. (1977) · Cited by 4,328
A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension.
Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.87.4.329 · Cited by 3,904
The Neurology of Eye Movements
Leigh, R. J., & Zee, D. S. (2015) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780199969289.001.0001 · Cited by 3,829
Eye Movements and Vision
IARBUS, A. L. (1967) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,319
Integration of Visual and Linguistic Information in Spoken Language Comprehension
Tanenhaus, M. K., Spivey-Knowlton, M. J., Eberhard, K. M., & Sedivy, J. C. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7777863 · Cited by 2,929
Saccade target selection and object recognition: evidence for a common attentional mechanism.
Deubel, H., & Schneider, W. (1996) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(95)00294-4 · Cited by 2,108
Handbook of psycholinguistics. Ed. by Morton Ann Gernsbacher. New York: Academic Press, 1994, Pp. 1174.
Cairns, H. S. (1996) · Language · doi:10.2307/416113 · Cited by 1,935
Making and correcting errors during sentence comprehension: Eye movements in the analysis of structurally ambiguous sentences
Frazier, L., & Rayner, K. (1982) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(82)90008-1 · Cited by 1,793

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 745 references

4 of the 745 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Items 901–1,000 of 1,020

Development and Calibration of an Eye-Tracking Fixation Identification Algorithm for Immersive Virtual Reality
Llanes-Jurado, J., Marín‐Morales, J., Guixeres, J., & Alcañíz, M. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20174956 · Cited by 97
Consumer Neuroscience: Attentional Preferences for Wine Labeling Reflected in the Posterior Contralateral Negativity
Alvino, L., Constantinides, E., & Lubbe, R. H. J. V. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.688713 · Cited by 87
Eye movements in the visual search of word lists
Ojanpää, H., Näsänen, R., & Kojo, I. (2002) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(02)00077-9 · Cited by 84
Adolescents’ Attention to Responsibility Messages in Magazine Alcohol Advertisements: An Eye-Tracking Approach
Thomsen, S. R., & Fulton, K. S. (2007) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.02.014 · Cited by 84
Start Position Strongly Influences Fixation Patterns during Face Processing: Difficulties with Eye Movements as a Measure of Information Use
Arizpe, J. M., Kravitz, D. J., Yovel, G., & Baker, C. I. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0031106 · Cited by 84
Foveal analysis and peripheral selection during active visual sampling
Ludwig, C. J. H., Davies, J. R., & Eckstein, M. P. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1313553111 · Cited by 91
Where Do Chinese Readers Send Their Eyes?
Tsai, J.-L., & McConkie, G. W. (2003) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044451020-4/50010-4 · Cited by 84
Biased Attentional Processing of Positive Stimuli in Social Anxiety Disorder: An Eye Movement Study
Chen, N. T. M., Clarke, P., MacLeod, C., & Guastella, A. J. (2012) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2012.666562 · Cited by 94
Looking at the keyboard or the monitor: relationship with text production processes
Johansson, R., Wengelin, Å., Johansson, V., & Holmqvist, K. (2009) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-009-9189-3 · Cited by 83
Fluid Mechanics of the Eye
Siggers, J. H., & Ethier, C. R. (2011) · Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1146/annurev-fluid-120710-101058 · Cited by 83
The eye movements of pure alexic patients during reading and nonreading tasks
Behrmann, M., Shomstein, S., Black, S. E., & Barton, J. J. S. (2001) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00021-5 · Cited by 85
Filtered text reveals adult age differences in reading: Evidence from eye movements.
