Meta-analysis of comparative therapy outcome studies: a replication and refinement.

Shapiro, David A.; Shapiro, Diana

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.581

Cited by 590Meta-analysis and systematic reviewsPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsPsychology Research and Bibliometrics

Meta-analysis of comparative therapy outcome studies: a replication and refinement.

Shapiro, David A., Shapiro, Diana·1982·Psychological Bulletin

DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.581

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There is some evidence that psychological therapists become less effective over the years following qualification.
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Age and experience are not enough to ensure that we improve, and might be more closely related to drift from evidence-based methods and weaker patient outcomes.
“Age and experience are not enough to ensure that we improve, and might be more closely related to drift from evidence-based methods and weaker patient outcomes”
From Therapist drift redux: Why well-meaning clinicians fail to deliver evidence-based therapy, and how to get back on track (2016) · cites this paper as Shapiro & Shapiro, 1982

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Relative efficacy of modeling and instructions in eliciting social behavior from chronic psychiatric patients.
Jaffe, P. G., & Carlson, P. M. (1976) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.44.2.200 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Smoking cessation: Long-term irrelevance of mode of treatment
Levenberg, S. B., & Wagner, M. K. (1976) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(76)90055-0 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Comparative effects of cognitive modification, systematic desensitization, and speech preparation in the reduction of speech and general anxiety
Weissberg, M., & Lamb, D. H. (1977) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637757709390112 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Comparative effectiveness of voluntary heart rate control and muscular relaxation as active coping skills for reducing speech anxiety.
Gatchel, R. J., Hatch, J. P., Watson, P. J., Smith, D. J. B., & Gaas, E. (1977) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.45.6.1093 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
A comparison of aversion therapies for nailbiting behavior
Vargas, J. M., & Adesso, V. J. (1976) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(76)80058-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
An outcome study of short-term communication training with married couples.
Epstein, N. B., & Jackson, E. (1978) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.46.2.207 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Effectiveness of structured psychodrama and systematic desensitization in reducing test anxiety.
Kipper, D. A., & Giladi, D. (1978) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.25.6.499 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Synergistic effect of self-relaxation and rehearsal feedback in the treatment of subjective and behavioral dimensions of speech anxiety.
Sherman, A. R., Mulac, A., & McCann, M. (1974) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037577 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Is it the cognitive or the behavioral component which makes cognitive–behavior modification effective in test anxiety?
Kaplan, R. M., McCordick, S. M., & Twitchell, M. (1979) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.26.5.371 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
An experimental investigation of the effects of covert sensitization in an analogue eating situation
Diament, C., & Wilson, G. T. (1975) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(75)80006-2 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Flooding therapy: Effectiveness, stimulus characteristics, and the value of brief in vivo exposure
Marshall, W. L., Gauthier, J. G., Christie, M. M., Currie, D. W., & Gordon, A. (1977) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(77)90090-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Group systematic desensitization versus covert positive reinforcement in the reduction of test anxiety.
Kostka, M. P., & Galassi, J. P. (1974) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037290 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Hypnosis versus systematic desensitization in the treatment of test anxiety.
Melnick, J. L., & Russell, R. W. (1976) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.23.4.291 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Treatment of test anxiety by cue-controlled relaxation and systematic desensitization.
Russell, R. K., Wise, F., & Stratoudakis, J. P. (1976) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.23.6.563 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self and external management compared with psychotherapy in the control of obesity
Hall, S. M., Hall, R. G., DeBoer, G., & O'Kulitch, P. (1977) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(77)90091-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
A self-control versus a counterconditioning paradigm for systematic desensitization: An experimental comparison.
Spiegler, M. D., COOLEY, E. J., Marshall, G. J., Prince, H. T., Puckett, S. P., & Skenazy, J. A. (1976) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.23.1.83 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Live versus recorded relaxation training: a controlled investigation
