The DOI matches its Crossref record; 269 of the 272 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Why Does Social Exclusion Hurt? The Relationship Between Social and Physical Pain.
Abstract
The authors forward the hypothesis that social exclusion is experienced as painful because reactions to rejection are mediated by aspects of the physical pain system. The authors begin by presenting the theory that overlap between social and physical pain was an evolutionary development to aid social animals in responding to threats to inclusion. The authors then review evidence showing that humans demonstrate convergence between the 2 types of pain in thought, emotion, and behavior, and demonstrate, primarily through nonhuman animal research, that social and physical pain share common physiological mechanisms. Finally, the authors explore the implications of social pain theory for rejection-elicited aggression and physical pain disorders.
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“The consensus that has emerged is that a network of brain regions that support the aversive quality of physical pain (the ' affective ' component), principally the dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) and anterior insula (AI), also underlie the feeling of social rejection.”
From Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“Current theorizing suggests that the brain systems that underlie social rejection developed by coopting brain circuits that support the affective component of physical pain (1, 2, 9).”
From Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“However, cultures around the world use the same language -words like ' hurt ' and ' pain '-to describe both experiences (1), raising the question: How similar are social rejection and physical pain?”
From Social rejection shares somatosensory representations with physical pain (2011) · cites this paper as [1]
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Metadata
- Authors
- MacDonald, G., & Leary, M. R.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Wake Forest University (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2005-03
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 202-223
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2170436315
- Semantic Scholar
- 0e711c40ec38b531215de3ed80a26fe08eb7d0f6
- Cited by
- 1,712
- References
- 272
- Citations by year
- 2026: 71 · 2025: 106 · 2024: 103 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 102 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 89 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 81 · 2017: 92 · 2016: 79 · 2015: 91 · 2014: 122 · 2013: 103 · 2012: 83
- FWCI
- 4.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- social exclusion, social pain, bodily pain, rejection, evolutionary psychology, aggression, pain disorders
- MeSH terms
- Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Narcotics, Oxytocin, Pain, Psychological Theory, Social Alienation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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