The DOI matches its Crossref record; 296 of the 298 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Revisiting the role of the prefrontal cortex in the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Abstract
Most neural models for the pathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have centered on the prefrontal cortex and its interconnections with the striatum and other subcortical structures. However, research only partially supports these models, and they do not correspond with the development of the prefrontal cortex and its interrelated neurocircuitry. The neural and functional development of the prefrontal cortex more closely parallels recovery from ADHD as indicated by the developmental remission of symptomatology. The authors hypothesize that ADHD is due to noncortical dysfunction that manifests early in ontogeny, remains static throughout the lifetime, and is not associated with the remission of symptomatology. Data supporting this neurodevelopmental model of prefrontal cortex function in ADHD are reviewed. Research and treatment implications are discussed.
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In the citing paper
“they hypothesized that ADHD is caused by non-cortical neural dysfunction that is present early in ontogeny and remains relatively static throughout life.”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Halperin et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“Halperin and colleagues (Halperin et al., 2006; Halperin, Marks, & Schulz, 2008) have posited distinct neurocognitive mechanisms for the etiology of and relative recovery from ADHD.”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Halperin et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“investigators have increasingly embraced the notion that ADHD is best viewed within the context of a developmental trajectory rather than that of a static medical condition (Halperin et al., 2006; Sagvolden, Johansen, Aase, & Russell, 2005; Sonuga-Barke & Halperin, 2009; Taylor, 1999)”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Halperin et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“they posited that the reduction of symptoms oftentimes seen over development are at least partially accounted for by the degree to which prefrontally-mediated EFs and other higher cortical functions, which emerge throughout childhood and adolescence, can compensate for these more primary and enduring subcortical deficits.”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Halperin et al., 2006
In the citing paper
“This intervention is relevant to ADHD given the noted difficulties that many children with ADHD have with EFs (Doyle, 2006; Willcutt et al., 2005) and the notion that improved EF over development should reduce the severity of ADHD symptoms and impairments (Halperin and Schulz, 2006).”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Halperin and Schulz, 2006
In the citing paper
“The prefrontal recovery hypothesis [73] postulates that the reduction of ADHD symptoms during adolescence is related to the degree in which prefrontal cognitive control functions (‘cold’ decision-making) compensate for primary and persistent subcortical deficits (‘hot’ decision-making).”
From Risky behavior in gambling tasks in individuals with ADHD–a systematic literature review (2013) · cites this paper as [73]
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“Maturation in these regions may compensate for the initial childhood development of ADHD symptoms through top-down regulatory processes, leading to eventual symptom remission(Halperin & Schulz, 2006).”
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“Pathophysiology The hypothesis of Halperin & Schulz [18] portrayed ADHD to be mediated by subcortical neuronal dysfunction that exists early in life and remains relatively stable throughout the lifetime,”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Halperin, J. M., & Schulz, K. P.
- Affiliations
- Queens College, CUNY (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Venue
- Psychological Bulletin
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 132
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 560-581
- ISSN
- 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1455
- OpenAlex
- W2139377807
- Semantic Scholar
- 9b63dbee33341e428d6c3a9a7c386b7dd42c7191
- Cited by
- 446
- References
- 298
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- William T. Grant Foundation (97183497)
- National Institute of Mental Health (RO1 MH60698; RO1 MH068206; R21 MH066360)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, prefrontal cortex, neurodevelopmental model, striatum, symptom remission, ADHD pathophysiology
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Prefrontal Cortex
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