Israel, E., & Beiman, I. (1977) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(77)80274-8 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Weight control through covert sensitization and false feedback.
Elliott, C. H., & Denney, D. R. (1975) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.43.6.842 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Comparison of relaxation as self-control and systematic desensitization in the treatment of test anxiety.
Snyder, A. L., & Deffenbacher, J. L. (1977) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.45.6.1202 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Covert reinforcement: The contribution of the reinforcing stimulus to treatment outcome
Hurley, A. D. (1976) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(76)80066-4 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A comparison of systematic desensitization and social skill acquisition in the modification of a social fear
Wright, J. C. (1976) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(76)80277-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Science and psychotherapy: The state of the art*
Shapiro, D. A. (1980) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1980.tb02862.x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Systematic desensitization, relaxation-training and suggestion in the treatment of test anxiety
Bedell, J. R. (1976) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(76)90008-5 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cognitive behavior modification and modeling for test anxiety.
McCordick, S. M., Kaplan, R. M., Finn, M. E., & Smith, S. H. (1979) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.47.2.419 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
EMG biofeedback training versus systematic desensitization for test anxiety reduction.
Romano, J. L., & Cabianca, W. A. (1978) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.25.1.8 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Cognitive behavior modification or new ways to change minds: Reply to Mahoney and Kazdin.
Ledwidge, B. (1979) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.5.1050 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Effects of Assertive Training and Cognitive Components of Rational Therapy on Assertive Behaviors and Interpersonal Anxiety
Tiegerman, S., & Kassinove, H. (1977) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1977.40.2.535 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Biofeedback and Meditation: Effects on Muscle Tension and Locus of Control
Zaichkowsky, L. D., & Kamen, R. (1978) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.2466/pms.1978.46.3.955 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Multivariate Approaches to Psychotherapy With Sexual Dysfunctions
Obler, M. (1975) · The Counseling Psychologist · doi:10.1177/001100007500500114 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The role of awareness in reducing nail-biting behavior
Adesso, V. J., Vargas, J. M., & Siddall, J. W. (1979) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(79)80018-0 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Comparison of symbolic and overt aversion in the self-control of smoking.
Barbarin, O. A. (1978) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.46.6.1569 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The role of relaxation in systematic desensitization: Revisiting an unresolved issue
O’Brien, G. T., & Borkovec, T. D. (1977) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(77)90003-9 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Positive versus negative self-monitoring in the self-control of smoking.
Kantorowitz, D. A., Walters, J. C., & Pezdek, K. (1978) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.46.5.1148 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The differential effectiveness of five treatment procedures on three response systems in a snake phobia analog study
Odom, J. V., Nelson, R. O., & Wein, K. S. (1978) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(78)80025-2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
English Housing Survey, 2020-2021: Household Data
Ministry of Housing, C. A. L. G. (2023) · VocBench (University of Rome Tor Vergata) · doi:10.5255/ukda-sn-9057-1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
A comparison of traditional and self-control desensitization.
Deffenbacher, J. L., & Parks, D. H. (1979) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.26.2.93 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Effects of metronome-conditioned relaxation, metronome-induced relaxation, and progressive muscle relaxation on insomnia
Pendleton, L. R., & Tasto, D. L. (1976) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(76)90072-3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The behavioural treatment of sexual inadequacy
Asirdas, S., & Beech, H. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(75)90013-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Note on Treatment of Heterosexual Anxiety Using Short-Term Massed Desensitization
Mitchell, K. R., & Orr, F. E. (1974) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1974.35.3.1093 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Effects of two short-term desensitization methods in the treatment of test anxiety.
Richardson, F. C., & Suinn, R. M. (1974) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037101 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Desensitization and modeling treatments of spider fear using two types of scenes.
Denney, D. R., & Sullivan, B. J. (1976) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.44.4.573 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Two procedures for relaxation as self-control in the treatment of communication apprehension.