Paterson, K. B., McGowan, V. A., & Jordan, T. R. (2012) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/a0030350 · Cited by 83
The role of age and proficiency in subtitle reading. An eye-tracking study
Muñoz, C. (2017) · System · doi:10.1016/j.system.2017.04.015 · Cited by 83
A Cognition Based Attention Model for Sentiment Analysis
Long, Y., Lu, Q., Xiang, R., Li, M., & Huang, C. (2017) · Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/d17-1048 · Cited by 83
Using Eye Tracking to Expose Cognitive Processes in Understanding Conceptual Models1
Bera, P., Soffer, P., & Parsons, J. (2019) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2019/14163 · Cited by 88
Individual differences in the second language processing of object–subject ambiguities
Hopp, H. (2013) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716413000180 · Cited by 82
Parafoveal-on-foveal interactions in word recognition
Kennedy, A., Pynte, J., & Ducrot, S. (2002) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/02724980244000071 · Cited by 83
Training for vigilance: The effect of knowledge of results format and dispositional optimism and pessimism on performance and stress
Szalma, J. L., Hancock, P. A., Dember, W. N., & Warm, J. S. (2006) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1348/000712605x62768 · Cited by 83
Parafoveal preview effects from word N + 1 and word N + 2 during reading: A critical review and Bayesian meta-analysis
Vasilev, M. R., & Angele, B. (2016) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-016-1147-x · Cited by 92
Which Eye Tracker Is Right for Your Research? Performance Evaluation of Several Cost Variant Eye Trackers
Funke, G. J., Greenlee, E. T., Carter, M., Dukes, A. W., Brown, R., & Menke, L. E. (2016) · Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting · doi:10.1177/1541931213601289 · Cited by 83
User-centered modeling and evaluation of multimodal interfaces
Oviatt, S. L. (2003) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2003.817127 · Cited by 83
How Distinct are Intuition and Deliberation? An Eye-Tracking Analysis of Instruction-Induced Decision ModesPreprint
Horstmann, N. D., Ahlgrimm, A., & Glöckner, A. (2009) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.1393729 · Cited by 84
Eye movements and reading comprehension while listening to preferred and non-preferred study music
Johansson, R., Holmqvist, K., Mossberg, F., & Lindgren, M. P. (2011) · Psychology of Music · doi:10.1177/0305735610387777 · Cited by 82
What Eye Movements Reveal About Deaf Readers
Bélanger, N. N., & Rayner, K. (2015) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414567527 · Cited by 82
Testing the Predictions of Surprisal Theory in 11 Languages
Wilcox, E., Pimentel, T., Meister, C., Cotterell, R., & Lévy, R. (2023) · Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics · doi:10.1162/tacl_a_00612 · Cited by 87
Neural correlates of fixation duration in natural reading: Evidence from fixation-related fMRI
Henderson, J. M., Choi, W., Luke, S. G., & Desai, R. H. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.072 · Cited by 91
Understanding the Positive Effects of Graphical Risk Information on Comprehension: Measuring Attention Directed to Written, Tabular, and Graphical Risk Information
Smerecnik, C. M. R., Mesters, I., Kessels, L. T. E., Ruiter, R. A. C., de Vries, N. K., & de Vries, H. (2010) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01435.x · Cited by 82
Looks Are (Almost) Everything: Where Drivers Look to Get Information
Shinar, D. (2008) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1518/001872008x250647 · Cited by 82
Modeling the Control of Attention in Visual Workspaces
Steelman, K. S., McCarley, J. S., & Wickens, C. D. (2011) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1177/0018720811404026 · Cited by 86
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation over Posterior Parietal Cortex Disrupts Transsaccadic Memory of Multiple Objects
Prime, S. L., Vesia, M., & Crawford, J. D. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0542-08.2008 · Cited by 82
Examining the relationship between comprehension and production processes in code-switched language
Tamargo, R. E. G., Kroff, J. R. V., & Dussias, P. E. (2016) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2015.12.002 · Cited by 90
Saccadic Inhibition and Gaze Contingent Research Paradigms
Reingold, E. M., & Stampe, D. M. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008043642-5/50008-5 · Cited by 82
Eye-Movement Control in Reading
Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012369374-7/50017-1 · Cited by 83
NoA’s ark: Influence of the number of associates in visual word recognition
Duñabeitia, J. A., Avilés, A., & Carreiras, M. (2008) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/pbr.15.6.1072 · Cited by 81
Inferring Visualization Task Properties, User Performance, and User Cognitive Abilities from Eye Gaze Data
Steichen, B., Conati, C., & Carenini, G. (2014) · ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1145/2633043 · Cited by 81
Combining Concurrent Think-Aloud Protocols and Eye-Tracking Observations: An Analysis of Verbalizations and Silences
Elling, S., Lentz, L. R., & de Jong, M. D. T. (2012) · IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication · doi:10.1109/tpc.2012.2206190 · Cited by 81
Verbatim, Standard, or Edited?: Reading Patterns of Different Captioning Styles Among Deaf, Hard of Hearing, and Hearing Viewers
Szarkowska, A., Krejtz, I., Klyszejko, Z., & Wieczorek, A. (2011) · American annals of the deaf · doi:10.1353/aad.2011.0039 · Cited by 81
What eye movements can tell us about sentence comprehension
Vasishth, S., von der Malsburg, T., & Engelmann, F. (2012) · Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Cognitive Science · doi:10.1002/wcs.1209 · Cited by 81
How users perceive and respond to security messages: a NeuroIS research agenda and empirical study
Anderson, B. B., Vance, A., Kirwan, C. B., Eargle, D., & Jenkins, J. L. (2016) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1057/ejis.2015.21 · Cited by 83
Mental simulation during literary reading: Individual differences revealed with eye-tracking
Mak, M., & Willems, R. M. (2018) · Language Cognition and Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/23273798.2018.1552007 · Cited by 92
When I Look into Your Eyes: A Survey on Computer Vision Contributions for Human Gaze Estimation and Tracking
Cazzato, D., Leo, M., Distante, C., & Voos, H. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20133739 · Cited by 85
Rowed to recovery: The use of phonological and orthographic information in reading Chinese and English.
