Response Execution and Inhibition in Children with AD/HD and Other Disruptive Disorders: The Role of Behavioural Activation
Open accessAbstract
This study was aimed at (a) replicating findings of slow and variable response execution and slow response inhibition in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). (b) investigating whether these deficits are specifically related to AD/HD or may also be observed in Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), and children comorbid for AD/HD+ODD, and (c) examining the role of activation level in task performance of children with AD/HD. To meet these aims, the stop paradigm was administered at three levels of activation, using a slow, medium, and fast presentation rate of stimuli, to 4 groups of children: 24 AD/HD children, 21 children with ODD, 27 children with comorbid AD/HD + ODD, and 41 normal controls. As hypothesized, children with AD/HD exhibited a slow response execution process with considerable variability in the speed of responding compared to normal controls. Slow response execution was also observed in the comorbid AD/HD+ODD group but not in the pure ODD group. Larger variability in the speed of responding was common to all disruptive groups compared with controls. In contrast to our hypothesis, no group differences emerged for inhibitory functioning. Finally, the slow event rate condition caused a further deterioration in the speed of the response execution process in both the AD/HD group and ODD group.
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The CEM explains a phenomenon that performance can be improved to normal levels under conditions that are thought to increase arousal and/or motivation, such as the provision of external rewards or the faster presentation of stimuli.
“It explained a phenomenon that performance can be improved to normal levels under conditions that are thought to increase arousal and/or motivation, such as the provision of external rewards (Konrad et al., 2000; Slusarek et al., 2001) or the faster presentation of stimuli (Scheres et al., 2001).”
From A Review of Heterogeneity in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (2019) · cites this paper as Scheres et al., 2001
The Introduction says that faster stimulus presentation generally improves the slow, variable responses of children with AD/HD. But the Statistical Analyses report that their reaction times and variability still differed significantly from controls even at the fast event rate, so this paper does not support improvement to normal levels. Scheres et al. is cited for faster presentation, not for external rewards. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe typically slow and variable response style in ADHD, when stimuli are presented at a low rate, is a consistent finding, whereas findings are mixed with respect to errors of commission.
“The typically slow and variable response style in ADHD, when stimuli are presented at a low rate, is a consistent finding in these studies, whereas findings are mixed with respect to errors of commission”
From Context-dependent Dynamic Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Differentiating Common and Unique Effects of State Regulation Deficits and Delay Aversion (2010) · cites this paper as Scheres et al., 2001
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- Authors
- Scheres, A., Oosterlaan, J., & Sergeant, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001-03
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 347-357
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2113609646
- Cited by
- 160
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- VU Research Portal (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, response inhibition, response execution, behavioral activation, stop-signal task, response variability, comorbidities, children, presentation rate, disruptive behavior disorders
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition Disorders, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Reaction Time, Regression Analysis, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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