Deffenbacher, J. L., & Payne, D. M. (1977) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.24.3.255 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-directed contact desensitization.
Moss, M. K., & Arend, R. A. (1977) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.45.5.730 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Active, passive, and vicarious desensitization.
Denney, D. R. (1974) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037093 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Thought-Stopping as a Treatment for Reducing Cigarette Smoking
Lamontagne, Y., Gagnon, M.-A., Trudel, G. A., & Boisvert, J.-M. (1978) · International Journal of the Addictions · doi:10.3109/10826087809039282 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Effects of Self-Monitoring as a Function of its Expected Benefits and Incompatible Response Training
Katz, R. C., Thomas, S. L., & Williamson, P. (1976) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03394421 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Personality tailored covert sensitization of heroin abuse
Snowden, L. R. (1978) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(78)90010-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Skills training and self-administered desensitization in the reduction of public speaking anxiety
Marshall, W. L., Stoian, M., & Andrews, W. R. (1977) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(77)90095-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effects of assertive training on three dimensions of assertiveness
Turner, S. M., & Adams, H. E. (1977) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(77)90003-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Comparison of a self-control approach and an emotional coping approach to the treatment of obesity.
Kelly, A. H., & Curran, J. P. (1976) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.44.4.683 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Treatment of overweight.
Kessler, S. (1974) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037096 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
THE EFFECT OF TRANSCENDENTAL MEDITATION UPON MODIFYING THE CIGARETTE SMOKING HABIT
Ottens, A. J. (1975) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1975.tb04476.x · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-pacing in eliminating chronic smoking: Serendipity revisited?
Lando, H. A. (1976) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(76)80118-9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Effectivenss of automated desensitization with normal volunteers and phobic patients.
Branham, L., & Katahn, M. (1974) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/h0081870 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Fear reduction in help-givers as a function of helping.
Rakos, R. F., & Schrøeder, H. E. (1976) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.23.5.428 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Components of Desensitization in Modification of Fear among Genuinely Fearful Subjects
Glynn, F. D. M., & McClaren, H. A. (1975) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1975.37.3.959 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Modification of agitated depression by flooding: A preliminary study
Hannie, T. J., & Adams, H. E. (1974) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(74)90105-0 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Drive level, incentive conditions and systematic desensitization
Kass, W., & Gilner, F. H. (1974) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(74)90098-9 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Weight gain through self-control procedures.
Gulanick, N. A., Woodburn, L. T., & Rimm, D. C. (1975) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0076892 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Thirty-minute relaxation: A comparison of some methods
Miller, R. K., & Bornstein, P. H. (1977) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(77)90069-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Negative Practice and Desensitization of Anxiety about Examinations
O'Brien, R. M. (1976) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1976.38.3c.1147 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Contingency Factors in Negative Practice of Smoking
O'Brien, R. M., & Dickinson, A. M. (1977) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1977.40.2.495 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Aversive conditioning treatment of overweight
Frohwirth, R. A., & Foreyt, J. P. (1978) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(78)80018-5 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Counseling the Test Anxious: An Alternative.
Reister, B. W. (1977) · Journal of College Student Personnel · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-Regulatory Techniques in the Modification of Nonassertive Behavior
Aiduk, R., & Karoly, P. (1975) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1975.36.3.895 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Comparative Effects of Social Skill Development
Wright, W., Morris, K. T., & Fettig, B. (1974) · Small Group Behavior · doi:10.1177/104649647400500206 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Differential Group Structure
Berlin, J. S., & Dies, R. R. (1974) · Small Group Behavior · doi:10.1177/104649647400500406 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Marathon group therapy with female narcotic addicts.
Kilmann, P. R. (1974) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/h0086377 · Cited by 3 · see citing works