Feng, G., Miller, K. F., Shu, H., & Zhang, H. (2001) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037//0278-7393.27.4.1079 · Cited by 81
Lack of semantic parafoveal preview benefit in reading revisited
Rayner, K., Schotter, E. R., & Drieghe, D. (2014) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-014-0582-9 · Cited by 81
Exploring Translation and Interpreting Hybrids. The Case of Sight Translation
Dragsted, B., & Hansen, I. G. (2009) · Meta Journal des traducteurs · doi:10.7202/038317ar · Cited by 81
Adapting to Changed Hearing: The Potential Role of Formal Training
Boothroyd, A. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Audiology · doi:10.3766/jaaa.21.9.6 · Cited by 82
Cortical mechanisms for trans-saccadic memory and integration of multiple object features
Prime, S. L., Vesia, M., & Crawford, J. D. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0184 · Cited by 89
Neural Correlates of Word Recognition: A Systematic Comparison of Natural Reading and Rapid Serial Visual Presentation
Kornrumpf, B., Niefind, F., Sommer, W., & Dimigen, O. (2016) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00977 · Cited by 79
Eye movements and picture processing during recognition
Henderson, J. M., Williams, C. C., Castelhano, M. S., & Falk, R. J. (2003) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03194809 · Cited by 81
Eye movement behaviour during reading of Japanese sentences: Effects of word length and visual complexity
White, S. J., Hirotani, M., & Liversedge, S. P. (2011) · Reading and Writing · doi:10.1007/s11145-010-9289-0 · Cited by 80
Reading into neuronal oscillations in the visual system: implications for developmental dyslexia
Vidyasagar, T. R. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00811 · Cited by 87
The time course of morphological processing in a second language
Clahsen, H., Balkhair, L., Schutter, J., & Cunnings, I. (2013) · Second language Research · doi:10.1177/0267658312464970 · Cited by 71
Eye movements and reading in glaucoma: observations on patients with advanced visual field loss
Burton, R., Smith, N. D., & Crabb, D. P. (2014) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s00417-014-2752-x · Cited by 83
Lighting for work: A study of the relationships among discomfort glare, physiological responses and visual performance
Hamedani, Z., Solgi, E., Hine, T. J., Skates, H., Isoardi, G., & Fernando, R. (2019) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.106478 · Cited by 80
The eye–mind wandering link: Identifying gaze indices of mind wandering across tasks.
Faber, M., Krasich, K., Bixler, R., Brockmole, J. R., & D’Mello, S. K. (2020) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037/xhp0000743 · Cited by 97
Eye tracking research and technology: Towards objective measurement of data quality
Reingold, E. M. (2014) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2013.876481 · Cited by 80
Privacy considerations for a pervasive eye tracking world
Liebling, D. J., & Preibusch, S. (2014) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/2638728.2641688 · Cited by 78
Eye movements when looking at unusual/weird scenes: Are there cultural differences?
Rayner, K., Castelhano, M. S., & Yang, J. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0013508 · Cited by 80
Inserting spaces into Chinese text helps readers to learn new words: An eye movement study
Blythe, H. I., Liang, F., Zang, C., Wang, J., Yan, G., Bai, X., & Liversedge, S. P. (2012) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2012.05.004 · Cited by 80
Children's and Adults’ Processing of Anomaly and Implausibility during Reading: Evidence from Eye Movements
Joseph, H. S. S. L., Liversedge, S. P., Blythe, H. I., White, S. J., Gathercole, S. E., & Rayner, K. (2008) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210701400657 · Cited by 80
Face-specific impairment in holistic perception following focal lesion of the right anterior temporal lobe
Busigny, T., Belle, G. V., Jemel, B., Hosein, A., Joubert, S., & Rossion, B. (2014) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.01.018 · Cited by 80
Visual search in noise: Revealing the influence of structural cues by gaze-contingent classification image analysis
Rajashekar, U., Bovik, A. C., & Cormack, L. K. (2006) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/6.4.7 · Cited by 80
Weakly Supervised Part-of-speech Tagging Using Eye-tracking Data
Barrett, M., Bingel, J., Keller, F., & Søgaard, A. (2016) · Proceedings of the conference - Association for Computational Linguistics. Meeting · doi:10.18653/v1/p16-2094 · Cited by 80
Cortical Effects of Shifting Letter Position in Letter Strings of Varying Length
Cornelissen, P. L., Tarkiainen, A., Helenius, P., & Salmelin, R. H. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892903322307447 · Cited by 81
Orthography and the Development of Reading Processes: An Eye-Movement Study of Chinese and English
Feng, G., Miller, K. F., Shu, H., & Zhang, H. (2009) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01293.x · Cited by 79
Influence of Cartoon Media Characters on Children's Attention to and Preference for Food and Beverage Products
Ogle, A. D., Graham, D. J., Lucas‐Thompson, R. G., & Roberto, C. A. (2016) · Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics · doi:10.1016/j.jand.2016.08.012 · Cited by 90
Sampling rate influences saccade detection in mobile eye tracking of a reading task
Leube, A., Rifai, K., & Wahl, S. (2017) · Journal of Eye Movement Research · doi:10.16910/jemr.10.3.3 · Cited by 79
Evaluating information-theoretic measures of word prediction in naturalistic sentence reading
Aurnhammer, C., & Frank, S. L. (2019) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.107198 · Cited by 84
The Oxford Handbook of the Mental Lexicon
Anna Papafragou, A., Trueswell, J. C., & Gleitman, L. R. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198845003.001.0001 · Cited by 82
Assessing the importance of letter pairs in initial, exterior, and interior positions in reading.
Jordan, T. R., Thomas, S. M., Patching, G. R., & Scott-Brown, K. C. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.29.5.883 · Cited by 79
An eye-tracking study of the Elaboration Likelihood Model in online shopping
Yang, S.-F. (2014) · Electronic Commerce Research and Applications · doi:10.1016/j.elerap.2014.11.007 · Cited by 79
Visual memory capacity in transsaccadic integration
Prime, S. L., Tsotsos, L. E., Keith, G. P., & Crawford, J. D. (2007) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-007-0885-4 · Cited by 84
Reading strategy modulates parafoveal-on-foveal effects in sentence reading
Wotschack, C., & Kliegl, R. M. (2011) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2011.625094 · Cited by 79
Pictures of a thousand words: Investigating the neural mechanisms of reading with extremely rapid event-related fMRI
Yarkoni, T., Speer, N. K., Balota, D. A., McAvoy, M. P., & Zacks, J. M. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.04.258 · Cited by 78
Visual attention in multi-attributes choices: What can eye-tracking tell us?
Krucien, N., Ryan, M., & Hermens, F. (2017) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2017.01.018 · Cited by 84
Distinct Subsystems for the Parafoveal Processing of Spatial and Linguistic Information during Eye Fixations in Reading
Inhoff, A. W., Radach, R. R., Eiter, B. M., & Juhasz, B. J. (2003) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/02724980244000639 · Cited by 79
Atypical scanpaths in schizophrenia: Evidence of a trait- or state-dependent phenomenon?
Beedie, S. A., St. Clair, D. M., & Benson, P. J. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.090169 · Cited by 78
The processing of compound words in English: Effects of word length on eye movements during reading
Juhasz, B. J. (2008) · Language and Cognitive Processes · doi:10.1080/01690960802144434 · Cited by 78
Benchmark eye movement effects during natural reading in autism spectrum disorder.