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TARGET ARTICLE: Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind
Snyder, C. R. (2002) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1304_01 · Cited by 3,737 · see citing works
The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope.
Snyder, C. R. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., Yoshinobu, L., Gibb, J., Langelle, C., & Harney, P. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.60.4.570 · Cited by 4,765 · see citing works
Empirically supported psychological interventions: Controversies and evidence
Chambless, D. L., & Ollendick, T. H. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.685 · Cited by 2,097 · see citing works
The efficacy of psychological, educational, and behavioral treatment: Confirmation from meta-analysis.
Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (1993) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.48.12.1181 · Cited by 2,033 · see citing works
Research summary on the therapeutic relationship and psychotherapy outcome.
Lambert, M. J., & Barley, D. E. (2001) · Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.38.4.357 · Cited by 1,621 · see citing works
The effectiveness of psychotherapy: The Consumer Reports study.
Seligman, M. E. P. (1995) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.50.12.965 · Cited by 1,591 · see citing works
Is the Placebo Powerless?
Hróbjartsson, A., & Gøtzsche, P. C. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105243442106 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
The dose-effect relationship in psychotherapy.
Howard, K. I., Kopta, S. M., Krause, M. S., & Orlinsky, D. E. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.2.159 · Cited by 1,339 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of psychotherapy dropout
Wierzbicki, M., & Pekarik, G. (1993) · Professional Psychology: Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.24.2.190 · Cited by 1,118 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of outcome studies comparing bona fide psychotherapies: Empiricially, "all must have prizes."
Wampold, B. E., Mondin, G. W., Moody, M., Stich, F., Benson, K., & Ahn, H.-N. (1997) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.122.3.203 · Cited by 1,091 · see citing works
Psychological Treatments That Cause Harm
Lilienfeld, S. O. (2007) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6916.2007.00029.x · Cited by 959 · see citing works
The Handbook of Research Synthesis
Ziegel, E. R., Cooper, H., & Hedges, L. V. (1995) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1269651 · Cited by 936 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the efficacy of cognitive therapy for depression.
Dobson, K. S. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.57.3.414 · Cited by 823 · see citing works
A meta-analysis of the efficacy of cognitive therapy for depression.
Dobson, K. S. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.57.3.414 · Cited by 824 · see citing works
Standing out and standing in: The psychology of control in America and Japan.
Weisz, J. R., Rothbaum, F. M., & Blackburn, T. C. (1984) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.39.9.955 · Cited by 820 · see citing works
META‐REGRESSION ANALYSIS: A QUANTITATIVE METHOD OF LITERATURE SURVEYS
Stanley, T. D., & Jarrell, S. B. (2005) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/j.0950-0804.2005.00249.x · Cited by 805 · see citing works
Treatment fidelity in outcome studies
Moncher, F. J., & Prinz, R. J. (1991) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(91)90103-2 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Effects of psychosocial interventions with adult cancer patients: A meta-analysis of randomized experiments.
Meyer, T. J., & Mark, M. M. (1995) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.14.2.101 · Cited by 869 · see citing works
Placebo interventions for all clinical conditions
Hróbjartsson, A., & Gøtzsche, P. C. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003974.pub3 · Cited by 777 · see citing works
Identifying and developing empirically supported child and adolescent treatments.
Kazdin, A. E., & Weisz, J. R. (1998) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.66.1.19 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Psychotherapy for the treatment of depression: a comprehensive review of controlled outcome research.
Robinson, L. A., Berman, J., & Neimeyer, R. (1990) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.1.30 · Cited by 691 · see citing works
Is cognitive–behavioral therapy more effective than other therapies?
Tolin, D. F. (2010) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.05.003 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Bridging the gap between laboratory and clinic in child and adolescent psychotherapy.
Weisz, J. R., Donenberg, G. R., Han, S. S., & Weiss, B. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.63.5.688 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Patient-focused research: Using patient outcome data to enhance treatment effects.
Lambert, M. J., Hansen, N. B., & Finch, A. E. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.2.159 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Promoting and Protecting Youth Mental Health Through Evidence-Based Prevention and Treatment.
Weisz, J. R., Sandler, I. N., Durlak, J. A., & Anton, B. S. (2005) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.60.6.628 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Effectiveness of psychotherapy with children and adolescents: A meta-analysis for clinicians.
Weisz, J. R., Weiss, B., Alicke, M. D., & Klotz, M. L. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.55.4.542 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Where oh where are the specific ingredients? A meta-analysis of component studies in counseling and psychotherapy.
Ahn, H.-N., & Wampold, B. E. (2001) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.48.3.251 · Cited by 571 · see citing works
The effect of psychological interventions on anxiety and depression in cancer patients: results of two meta-analyses
Sheard, T., & Maguire, P. (1999) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6690596 · Cited by 533 · see citing works
Listening to Prozac but hearing placebo: A meta-analysis of antidepressant medication.
Kirsch, I., & Sapirstein, G. (1998) · Prevention & Treatment · doi:10.1037/1522-3736.1.1.12a · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Effects of treatment duration and severity of depression on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic-interpersonal psychotherapy
Shapiro, D. A., Barkham, M., Rees, A., Hardy, G. E., Reynolds, S., & Startup, M. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.62.3.522 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Self-citation
The outcome of psychotherapy with children.
Casey, R. J., & Berman, J. S. (1985) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.388 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
The Dodo bird verdict is alive and well-mostly.
Luborsky, L., Rosenthal, R., Diguer, L., Andrusyna, T. P., Berman, J. S., Levitt, J. T., Seligman, D. A., & Krause, E. D. (2002) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.9.1.2 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
"Are all psychotherapies equivalent?"
Stiles, W. B., Shapiro, D. A., & Elliott, R. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.41.2.165 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Self-citation
The lab versus the clinic: Effects of child and adolescent psychotherapy.
Weisz, J. R., Weiss, B., & Donenberg, G. R. (1992) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.47.12.1578 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Patterns of symptomatic recovery in psychotherapy.
Kopta, S. M., Howard, K. I., Lowry, J. L., & Beutler, L. E. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.62.5.1009 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Business Students and Ethics: A Meta-Analysis
Borkowski, S. C., & Ugras, Y. J. (1998) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1023/a:1005748725174 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
COMMON FACTORS AND OUR SACRED MODELS
Sprenkle, D. H., & Blow, A. J. (2004) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2004.tb01228.x · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Power to detect differences between alternative treatments in comparative psychotherapy outcome research.
Kazdin, A. E., & Bass, D. C. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.57.1.138 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
The relative efficacy of bona fide psychotherapies for treating post-traumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of direct comparisons
Benish, S. G., Imel, Z. E., & Wampold, B. E. (2007) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.10.005 · Cited by 335 · see citing works
Negative outcome in psychotherapy: A critical review.
Mohr, D. C. (1995) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2850.1995.tb00022.x · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Graduate training in psychotherapy: Are therapy outcomes enhanced?
Stein, D. M., & Lambert, M. J. (1995) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.63.2.182 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
The differential effectiveness of group psychotherapy: A meta-analytic perspective.
Burlingame, G. M., Fuhriman, A., & Mosier, J. (2003) · Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice · doi:10.1037/1089-2699.7.1.3 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Who (or What) Can Do Psychotherapy: The Status and Challenge of Nonprofessional Therapies
Christensen, A., & Jacobson, N. S. (1994) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1994.tb00606.x · Cited by 318 · see citing works
Effectiveness of anger treatments for specific anger problems: A meta-analytic review
Vecchio, T. D., & O’Leary, K. D. (2003) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2003.09.006 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
The roles of hopeful thinking in preventing problems and enhancing strengths
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“Meta-Analysis of Psychotherapy Outcome Studies”
(2010) · Encyclopedia of Research Design · doi:10.4135/9781412961288.n240

Authors: Shapiro, D. A., & Shapiro, D.
Affiliations: University of Sheffield (GB)
ORCID: Shapiro, David A.
Venue: Psychological Bulletin
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1982
Volume: 92
Issue: 3
Pages: 581-604
ISSN: 0033-2909 (ISSN-L)
1939-1455
DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.92.3.581
OpenAlex: W2040742438
Cited by: 590
References: 179
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 2.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychological Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychology Research and Bibliometrics
Keywords: meta-analysis, replication, treatment outcome comparison
MeSH terms: Behavior Therapy, Mental Disorders, Humans, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Psychotherapy, Statistics as Topic

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Meta-analysis of comparative therapy outcome studies: a replication and refinement.

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