Howard, P. L., Liversedge, S. P., & Benson, V. (2016) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/xlm0000289 · Cited by 81
Investigating the construct measured by banked gap-fill items: Evidence from eye-tracking
McCray, G., & Brunfaut, T. (2016) · Language Testing · doi:10.1177/0265532216677105 · Cited by 78
Fixation distance and fixation duration to vertical road signs
Costa, M., Simone, A., Vignali, V., Lantieri, C., & Palena, N. (2018) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2017.12.017 · Cited by 78
Auditory Distraction During Reading: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis of a Continuing Controversy
Vasilev, M. R., Kirkby, J. A., & Angele, B. (2018) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691617747398 · Cited by 85
Nutrition label processing in the past 10 years: Contributions from eye tracking approach
Ma, G., & Zhuang, X. (2020) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2020.104859 · Cited by 85
Reading: The Confluence of Vision and Language
Yeatman, J. D., & White, A. L. (2021) · Annual Review of Vision Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-vision-093019-113509 · Cited by 89
Focus takes time: structural effects on reading
Lowder, M. W., & Gordon, P. C. (2015) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-015-0843-2 · Cited by 78
Gaze Control for Face Learning and Recognition by Humans and Machines
Henderson, J. M., Falk, R., Minur, S., Dyer, F. C., & Mahadevan, S. (2001) · Advances in psychology · doi:10.1016/s0166-4115(01)80034-0 · Cited by 78
Orthographic and Phonological Preview Benefits: Parafoveal Processing in Skilled and Less-Skilled Deaf Readers
Bélanger, N. N., Mayberry, R. I., & Rayner, K. (2013) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2013.780085 · Cited by 78
Queuing Network Modeling of Transcription Typing
Wu, C., & Liu, Y. (2008) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/1352782.1352788 · Cited by 78
Untitled work
(2012) · doi:10.1145/2168556.2168575 · Cited by 78
Spelling knowledge and reading development: Insights from Arab ESL learners
Fender, M. (2008) · Reading in a Foreign Language · doi:10.64152/10125/66623 · Cited by 78
Deeper than shallow: Evidence for structure-based parsing biases in second-language sentence processing
Witzel, J., Witzel, N., & Nicol, J. L. (2011) · Applied Psycholinguistics · doi:10.1017/s0142716411000427 · Cited by 78
Text Advertising Blindness: The New Banner Blindness?
Owens, J. W., Chaparro, B. S., & Palmer, E. M. (2011) · doi:10.5555/2007456.2007460 · Cited by 78
Binocular Coordination of the Eyes during Reading
Liversedge, S. P., Rayner, K., White, S. J., Findlay, J. M., & McSorley, E. (2006) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.051 · Cited by 77
What’s in a (Role) Name? Formal and Conceptual Aspects of Comprehending Personal Nouns
Irmen, L. (2007) · Journal of Psycholinguistic Research · doi:10.1007/s10936-007-9053-z · Cited by 77
Category Processing and the human likeness dimension of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis: Eye-Tracking Data
Cheetham, M., Pavlovic, I., Jordan, N., Suter, P., & Jäncke, L. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00108 · Cited by 75
Synchronizing Visual and Language Processing: An Effect of Object Name Length on Eye Movements
Zelinsky, G. J., & Murphy, G. L. (2000) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00227 · Cited by 77
“I can see it in your eyes”: Biased Processing and Increased Arousal in Dishonest Responses
Hochman, G., Glöckner, A., Fiedler, S., & Ayal, S. (2015) · Journal of Behavioral Decision Making · doi:10.1002/bdm.1932 · Cited by 77
ADAPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Shute, V. J., & Zapata‐Rivera, D. (2007) · ETS Research Report Series · doi:10.1002/j.2333-8504.2007.tb02047.x · Cited by 81
Translation Process Research
Jakobsen, A. L. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781119241485.ch2 · Cited by 77
Eye movement analysis of reading from computer displays, eReaders and printed books
Zambarbieri, D., & Carniglia, E. (2012) · Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics · doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2012.00930.x · Cited by 76
The looking glass selfie: Instagram use frequency predicts visual attention to high-anxiety body regions in young women
Couture Bue, A. C. (2020) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2020.106329 · Cited by 72

Authors: Rayner, K.
Affiliations: University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
Corresponding author: Rayner, Keith
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1998-11
Volume: 124
Issue: 3
Pages: 372-422
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.372
OpenAlex: W2013112874
Cited by: 7,979
References: 745
Citations by year: 2026: 395 · 2025: 428 · 2024: 351 · 2023: 354 · 2022: 420 · 2021: 394 · 2020: 433 · 2019: 466 · 2018: 426 · 2017: 343 · 2016: 445 · 2015: 384 · 2014: 437 · 2013: 415 · 2012: 389
FWCI: 63.73
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5k05mh001255-05)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH 01255)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD26765, R01HD017246, HD-17246)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
Keywords: eye movements, reading, perceptual span, saccades, oculomotor control, individual differences, dyslexia, music reading, typing, visual search, scene perception, cognitive processes
MeSH terms: Cognition, Humans, Mental Processes, Reading, Saccades

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Eye movements in reading and information processing: 20 years of research

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks